Malaria control in humanitarian emergencies : an inter-agency field handbook

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910787889103321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Geneva, Switzerland : , : World Health Organization, , [2013]; ©2013
• ISBN: 92-4-069174-X
• Edizione: [Second edition.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (248 p.)
• Disciplina: 362.196
• Soggetti: Malaria - Prevention; Mosquitoes - Control
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; Contents; Preface; Contributors; Acknowledgements; Abbreviations; Glossary; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; K; L; M; N; O; P; R; S; T; V; Z; Chapter 1 Introduction; Humanitarian emergencies; Definitions; Types of humanitarian emergencies; Phases of humanitarian emergencies; Tables; Table 1.1 Phases of humanitarian emergencies; Malaria; Overview; Parasites; Figures and tables; Figures; Figure 1.1 Malaria, countries or areas at risk of transmission, 2011; Vectors; Epidemiology and population risk; Importance of malaria in humanitarian emergencies; Vulnerability and constraints; Table 1.2 Population displacement and risk of malaria in resettlement areasEffective humanitarian response; References; Finding out more; Chapter 2 Coordination; Coordination mechanisms; The cluster approach; Coordination among partners; Advocacy and resource mobilization; Global and local advocacy considerations; Resource mobilization; Priorities and constraints; Finding out more; Table 2.1 Constraints in humanitarian emergencies; Chapter 3 Assessment and operational planning; Assessment and information needs; Essential and desirable information; Sources of information; Data collection; Information on context and demographicsInformation on malaria transmission; Information on malaria morbidity; Figure 3.1 Assessing malaria risk; Information on malaria mortality; Rapid epidemiological surveys; Information on malaria outbreaks and control efforts; ; Information on population knowledge and practices; Assessing capacity to respond; Information on health policy, planning, and services; Operational planning; Multisectoral planning; Site planning; Selecting vector control activities; Selecting effective first-line antimalarial treatment; Managing supplies of diagnostics, antimalarials, and other essential medicinesProcurement and supply chain management; Community outreach; Finding out more; Chapter 4 Surveillance; Health surveillance in humanitarian emergencies; Definition; Surveillance approaches; Boxes; Box 4.1 Surveillance challenges after the Haiti earthquake, 2010; Planning malaria surveillance during humanitarian emergencies; Collecting basic information; Population size and structure; Surveillance priorities in humanitarian emergencies; Box 4.2 Budgeting for surveillance; Data collection; Mortality surveillance; Cause-specific mortalityCauses of morbidity; Figure 4.1 Example: mortality surveillance reporting form; Figure 4.2 Example: cause-specific mortality reporting form; Figure 4.3 Example: cause-specific morbidity reporting form; Malaria-specific surveillance needs; Table 4.1 Useful indicators for malaria surveillance; Table 4.2 Standardized malaria case definitions; Monitoring and evaluation; Programme effectiveness indicators; Other considerations when assessing indicators for surveillance; Surveillance for other aspects of malaria control; Drug efficacy surveillance; Vector surveillance; References
• Sommario/riassunto: This second edition represents a thorough updating and revision of the first edition. The structure remains similar but includes an additional chapter on humanitarian coordination. All chapters have been revised to reflect changes in best practices improvements in technologies availability of new tools and changes in WHO recommendations. The interagency handbook was developed to set out effective malaria control responses in humanitarian emergencies particularly during the acute phase when reliance on international humanitarian assistance is greatest. It provides policy-makers planners and fie

Natural history collections in the science of the 21st century : a sustainable resource for open science / / coordinated by Roseli Pellens

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910830626603321
• Autore: Pellens Roseli
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: London ; ; Hoboken, New Jersey : , : ISTE Ltd : , : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., , [2021]; ©2021
• ISBN: 1-119-88222-2; 1-119-88223-0; 1-119-88221-4
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (416 pages)
• Disciplina: 508.0753
• Soggetti: Natural history
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Natural History Collections: An Essential Resource for Science in the 21st Century -- 1.1. Collections in early 21st century science -- 1.2. New explorations because of the magnitude and diversity of the collections' data -- 1.3. Research using and driving the constitution of natural history collections -- 1.3.1. Being able to return to the object: one of the major contributions of natural history collections -- 1.3.2. Collections at the heart of highly innovative research thanks to new technologies -- 1.3.3. A resource for global change research -- 1.3.4. Designing the science of the future based on collections -- 1.4. References -- 2. Natural History Collections: An Ancient Concept in a Present and Future Perspective -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. A tribute to curiosity and coupling with classifications -- 2.3. The structuring of our thoughts and actions by an ancient concept -- 2.4. Collections: more than species catalogues -- 2.5. Big Data collections in space and time -- 2.6. What future is there for the use of collections? -- 2.7. Conclusion -- 2.8. References -- 3. Louis XIV's Blue Gems: Exceptional Rediscoveries at the French National Museum of Natural History -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. A scientific investigation of color -- 3.3. The digital decoding of the ; creative genius of the royal gem cutter -- 3.4. Epilogue: toward a renaissance... -- 3.5. References -- 4. Rediscovering Human Mummies: Unpublished data on the Chachapoya Mummy Exhibited at the Musée de l'Homme -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.1.1. The Muséum's collection of human mummies -- 4.1.2. Origin, discovery, donation and exhibition: a brief history of the mummy -- 4.2. Materials and methods.; 4.2.1. The MNHN-HA-30187 mummy: position of the body, measurements and external appearance -- 4.2.2. Medical imaging protocol and technique -- 4.2.3. Protocol for experimental reproduction of trepanation -- 4.3. Results -- 4.3.1. Basic biological identity -- 4.3.2. Osteo-dental status -- 4.3.3. Internal organs -- 4.3.4. Archeoentomology -- 4.3.5. Cranial trepanation: location, size and mode of operation -- 4.4. Discussion -- 4.4.1. Identity of the deceased and health status -- 4.4.2. Treatment of the corpse and embalming -- 4.4.3. Chronology of mortuary gestures -- 4.5. Conclusion -- 4.6. References -- 5 Reconstructing the History of Human Populations: A Challenge for Biological Anthropology -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.1.1. How human remains have also become scientific objects -- 5.1.2. The MNHN biological anthropology collection -- 5.1.3. Cranial morphology as an indication of biocultural processes -- 5.2. Cranial morphology and settlement history -- 5.2.1. A new look at the diversity of Native Americans -- 5.3. Cranial morphology and adaptation to the environment -- 5.3.1. Cranial diversity beyond randomness -- 5.4. The importance of cranial collection for the advancement of research in biological anthropology -- 5.5. References -- 6. The Discovery of New Metal-Hyperaccumulating Plant Species in Herbaria -- 6.1. Metal-hyperaccumulating plants -- 6.2. The screening of herbarium collections: from atomic absorption to X-ray fluorescence -- 6.3. The discovery of new metal-hyperaccumulating plants at the MNHN herbarium -- 6.3.1. The interest of the MNHN herbarium for the research of metal-hyperaccumulating plants -- 6.3.2. From the herbarium to the field: new nickel hyperaccumulators in the genus Orthion -- 6.3.3. Rinorea multivenosa, the first zinc hyperaccumulating species discovered in the Amazon basin.; 6.3.4. A large number of manganese hyperaccumulating species to be discovered -- 6.4. Conclusion -- 6.5. Acknowledgments -- 6.6. References -- 7. Fossil Crustaceans in the Light of New Technologies -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Fossil crustaceans -- 7.3. The radiation of fossil crustaceans -- 7.3.1. Revealing characters with UV light (yellow fluorescence) -- 7.3.2. Revealing characters with green light (green-orange fluorescence) -- 7.3.3. X-ray radiography -- 7.4. Exceptional preservation of fossil crustaceans -- 7.5. Ostracods and paleogeography at the end of the Paleozoic -- 7.6. References -- 8. The "Cyanobacteria and Microalgae" Collection in the Time of "-omics" -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. A living collection supported by research -- 8.3. New uses of the collection in basic research -- 8.3.1. Polyphasic identification and taxonomy of cyanobacteria and microalgae -- 8.3.2. Contribution to the evolutionary sciences -- 8.3.3. Contribution to the study of interactions between organisms -- 8.4. Enhancing the value of biological resources through the search for innovative bioactive molecules -- 8.5. Expertise in environmental diagnosis -- 8.6. The living collection of cyanobacteria and microalgae of today and tomorrow -- 8.7. References -- 9. The Collection of Cryopreserved Cells and Tissues of Vertebrates: Methods and Application -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. History of the collection -- 9.3. Can all living beings be cryopreserved? -- 9.3.1. Collection, culture and freezing -- 9.4. Current applications -- 9.5. Current composition of the bank -- 9.6. Perspectives -- 9.7. References -- 10. Herbaria, the Last Resort for ; Extinct Plant Species -- 10.1. Context and objectives -- 10.2. Proposed approach and protocol -- 10.3. First results -- 10.3.1. Selection of target species and identification of affine species.; 10.3.2. Assessment of the viability of available seeds -- 10.3.3. Cultivation experiments on affine species of the target species -- 10.4. Discussion and conclusion -- 10.5. Acknowledgments -- 10.6. References -- 11. Ocean Cores, Climate Archives -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. The MNHN's oceanic collection -- 11.3. Development of core drilling techniques -- 11.4. Ocean cores: archives of past climate variability -- 11.5. Climate proxies -- 11.5.1. Temperature proxies -- 11.5.2. Proxies of salinity -- 11.5.3. Paleo-pH proxies and carbonate ion concentration -- 11.6. Analytical techniques -- 11.7. Conclusion -- 11.8. References -- 12. Clarifying the Radiocarbon Calibration Curve for Ancient Egypt: The Wager of Herbaria -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Carbon-14 (¹⁴C) dating and Egyptian chronology -- 12.2.1. The challenge of calibration -- 12.2.2. Chronology of ancient Egypt: contribution of ¹⁴C and historic debates -- 12.3. Specificities of the Egyptian landscape and the objective of the project -- 12.4. The flora of Egypt in the MNHN Herbarium -- 12.5. Analytical and statistical challenges -- 12.5.1. Selection of herbarium specimens -- 12.5.2. Preliminary results of ¹⁴C dating -- 12.6. Conclusion -- 12.7. References -- 13. Herbaria, a Window into the Evolutionary History of Crop Pathogens -- 13.1. Epidemics, emergences and re-emergences -- 13.2. Development of agriculture, domestication of cultivated plants and their diseases -- 13.3. Molecular biology and genomics as a tool for studying phytopathogenic micro-organisms -- 13.4. Contributions of the herbarium samples -- 13.4.1. Direct evidence -- 13.4.2. Molecular analyses -- 13.5. How to explore a herbarium -- 13.6. Characteristics of old nucleic acids and their treatment -- 13.6.1. The particular case of viral nucleic acids -- 13.7. Xanthomonas citri pv. citri and its emergence in the Indian Ocean.; 13.8. Emergence and evolutionary history of plant pathogenic viruses: the geminivirus model -- 13.8.1. Case of a species complex responsible for an emerging disease -- 13.8.2. Case of a cryptic geminivirus -- 13.9. Discussion -- 13.10. Acknowledgments and funding -- 13.11. References -- 14. The Yellow-Legged Asian Hornet: Prediction of the Risk of Invasion and the Study of its Color Variations -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Vespa velutina: some elements of taxonomy and biology -- 14.2.1. A species: 13 colored forms -- 14.2.2. One nest per year -- 14.2.3. Insectivore, but not exclusively -- 14.3. Sampling of specimens -- 14.4. The origin of invasive lineages of V. velutina in France and Korea -- 14.4.1. The history of the invasion explained by genetics -- 14.4.2. A single queen at the origin of the invasive lineage in France -- 14.5. Expansion risks in Europe and worldwide -- 14.5.1. Data and methods for inferring range and predicting invasion risk -- 14.5.2. Strong expansion in Europe and the Northern Hemisphere -- 14.6. Origin of color and shape variations -- 14.6.1. The importance of collection specimens -- 14.6.2. Discordance between genetic lineages and colored forms -- 14.7. Conclusion -- 14.8. References -- 15. Exploring Temporal Changes in the Composition of Macroalgal Communities by Using Collections -- 15.1. On the constitution of macroalgal collections -- 15.1.1. Large seaweeds -- 15.1.2. Algal herbaria -- 15.1.3. Data associated with the herbaria -- 15.1.4. Specimens and scientific evidence -- 15.1.5. The herbarium of the Dinard maritime laboratory -- 15.2. Exploring temporal changes in species distribution -- 15.2.1. Perspectives for exploring temporal changes in species distribution -- 15.3. Exploring temporal changes in community composition -- 15.3.1. Example of the ; study of the Dinard Herbarium.; 15.3.2. Perspectives for exploring temporal changes in community composition.