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Cover; CONTENTS; FOREWORD; PREFACE; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; Executive summary; Introduction; Global epidemiology of suicide and suicide attempts; Suicide mortality; Global and regional suicide rates; Suicide rates by sex; Suicide rates by age; The relative importance of suicide as a leading cause of death; Changes in suicide rates from 2000 to 2012; Methods of suicide; Suicide attempts; Self-reports of suicidal behaviour from surveys; Hospital-based data on medically treated suicide attempts; Risk and protective factors, and related interventions; Health system and societal risk factors |
Barriers to accessing health careAccess to means; Inappropriate media reporting and social media use; Stigma associated with help-seeking behaviour; Community and relationship risk factors; Disaster, war and conflict; Stresses of acculturation and dislocation; Discrimination; Trauma or abuse; Sense of isolation and lack of social support; Relationship conflict, discord or loss; Individual risk factors; Previous suicide attempt; Mental disorders; Harmful use of alcohol and other substances; Job or financial loss; Hopelessness; Chronic pain and illness; Family history of suicide |
Genetic and biological factorsWhat protects people from the risks of suicide?; Strong personal relationships; Religious or spiritual beliefs; Lifestyle practice of positive coping strategies and well-being; The current situation in suicide prevention; What is known and what has been achieved; Research achievements; Policy achievements; Practice achievements; What are countries doing about suicide prevention now?; National responses to suicide; Training on suicide risk assessment and intervention; Support groups for people bereaved by suicide |
Current legal status of suicide around the world and perspectives for changeWhat are the effects of decriminalization?; Working towards a comprehensive national response for suicide prevention; How can countries create a comprehensive national strategy and why is it useful?; Guiding principles for the development and implementation of national strategies; Implementation of a national suicide prevention strategy; Challenges to implementation; How can progress be tracked when evaluating a national suicide prevention strategy?; Challenges in evaluation |
The cost and cost-effectiveness of suicide prevention effortsThe way forward for suicide prevention; What can be done and who needs to be involved?; Forging a way forward; Countries that have no current activity; Countries that have some activity; Countries that have a national response; What does success look like?; Outcomes; Impacts; Key messages; REFERENCES; ANNEXES; Annex 1. Estimated numbers and rates of suicide by sex and age, 2000 and 2012; Annex 2: WHO Member States grouped by WHO Region and average income per capita |