1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910786484903321

Autore

Evans Martin

Titolo

International Capital Flows and Debt Dynamics / / Martin Evans

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2012

ISBN

1-4755-2480-3

1-4755-6613-1

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (60 p.)

Collana

IMF Working Papers

IMF working paper ; ; WP/12/175

Soggetti

Capital movements

Debt

Exports and Imports

Foreign Exchange

Current Account Adjustment

Short-term Capital Movements

International Lending and Debt Problems

International Investment

Long-term Capital Movements

Empirical Studies of Trade

International economics

Foreign assets

External position

Capital flows

Foreign liabilities

Trade balance

Balance of payments

International trade

Investments, Foreign

International finance

Balance of trade

United States

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

"July 2012."



Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references.

Nota di contenuto

Cover; Contents; 1 Introduction; 2 International Assets, Liabilities, Returns and Trade Flows; 2.1 The Balance of Payments and Consolidated Budget Constraint; 2.2 Trade Flows, Asset Pricing and Portfolio Choice; List of Figures; 1 Alternative Measures of the U.S. External Position; 3 A Model of Capital Flow Dynamics; 3.1 Approximating the Consolidated Budget Constraint; 3.2 Net Positions and Capital Flows; 3.3 Gross Positions and Capital Flows; 3.4 Equilibrium Positions and Capital Flows; 4 Data and Estimation; 4.1 Data; 4.2 Adjusting Trade Flows

2 Trends In U.S. Foreign Assets, Liabilities and Real Trade Flows 4.3 Sample Statistics; 3 Approximation Accuracy; List of Tables; 1 Summary Statistics; 2 Returns and Portfolio Shares; 4.4 Estimation; 4 Changes in the Composition of Asset and Liability Portfolios; 3 Granger Causality Tests; 5 Results; 5.1 Net Position Dynamics; 5 Historical Behavior of the U.S. Net External Position and its Components; 4 Variance Decompositions of xp[sub(t)]; 5.2 Gross Position Dynamics; 6 Historical Behavior of U.S. Gross Foreign Asset and Liability Positions and their Components

5 Variance Decompositions for δ[sup(FA)][sub(t)] and δ[sup(PL)][sub(t)] 5.3 Net Capital Flows; 7 Variance Contributions of Trade and Returns to U.S. Net Capital Flows; 8 Variance Contributions of Net Capital Flows; 5.4 Gross Capital Flows; 9 Historical Behavior of U.S. Gross Foreign Asset and Liability Positions and their Components; 10 Variance Contributions to Gross Capital Flows; 11 Variance Contributions of Gross Capital Flows; 6 U.S. Returns and The Exorbitant Privilege; 6.1 Portfolio Composition; 6 Portfolio Returns and Their Components

12 Composition Effects and the size of the Valuation Channel 6.2 The Role of the Dollar; 7 Returns and the Dollar Depreciation Rates; 13 The U.S. Net External Position and the Role of the Dollar; 7 Conclusion

Sommario/riassunto

This paper presents a new model for studying international capital flows and debt dynamics that emphasizes the role played by expectations concerning future trade flows and returns. I use the model to estimate the drivers of the U.S. external position and capital flows between 1973 and 2008. The estimates show that most of the secular rise in U.S. international indebtedness is attributable to growing optimism about future returns on U.S. holdings of foreign equity and FDI assets. They also show that the transformation of world savings into risky assets by the U.S. had little effect on its external position, but the expected future real depreciation of the dollar allowed the U.S. to sustain a higher level of international debt after the 1990s.



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910815930903321

Autore

Schröpfer Thomas

Titolo

Dense + green : innovative building types for sustainable urban architecture / / Thomas Schröpfer ; foreword by Chan Heng Chee ; contributions by Kees Christiaanse [and seven others]

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Basel, Switzerland : , : Birkhäuser, , 2016

©2016

ISBN

3-03821-014-5

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (304 p.)

Classificazione

ZH 3050

Disciplina

720/.47

Soggetti

Sustainable architecture

Urban density

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Includes indexes.

Nota di contenuto

Dense + Green -- Front matter -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Dense + Green Agendas -- The Dense and Green Paradigm -- Dense and Green Technologies -- Blue-Green Infrastructures for Buildings and Liveable Cities -- Biological Functionalities of Green -- Green Urbanism -- Dense and Green Building Typologies -- Dense + Green Case Studies -- Institutional -- Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Picardie -- Brooklyn Botanic Garden Visitor Center -- Khoo Teck Puat Hospital -- School of the Arts -- Nanyang Technological University Learning Hub -- Office -- Ministry for Urban Development and the Environment -- Phare Tower Project -- Federal Environment Agency -- Solaris -- National University Health System Tower Block -- Residential -- Mountain Dwellings -- Vertical Garden House -- Via Verde -- Newton Suites -- The Interlace -- Infrastructure -- The Amager Bakke -- Columbia Boulevard Wastewater Treatment Plant 196 Support Facility -- Transbay Transit Center -- Changi Airport Terminal 3 -- Mixed Use -- Urban Mountain -- Maquinnext -- One Central Park -- Oasia Downtown -- South Beach Road -- Dense + Green Practice Reports -- Foster + Partners Practice Report -- MVRDV Practice Report -- WOHA Practice Report -- T. R. Hamzah & Yeang Practice Report -- Dense + Green Future -- Future Trajectories -- Appendix -- About the Author and the Contributors -- Illustration Credits -- Index of Names



-- Subject Index

Sommario/riassunto

Entwerfen und Konstruieren mit organischen Materialien ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil des nachhaltigen Bauens. Allzuoft wird Nachhaltigkeit auf Bautechnologie reduziert, und das Grün hat nur ornamentale Funktion. Dense + Green stellt Innovationen bei hochverdichteten Bautypen dar, die aus dem umfassenden Einsatz von grünen Komponenten wie vertikalen Gärten und begrünten Fassaden hervorgehen. Das Buch beschreibt detailliert Strategien für eine große Zahl von Bauaufgaben und grünen Baubereichen unter unterschiedlichen klimatischen Voraussetzungen. Ausgeführte Beispiele für wichtige Bautypen werden mit durchgängig neu angefertigten Zeichnungen dargestellt und analysiert. Ein Team von international renommierten Autoren legt den aktuellen Wandel im Bauen für nachhaltige städtische Umgebungen dar.Aus dem Inhalt: • Hochverdichtete grüne Bautypologien, von Thomas Schröpfer, Architekt, Singapore University of Technology and Design• Bautechnologien für hochverdichtete grüne Bereiche, von Atelier Ten, Umwelt- und Bautechnikingenieure, New York• Landschaftsarchitektonische Aspekte, von Herbert Dreiseitl, Atelier Dreiseitl/Rambøll Liveable Cities Lab, Überlingen/Singapur/Portland• Botanische Aspekte, von Jean Yong, Ökophysiologe, Singapore University of Technology and Design• Städtebau mit hochverdichteten grünen Bautypen, von Kees Christiaanse, Stadtplaner, ETH Zürich • Analyse von 25 Bauten aus Europe, Asien und USA • Praxisberichte von Foster + Partners, WOHA, Ken Yeang, MVRDV und anderen Architekten

The integration of nature in architecture is a key concern of sustainability. However, all too often sustainable design is reduced to improving the energetic performance of buildings and the ornamental application of natural green. Dense + Green explores new architectural typologies that emerge from the integration of green components such as sky terraces, vertical parks and green facades, in high-density buildings. The book describes green strategies in a comparison across different design tasks and climate conditions. In-depth case studies on the most relevant building types, consistently presented with analytical drawings made exclusively for this book, are complemented by expert essays that demonstrate the current paradigm shift in the sustainable urban environment. From the Contents: • Dense + Green Building Types, by Thomas Schröpfer, architect, Singapore University of Technology and Design• Dense + Green Building Technology, by Atelier Ten, environmental design consultants and building services engineers, New York, NY• Dense + Green Landscape Design, by Herbert Dreiseitl, landscape architect, Atelier Dreiseitl/Rambøll Liveable Cities Lab, Überlingen/Singapore/Portland, OR• Dense + Green Botanical Design, by Jean Yong, plant eco-physiologist, Singapore University of Technology and Design• Dense + Green Urbanism, by Kees Christiaanse, urban planner, ETH Zurich• 25 in-depth case studies from Europe, Asia and the USA• Practice Reports by Foster + Partners, WOHA, Ken Yeang, MVRDV and others