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Record Nr. |
UNINA990006834320403321 |
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Autore |
Tobin, James <1918-2002> |
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Titolo |
Full employment and growth : further Keynesian essays on policy / James Tobin |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cheltenham : E. Elgar, c 1996 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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Disciplina |
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Locazione |
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Collocazione |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910786474103321 |
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Autore |
Budina Nina |
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Titolo |
Fiscal Rules in Response to the Crisis : : Toward the "Next-Generation" Rules: A New Dataset / / Nina Budina, Andrea Schaechter, Anke Weber, Tidiane Kinda |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2012 |
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ISBN |
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1-4755-9499-2 |
1-4755-1824-2 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (50 p.) |
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Collana |
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IMF Working Papers |
IMF working paper ; ; WP/12/187 |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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SchaechterAndrea |
WeberAnke |
KindaTidiane |
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Soggetti |
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Fiscal policy - Europe |
Budgeting |
Macroeconomics |
Public Finance |
Fiscal Policy |
Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government |
National Deficit Surplus |
National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General |
National Budget |
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Budget Systems |
Public finance & taxation |
Budgeting & financial management |
Fiscal rules |
Expenditure |
Fiscal stance |
Budget planning and preparation |
Fiscal policy |
Public financial management (PFM) |
Expenditures, Public |
Budget |
Europe Economic policy |
Switzerland |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Cover; Abstract; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Definition, Objectives, and Types of Fiscal Rules; A. Definition and Objectives; B. Types of Fiscal Rules; Tables; 1. Properties of Different Types of Fiscal Rules; III. The Past Two Decades: Fiscal Rules on the Rise; A. Who Uses Fiscal Rules and How Many?; Figures; 1. Countries with Fiscal Rules (National and Supranational), 2012; 2. Number of Countries with Fiscal Rules; Boxes; 1. The 'Fiscal Compact' and the 'Six Pack'-Two New Chapters in EU Fiscal Governance Reform; 3. Selected Economies: Moving to Multiple National Fiscal Rules |
4. Average Number of National Fiscal RulesB. What Types and Combinations of Rules?; 5. Types of Fiscal Rules in Use, 2012; 6. Widespread Combinations of Fiscal Rules in Use, 2012; 7. Regional Differences Regarding the Type of National Fiscal Rules; IV. Key Characteristics; A. Legislative Support; 2. Statutory Basis of Fiscal Rules; 3. Countries with Constitutional Legal Basis; B. Coverage of Government; 8. Statutory Basis of Fiscal Rules by Type of Rule and Economy, 2012; C. Coverage of Aggregate; 4. Coverage of Aggregate; 9. Coverage of Fiscal Rules, 2012; D. Escape Clauses |
E. Automatic Correction Mechanisms5. Fiscal Rules with Escape Clauses; F. Supporting Arrangements; 10. Trends in Fiscal Responsibility Laws; 6. Enforcement of Fiscal Rules through Independent Bodies; V. "The Next-Generation Fiscal Rules:" Responses to the Crisis; 7. Fiscal Rules during the Crisis: Some Examples; 8. Types of Recently Adopted National Fiscal Rules (since 2010); 11. Number of Countries with Budget Balance Rules Accounting for the Cycle; VI. Fiscal Rules Dataset and Fiscal Rules Index; A. Setup of the Dataset; 2. Score by Fiscal Rules Characteristics |
B. Fiscal Rules Index: Methodology and Findings12. Fiscal Rules Sub-indices by Type of Rule; C. Key Findings; 13. Fiscal Rules Sub-indices by Key Characteristics; 14. Overall Fiscal Rules Index; 15. Selected Fiscal Rules Sub-indices by Type of Rule; D. Robustness Checks: Alternative Weighting and Aggregation; 16. Selected Fiscal Rules Sub-indices by Key Characteristics; 9. Spearman's Rank Correlation |
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Coefficients for Various Aggregate Indices; E. Fiscal Rules and Fiscal Performance: Avenues for Future Work; VII. Conclusions; References; Appendixes; 1. Escape Clauses: Country Examples |
2. New Fiscal Rules Adopted since 20103. Country Coverage; 4. Fiscal Rules Index Using Random Weights; Appendix Figure 1. Distribution of the Overall Fiscal Rules Strength Index, 2012; 5. Fiscal Rules and Fiscal Performance: Some Preliminary Statistical Evidence; Appendix Figure 2. Fiscal Rules Strength Index and Change in Debt-to-GDP Ratio; 6. Fiscal Responsibility Laws in Selected Countries: Main Features |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Strengthening fiscal frameworks, in particular fiscal rules, has emerged as a key response to the fiscal legacy of the crisis. This paper takes stock of fiscal rules in use around the world, compiles a dataset - covering national and supranational fiscal rules, in 81 countries from 1985 to end-March 2012 - and presents details about the rules’ key design elements, particularly in support of enforcement. This information is summarized in a set of fiscal rules indices. Three key findings emerge: (i) many new fiscal rules have been adopted and existing ones strengthened in response to the crisis; (ii) the number of fiscal rules and the comprehensiveness of the design features in emerging economies has caught up to those in advanced economies; and (iii) the "next-generation" fiscal rules are increasingly complex as they combine the objectives of sustainability and with the need for flexibility in response to shocks, thereby creating new challenges for implementation, communication, and monitoring. |
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3. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910483176003321 |
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Autore |
Iguchi Masahiko |
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Titolo |
Divergence and Convergence of Automobile Fuel Economy Regulations : A Comparative Analysis of EU, Japan and the US / / by Masahiko Iguchi |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2015 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed. 2015.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (162 p.) |
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Disciplina |
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300 |
320 |
327 |
339.5 |
344.046 |
36370561 |
577.27 |
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Soggetti |
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International relations |
Climatic changes |
Economics |
Comparative government |
Environmental law |
Environmental policy |
International Relations |
Climate Change |
International Political Economy |
Comparative Politics |
Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Chapter 1: introduction -- Chapter 2: Business actors in global environmental governance -- Chapter 3: Construction of European fuel economy regulations for passenger cars -- Chapter 4: Construction of Japanese fuel economy regulations for passenger cars -- Chapter 5: Construction of the US fuel economy regulations for passenger cars -- |
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Chapter 6: Comparative assessment -- Chapter 7: Conclusions. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This book reveals the mechanisms underlying the convergence of car fuel economy regulations in Europe, Japan and the US by drawing upon a constructivist theory of International Relations and law that focuses on business competition and environmental regulations. It offers new understanding of the topic of cars and an issue of climate change, discussing the emerging phenomenon of convergence of fuel economy regulations; addressing the role of business actors in pushing for climate change action; proposing the new model of agency with and beyond states; and providing insightful case studies from Europe, Japan and the US. The opening chapter reviews the automobile industry and global climate change, providing a background for the discussion to follow. Chapter 2, Business Actors and Global Environmental Governance, grounds the discussion in the field of environmental governance. The third chapter is a case study examining the construction and timing of the European Union's climate policies for automobile CO2 emissions, discussing the underlying factors and the actors influencing the policies. The following chapter argues that Japan adopted its stringent fuel economy regulations primarily because of industry competitiveness, motivated by stringent environmental regulations in export markets and encouraged by a tradition of ‘co-regulation’ and ‘corporatism’ to enhance the regulations. Chapter 5 asks why the US, the first country to introduce fuel economy regulations, spent two decades in regulatory stagnation, and discusses how recent US fuel economy regulations came to converge with Japanese and European standards. Chapter 6 compares, contrasts and analyzes fuel economy regulations among the three case studies, and identifies policy implications for the future climate governance for 2015 and beyond. The final chapter explores applicability of the ‘agency with and beyond the state’ model to other sectors, and to climate governance as a whole. |
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