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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910466916903321 |
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Autore |
Mazenot Georges |
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Titolo |
La Likouala-Mossaka : Histoire de la pénétration du Haut Congo 1878-1920 / / Georges Mazenot ; preface D'Henri Brunschwig |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Paris, France : , : Mouton and Company, , 1970 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[Reprint 2017] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (456 pages) |
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Collana |
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Le Monde d'Outre-Mer Passé et Présent / Série Études ; ; 29 |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Frontmatter -- Préface -- Introduction -- Première Partie 1878-1899 -- Chapitre I. La Découverte de la «Licona» et de la «Likouala» -- Chapitre II. Le Problème de la Licona-Nkundja et la Délimitation du Congo Français et de L'état Indépendant -- Chapitre III. Des Postes de L'alima et du Congo au Cercle du Moyen Congo -- Deuxième Partie 1899-1908 -- Chapitre IV. Le «Pays des Anghiés» -- Chapitre V. La Mise en Place du Système Concessionnaire -- Chapitre VI. Les Années Difficiles (1904-1908) -- Troisième Partie 1909-1920 -- Chapitre VII. L'occupation du Bassin de la Likouala-Mossaka (1909-1914) -- Chapitre VIII. Les Rapports Franco-Allemands le Haut Congo Pendant la Guerre -- Chapitre IX. Les Tréchot et la Compagnie Française du Haut Congo -- Chapitre Χ. La Situation en 1920 -- Annexes -- Table des Documents -- Table des Cartes et Croquis -- Table des Matières |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910785528703321 |
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Autore |
Escolano Julio |
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Titolo |
Fiscal Transparency, Fiscal Performance and Credit Ratings / / Julio Escolano, Elif Arbatli Saxegaard |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2012 |
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ISBN |
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1-4755-4315-8 |
1-4755-7136-4 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (34 p.) |
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Collana |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Soggetti |
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Fiscal policy |
Transparency in government |
Budgeting |
Macroeconomics |
Money and Monetary Policy |
Public Finance |
Institutions and the Macroeconomy |
National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General |
Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General |
Fiscal Policy |
Debt |
Debt Management |
Sovereign Debt |
National Budget |
Budget Systems |
Monetary economics |
Public finance & taxation |
Budgeting & financial management |
Fiscal transparency |
Credit ratings |
Fiscal stance |
Public debt |
Budget planning and preparation |
Debts, Public |
Budget |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Cover; Abstract; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Measures Of Fiscal Transparency; Tables; 1. Properties of Fiscal Transparency Indices; 2. Correlation Between Different Transparency Indices; Figures; 1. ROSC Index and GDP Per Capita; 3. Fiscal Transparency and Other Proxies for Transparency; 2. ROSC and OBI Indices; III. Empirical Approach And Data; IV. Results; 3. ROSC Index and Political Competition in Advanced Economies; 4. ROSC Index and Political Competition in Developing Economies; V. Conclusions; 4. Fiscal Transparency, Primary Balance and Public Debt - Advanced Economies Sample |
5. Fiscal Transparency (ROSC Index), Primary Balance and Public Debt - Developing Country Sample6. Fiscal Transparency (OBI Index), Primary Balance and Public Debt - Developing Country Sample; 7. Fiscal Transparency (ROSC Index), Primary Balance and Public Debt - Full Sample; 8. Fiscal Transparency (OBI Index), Primary Balance and Public Debt - Full Sample; 9. Fiscal Transparency and Fiscal Performance - Instrumental Variable Results; 10. Fiscal Transparency and Ratings - Instrumental Variable Results; Appendix Tables; A.1. Numerical Conversion of Sovereign Credit Ratings |
A.2. Data Source and Variable DefinitionsReferences |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This paper investigates the effect of fiscal transparency on market assessments of sovereign risk, as measured by credit ratings. It measures this effect through a direct channel (uncertainty reduction) and an indirect channel (better fiscal policies and outcomes), and it differentiates between advanced and developing economies. Fiscal transparency is measured by an index based on the IMF’s Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSCs). We find that fiscal transparency has a positive and significant effect on ratings, but it works through different channels in advanced and developing economies. In advanced economies the indirect effect of transparency through better fiscal outcomes is more significant whereas for developing economies the direct uncertainty-reducing effect is more relevant. Our results suggest that a one standard deviation improvement in fiscal transparency index is associated with a significant increase in credit ratings: by 0.7 and 1 notches in advanced and developing economies respectively. |
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