Quand le paranormal manipule la science : comment retrouver l'esprit critique / / Serge Larivée

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910797324803321
• Autore: Larivée Serge <1942->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Grenoble : , : Presses Universitaires de France, , [2014]; ©2014
• ISBN: 2-7061-2198-X; 2-7061-2197-1; 2-7061-2333-8
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (248 p.)
• Collana: Points de vue & débats scientifiques
• Disciplina: 133
• Soggetti: Parapsychology and science
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Francese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- TABLE DES MATIERES -- Table des matières 1 -- Table des matières 2 -- Table des matières 3 -- Table des matières 4 -- Introduction -- Chapitre 1 - L'idéal scientifique : distinguons science et pseudosciences -- Les normes de Merton -- Les mécanismes de régulation de la science -- La notion de paradigme -- Le critère de réfutabilité -- Chapitre 2 - L'état des lieux -- L'état des lieux -- Chapitre 3 - Pourquoi les humains sont-ils si attirés par les pseudosciences : des facteurs historiques et d'autres reliés à la nature humaine ? -- Des facteurs historiques. Six méthodes préscientifiques d'acquisition ou de transmission des connaissances. -- La méthode de la ténacité -- La méthode du sens commun -- La méthode du témoignage -- La méthode du consensus -- La méthode de l'autorité -- La méthode de la prédication -- En route vers la méthode scientifique avec celle du raisonnement -- Des facteurs reliés à la nature humaine -- L'homme se satisfait de sa propre pensée parce qu'elle est le produit de son propre cerveau -- Les émotions priment sur la raison -- Le cerveau humain, une machine à générer des croyances et, par conséquent, à fabriquer du sens -- La paréidolie -- L'effet Barnum et son frère jumeau, le biais de confirmation -- Offrir plusieurs possibilités -- Un énoncé bicéphale -- Chapitre 4 - Comment le climat socioculturel et l'éducation contribuent à la promotion des ; pseudosciences -- Le climat socioculturel -- L'écrit -- L'audiovisuel -- L'éducation : les pseudosciences à l'université -- Cinq disciplines -- Quelques exemples inspirés des travaux de Lacan, Dolto et Bettelheim -- Quelques retombées cliniques et sociétales -- Chapitre 5 - Vingt-six procédés utilisés par les défenseurs des pseudosciences -- Le recours à des théories invalidées ou non encore validées.; On ne révise pas la théorie, et pour cause, elle est invérifiable -- Absence d'autocorrections et, par conséquent, de progrès -- Absence de liens avec d'autres disciplines scientifiques -- Argument de l'holisme -- Un énoncé audacieux ne le rend pas nécessairement vrai -- Le recours aux mystères et aux anomalies -- Les métaphores, les analogies et les mythes transformés en preuve -- Quand les affirmations priment sur les démonstrations, l'opinion règne en maître -- Confiance excessive dans les bonnes histoires, les anecdotes et les témoignages -- Les contradictions ne changent rien à la croyance -- L'absence de faits ou de reproduction des résultats confirme aussi la croyance -- Pouvoir explicatif illimité et généralisation abusive -- Utilisation d'un langage « maison » hermétique et de jeux de langage -- Raisonnement circulaire -- Le recours à Galilée -- Le messager est plus important que le message -- Le renversement du fardeau de la preuve -- La science n'explique pas tout -- Confusion entre coïncidence, corrélation et causalité -- La doctrine des vérités multiples : la version ésotérique du relativisme cognitif -- Évitement du processus d'évaluation par les pairs -- Accent mis sur la confirmation plutôt que sur la réfutation -- Usage excessif d'hypothèses ad hoc en vue de se soustraire à la réfutabilité -- Détournement du vocabulaire scientifique -- Du bon et du mauvais usage du doute : les pseudosceptiques à l'œuvre -- Chapitre 6 - Un peu de culture scientifique peut-être ? -- Le rôle des journalistes et des médias -- Le rôle de l'école -- Le rôle des parents -- Conclusion - Entre l'ouverture béante de l'esprit et l'excès de scepticisme, le doute raisonnable -- Bibliographie.
• Sommario/riassunto: Cet ouvrage incisif, qui devrait faire tomber en dépression tous les adeptes des pseudosciences, est une lecture essentielle pour tous les étudiants, notamment des filières de santé (psycho, médecine, etc.). Il apporte les bases de l'esprit critique indispensable à leur future pratique professionnelle. Les professionnels de la santé et le grand public y trouveront également leur compte.

Aspects of mathematical modelling [[electronic resource] ] : applications in science, medicine, economics and management / / Roger J. Hosking, Ezio Venturino, editors

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910784837803321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Basel ; ; Boston, : Birkhäuser, c2008
• ISBN: 1-281-24211-X; 9786611242114; 3-7643-8591-X
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2008.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (372 p.)
• Collana: Mathematics and biosciences in interaction
• Altri autori (Persone): HoskingR. J; VenturinoEzio
• Disciplina: 511/.8
• Soggetti: System analysis - Simulation methods; Science - Mathematical models; Economics - Mathematical models; Management science - Mathematical models
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Mathematical Models of Pattern Formation in Planktonic Predation-Diffusion Systems: A Review -- Toward a General Theory of Ecosystem Stability: Plankton-Nutrient Interaction as a Paradigm -- Nutrient, Non-toxic Phytoplankton, Toxic Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Interaction in an Open Marine System -- Stability and Optimal Harvesting in a Stage Structure Predator-Prey Switching Strategy -- Insecticidal Bt Crops Under Massive Bt-resistant Pest Invasion: Mathematical Simulation -- Reducing the Emission of Pollutants in Industrial Wastewater through the Use of Membrane Bioreactors -- Model Hysteresis Dimer Molecule. I. Equilibrium Properties -- Model Hysteresis Dimer Molecule. II. Deductions from Probability Profiles -- Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Coronary Blood Flow -- Modelling Vaccine Protocols -- Modelling the Response of Intracranial Pressure to Microgravity Environments -- “Noisy Oncology”: Some Caveats in using Gaussian Noise in Mathematical Models of Chemotherapy -- Phylogenetic Analysis, Split Systems and Boolean ; Functions -- Exponential Convergence Analysis of DCNNs having Unbounded Activations and Inhibitory Self-Connections -- The Single-Vendor Multi-Buyer Integrated Inventory Problem: an Heuristic Solution Technique -- A Term Structured Volatility Model of Poll Data and its Application to Election Timing -- Estimation for the Semiparametric Transformation Model under General Censorship -- Integer Programming Models of Bookmobile Routing -- Instability and Sustained Oscillations in Neo-Classical Growth Models with Unemployment -- A Bass-type Model for a Dynamic Market with Logistic Growth -- A Wavelet Neural Network applied to Textile Spinning.
• Sommario/riassunto: The construction of mathematical models is an essential scientific activity. Mathematics has long been associated with developments in the exact sciences and engineering, but more recently mathematical modelling has been used to investigate complex systems that arise in many other fields. The contributors to this book demonstrate the application of mathematics to modern research topics in ecology and environmental science, health and medicine, phylogenetics and neural networks, theoretical chemistry, economics and management. The reader will find some review papers outlining current research directions in hot topics such as pattern formation and applications to medicine, and more targeted research papers on current developments in the various disciplines included. Both should provide insight and inspiration for further work on these subjects. The extensive relevant literature cited in some of the survey expository articles is another feature.

Elephant's edge : the Republicans as a ruling party / / Andrew J. Taylor ; foreword by Norman J. Ornstein

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910963771203321
• Autore: Taylor Andrew J
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Westport, Conn. : , : Praeger Publishers, , c 2005; London : , : Bloomsbury Publishing (UK), , 2024
• ISBN: 9798400644672; 9786612407918; 9782759853632; 2759853632; 9781282407916; 1282407910
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: xvii, 319 p
• Altri autori (Persone): OrnsteinNorman J
• Disciplina: 324.2734/09/0511
• Soggetti: Political parties - United States; United States Politics and government 2001-
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. [253]-301) and index.
• Nota di contenuto: American party politics today -- Uneven playing field: the constitutional and geographical origins of the Republican advantage -- Elephants in the House: after forty years in the wilderness -- Playing the democrats at their own game -- Governing stealthily: Republicans in the states and the courts -- Trapping the donkey: foreign policy as Republican advantage -- Trapping the donkey again: domestic policy as Republican advantage -- The well-oiled machine: the Republican Party organization -- Allied interests, and political money -- Winning hearts and minds: the media and the Republican ideas industry -- Social, economic, and attitudinal change as Republican advantage: public opinion and the politics of wealth, work faith, and race -- The Republicans as a ruling (not majority) party.
• Sommario/riassunto: The Republican Party currently enjoys an edge. The advantage can be seen in Congress, state politics, judicial rulings, foreign and domestic policy, party finances, the media, public attitudes, and economic and demographic developments. Yet the Republicans do not seem capable ; of translating this into a durable electoral majority. Conditions now exist within American politics that will facilitate the establishment of Republican rule. Many of these conditions have ripened during the past decade. They include rules governing elections and campaign finance, shifts in core political values among the public that are consistent with Republican philosophy, and fundamental social and economic changes in American society that are likely to increase the ranks of Republican voters. The author explains in lucid, engaging terms how Republicans have taken control of both houses of Congress and experienced a remarkable resurgence at the state level. He explores how conservatives are utilizing the courts to simultaneously move policy rightward and mobilize sympathetic parts of the electorate. He also examines social and economic changes to show how racial politics, religiosity, and the nature of work and wealth benefit today's Republican Party. Republican rule should not be confused with Republican realignment. These conditions will advantage Republicans in future elections and bring about consistent Republican control of government at all levels-federal, state, and local, executive, legislative, and judicial. However, current conditions do not guarantee the kind of enduring Republican majority many journalists and strategists have predicted. Taylor explains the factors that will prohibit the Republicans from fully exploiting their advantages and dominating American politics the way the Democrats did in the 30 years following the New Deal. These factors include; internal and intractable tensions within the Republican Party, the parties' sophisticated political information gathering strategies, and the innate risk aversion of the campaign industry.