Technology and innovation in Japan : policy and management for the twenty-first century / / edited by Martin Hemmert and Christian Oberländer

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910783973003321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: London ; ; New York : , : Routledge, , 1998
• ISBN: 1-134-65362-X; 0-429-22944-5; 1-134-65363-8; 1-280-11096-1; 0-203-19472-1; 9786610110964
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (275 p.)
• Collana: Routledge studies in the growth economies of Asia ; ; 18
• Altri autori (Persone): HemmertMartin <1964->; OberländerChristian
• Disciplina: 338.95207
• Soggetti: Technology and state - Japan; Technology - Japan - Management
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Book Cover; Title; Contents; List of figures; List of tables; List of contributors; Foreword; Acknowledgements; Introduction; The Japanese system of technology and innovation: preparing for the twenty-first century; Institutional structure and technology policy; Restructuring basic, applied and developmental research: changes in allocation of RD resources; The interaction between technology and economy: has the 'virtuous cycle' of Japan's technological innovation system collapsed?; Organization, management and business-government relations; Higher education in Japan from the perspective of RD; Internationalizing Japanese science Organizational innovation in Japanese basic research: from bureaucracy to dynamic network; The Japanese business system for creation and diffusion of technological knowledge: time for change?; Reorganization of RD in Japanese manufacturing firms: preserving competitiveness for the twenty-first century; Collaborative research in Japan and the West: a case study of ; Britain's response to MITI's Fifth Generation Computer Initiative; Major fields of science and technology; RD in Japan's pharmaceutical industry: the biological revolution, gene therapy and public policy RD consortia in the 1990's: national competitiveness and international cooperation in the case of semiconductors; Japanese nanotechnology; Japanese RD activities in advanced materials: the case of superconductivity research; Index
• Sommario/riassunto: This book demonstrates that long-awaited changes to technology policy and corporate strategy are now taking place in Japan. The study also questions whether it is the programme of reform or the will and ability to implement these reforms which is new. Contributors explore the repositioning of the Japanese science and technology system on three levels:* institutional structure and technology policy* organizational and managerial changes and business-government relations* developments in key technology sectors

Linking Ecosystem Function to Microbial Diversity

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910220057703321
• Autore: John J. Kelly
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Frontiers Media SA, 2016
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (159 p.)
• Collana: Frontiers Research Topics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Sommario/riassunto: Understanding the link between microbial diversity and ecosystem processes is a fundamental goal of microbial ecologists, yet we still have a rudimentary knowledge of how changes in diversity affect nutrient cycling and energy transfer in ecosystems. Due to the complexity of the problem, many published studies on this topic have been conducted in artificial or manipulated systems. Although ; researchers have begun to expose some possible mechanisms using these approaches, most have not yet been able to produce conclusive results that relate directly to natural systems. The few studies that have explored the link between diversity and activity in natural systems have typically focused on specific nutrient cycles or processes, such as nitrification, denitrification, and organic carbon degradation pathways, and the microbes that mediate them. What we have learned from these studies is that there are often strong associations between the physical and chemical features of the environment, the composition of the microbial communities, and their activities, but the rules that govern these associations have not been fully elucidated. These earlier studies of microbial diversity and processes in natural systems provide a framework for additional studies to broaden our understanding of the role of microbial diversity in ecosystem function. The problem is complex, but with recent advances in sequencing technology, -omics, and in-situ measurements of ecosystem processes and their applications to microbial communities, making direct connections between ecosystem function and microbial diversity seems more tractable than ever.