Synchronization and arbitration in digital systems [[electronic resource] /] / David Kinniment

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910145563703321
• Autore: Kinniment D. J (David John)
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hoboken, NJ, : J. Wiley & Sons, 2007
• ISBN: 1-281-31822-1; 9786611318222; 0-470-51714-X; 0-470-51713-1
• Edizione: [1st edition]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (282 p.)
• Disciplina: 621.3815
• Soggetti: Timing circuits - Design and construction; Digital integrated circuits - Design and construction; Synchronization
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Synchronization and Arbitration in Digital Systems; Contents; Preface; List of Contributors; Acknowledgements; 1 Synchronization, Arbitration and Choice; 1.1 INTRODUCTION; 1.2 THE PROBLEM OF CHOICE; 1.3 CHOICE IN ELECTRONICS; 1.4 ARBITRATION; 1.5 CONTINUOUS AND DISCRETE QUANTITIES; 1.6 TIMING; 1.7 BOOK STRUCTURE; Part I; 2 Modelling Metastability; 2.1 THE SYNCHRONIZER; 2.2 LATCH MODEL; 2.3 FAILURE RATES; 2.3.1 Event Histograms and MTBF; 2.4 LATCHES AND FLIP-FLOPS; 2.5 CLOCK BACK EDGE; 3 Circuits; 3.1 LATCHES AND METASTABILITY FILTERS; 3.2 EFFECTS OF FILTERING; 3.3 THE JAMB LATCH; 3.3.1 Jamb Latch Flip-. op3.4 LOW COUPLING LATCH; 3.5 THE Q-FLOP; 3.6 THE MUTEX; 3.7 ROBUST SYNCHRONIZER; 3.8 THE TRI-FLOP; 4 Noise and its Effects; 4.1 NOISE; 4.2 EFFECT OF NOISE ON A SYNCHRONIZER; 4.3 MALICIOUS INPUTS; 4.3.1 Synchronous Systems; 4.3.2 Asynchronous Systems; 5 Metastability Measurements; 5.1 CIRCUIT SIMULATION; 5.1.1 Time Step Control; 5.1.2 Long-term τ; 5.1.3 Using Bisection; 5.2 SYNCHRONIZER FLIP-FLOP TESTING; 5.3 RISING AND FALLING EDGES; 5.4 DELAY-BASED MEASUREMENT; 5.5 ; DEEP METASTABILITY; 5.6 BACK EDGE MEASUREMENT; 5.7 MEASURE AND SELECT; 5.7.1 Failure Measurement; 5.7.2 Synchronizer Selection6 Conclusions Part I; Part II; 7 Synchronizers in Systems; 7.1 LATENCY AND THROUGHPUT; 7.2 FIFO SYNCHRONIZER; 7.3 AVOIDING SYNCHRONIZATION; 7.4 PREDICTIVE SYNCHRONIZERS; 7.5 OTHER LOW-LATENCY SYNCHRONIZERS; 7.5.1 Locally Delayed Latching (LDL); 7.5.2 Speculative Synchronization; 7.5.2.1 Synchronization error detection; 7.5.2.2 Pipelining; 7.5.2.3 Recovery; 7.6 ASYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION MECHANISMS (ACM); 7.6.1 Slot Mechanisms; 7.6.2 Three-slot Mechanism; 7.6.3 Four-slot Mechanism; 7.6.4 Hardware Design and Metastability; 7.7 SOME COMMON SYNCHRONIZER DESIGN ISSUES; 7.7.1 Unsynchronized Paths7.7.1.1 No acknowledge; 7.7.1.2 Unsynchronized reset back edge; 7.7.2 Moving Metastability Out of Sight; 7.7.2.1 Disturbing a metastable latch; 7.7.2.2 The second chance; 7.7.2.3 Metastability blocker; 7.7.3 Multiple Synchronizer Flops; 7.7.3.1 The data synchronizer; 7.7.3.2 The redundant synchronizer; 8 Networks and Interconnects; 8.1 COMMUNICATION ON CHIP; 8.1.1 Comparison of Network Architectures; 8.2 INTERCONNECT LINKS; 8.3 SERIAL LINKS; 8.3.1 Using One Line; 8.3.2 Using Two Lines; 8.4 DIFFERENTIAL SIGNALLING; 8.5 PARALLEL LINKS; 8.5.1 One Hot Codes; 8.5.2 Transition Signalling8.5.3 n of m Codes; 8.5.4 Phase Encoding; 8.5.4.1 Phase encoding sender; 8.5.4.2 Receiver; 8.5.5 Time Encoding; 8.6 PARALLEL SERIAL LINKS; 9 Pausible and Stoppable Clocks in GALS; 9.1 GALS CLOCK GENERATORS; 9.2 CLOCK TREE DELAYS; 9.3 A GALS WRAPPER; 10 Conclusions Part II; Part III; 11 Arbitration; 11.1 INTRODUCTION; 11.2 ARBITER DEFINITION; 11.3 ARBITER APPLICATIONS, RESOURCE ALLOCATION POLICIES AND COMMON ARCHITECTURES; 11.4 SIGNAL TRANSITION GRAPHS, OUR MAIN MODELLING LANGUAGE; 12 Simple Two-way Arbiters; 12.1 BASIC CONCEPTS AND CONVENTIONS; 12.1.1 Two-phase or Non-return-to-zero (NRZ) Protocols
• Sommario/riassunto: Today's networks of processors on and off chip, operating with independent clocks, need effective synchronization of the data passing between them for reliability. When two or more processors request access to a common resource, such as a memory, an arbiter has to decide which request to deal with first. Current developments in integrated circuit processing are leading to an increase in the numbers of independent digital processing elements in a single system. With this comes faster communications, more networks on chip, and the demand for more reliable, more complex, and higher performance sy

B.E.T group bus fleets : the final years / / Jim Blake

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910155081003321
• Autore: Blake Jim
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Barnsley, [England] : , : Pen & Sword Transport, , 2017; ©2017
• ISBN: 1-4738-5729-5; 1-4738-5727-9
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (267 pages) : color illustrations, photographs
• Disciplina: 629.222330942
• Soggetti: Buses - History; Bus travel
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia

Rewriting the soul : multiple personality and the sciences of memory / / Ian Hacking

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910782934203321
• Autore: Hacking Ian
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Princeton, N.J., : Princeton University Press, 1998, c1995
• ISBN: 1-4008-1193-7; 1-282-75223-5; 9786612752230; 1-4008-2168-1
• Edizione: [Course Book]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (347 pages)
• Disciplina: 153.1/2
• Soggetti: Multiple personality - Philosophy; Memory - Social aspects; Multiple personality - Social aspects; Multiple personality - History; Soul - Psychological aspects
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: "1st pbk. print., with corrections".
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 297-328) and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Is It Real? -- What Is It Like? -- The Movement -- Child Abuse -- Gender -- Cause -- Measure -- Truth in Memory -- Schizophrenia -- Before Memory -- Doubling of the Personality -- The Very First Multiple Personality -- Trauma -- The Sciences of Memory -- Memoro-Politics -- Mind and Body -- An Indeterminacy in the Past -- False Consciousness.
• Sommario/riassunto: Twenty-five years ago one could list by name the tiny number of multiple personalities recorded in the history of Western medicine, but today hundreds of people receive treatment for dissociative disorders in every sizable town in North America. Clinicians, backed by a grassroots movement of patients and therapists, find child sexual abuse to be the primary cause of the illness, while critics accuse the "MPD" community of fostering false memories of childhood trauma. Here the distinguished philosopher Ian Hacking uses the MPD epidemic and its links with the contemporary concept of child abuse to scrutinize today's moral and political climate, especially our power struggles ; about memory and our efforts to cope with psychological injuries. What is it like to suffer from multiple personality? Most diagnosed patients are women: why does gender matter? How does defining an illness affect the behavior of those who suffer from it? And, more generally, how do systems of knowledge about kinds of people interact with the people who are known about? Answering these and similar questions, Hacking explores the development of the modern multiple personality movement. He then turns to a fascinating series of historical vignettes about an earlier wave of multiples, people who were diagnosed as new ways of thinking about memory emerged, particularly in France, toward the end of the nineteenth century. Fervently occupied with the study of hypnotism, hysteria, sleepwalking, and fugue, scientists of this period aimed to take the soul away from the religious sphere. What better way to do this than to make memory a surrogate for the soul and then subject it to empirical investigation? Made possible by these nineteenth-century developments, the current outbreak of dissociative disorders is embedded in new political settings. Rewriting the Soul concludes with a powerful analysis linking historical and contemporary material in a fresh contribution to the archaeology of knowledge. As Foucault once identified a politics that centers on the body and another that classifies and organizes the human population, Hacking has now provided a masterful description of the politics of memory : the scientizing of the soul and the wounds it can receive.