1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910782773303321

Autore

Tonry Michael

Titolo

Sentencing Matters [[electronic resource]]

Pubbl/distr/stampa

New York, : Oxford University Press, 1998

ISBN

1-280-47089-5

0-19-802553-X

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (233 p.)

Collana

Studies in crime and public policy Sentencing matters

Disciplina

345.730772

345.730772347.305772

364.65

Soggetti

Sentences (Criminal procedure)

Sentences (Criminal procedure) - United States

Law - U.S

Criminal Law & Procedure - U.S

Law, Politics & Government

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di contenuto

Contents; 1. Sentencing Matters; 2. Reforming Sentencing; 3. The Federal Sentencing Guidelines; 4. Intermediate Sanctions; 5. Mandatory Penalties; 6. Judges and Sentencing Policy; 7. Sentencing Reform in Comparative Perspective; 8. ""What Is to Be Done?""; References; Index

Sommario/riassunto

Michael Tonry, an internationally recognized authority on criminology, offers in these pages a comprehensive overview of current research, policy developments, and practical experiences concerning sentencing and sanctions. He examines the effects of increased penalties and considers whether they have made America a safer place. Tonry contends that in order for sentencing to be fair and effective, comprehensive and defensible policies must be in place and mechanisms must exist to implement those policies. He also looks at mandatory penalties, community sanctions, and sentencing changes in other



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910827211303321

Autore

Simiu Emil

Titolo

Chaotic transitions in deterministic and stochastic dynamical systems : applications of Melnikov processes in engineering, physics, and neuroscience / / Emil Simiu

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Princeton, New Jersey : , : Princeton University Press, , 2002

©2002

ISBN

0-691-05094-5

1-4008-3250-0

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (244 p.)

Collana

Princeton Series in Applied Mathematics

Disciplina

515/.352

Soggetti

Differentiable dynamical systems

Chaotic behavior in systems

Stochastic systems

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

Front matter -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- PART 1. FUNDAMENTALS -- Chapter 2. Transitions in Deterministic Systems and the Melnikov Function -- Chapter 3. Chaos in Deterministic Systems and the Melnikov Function -- Chapter 4. Stochastic Processes -- Chapter 5. Chaotic Transitions in Stochastic Dynamical Systems and the Melnikov Process -- PART 2. APPLICATIONS -- Chapter 6. Vessel Capsizing -- Chapter 7. Open-Loop Control of Escapes in Stochastically Excited Systems -- Chapter 8. Stochastic Resonance -- Chapter 9. Cutoff Frequency of Experimentally Generated Noise for a First-Order Dynamical System -- Chapter 10. Snap-Through of Transversely Excited Buckled Column -- Chapter 11. Wind-Induced Along-Shore Currents over a Corrugated Ocean Floor -- Chapter 12. The Auditory Nerve Fiber as a Chaotic Dynamical System -- Appendix A1 Derivation of Expression for the Melnikov Function -- Appendix A2 Construction of Phase Space Slice through Stable and Unstable Manifolds -- Appendix A3 Topological Conjugacy -- Appendix A4 Properties of Space ∑2 -- Appendix A5 Elements of Probability Theory -- Appendix A6 Mean Upcrossing Rate τu-1 for Gaussian Processes -- Appendix A7



Mean Escape Rate τ∊-1 for Systems Excited by White Noise -- References -- Index

Sommario/riassunto

The classical Melnikov method provides information on the behavior of deterministic planar systems that may exhibit transitions, i.e. escapes from and captures into preferred regions of phase space. This book develops a unified treatment of deterministic and stochastic systems that extends the applicability of the Melnikov method to physically realizable stochastic planar systems with additive, state-dependent, white, colored, or dichotomous noise. The extended Melnikov method yields the novel result that motions with transitions are chaotic regardless of whether the excitation is deterministic or stochastic. It explains the role in the occurrence of transitions of the characteristics of the system and its deterministic or stochastic excitation, and is a powerful modeling and identification tool. The book is designed primarily for readers interested in applications. The level of preparation required corresponds to the equivalent of a first-year graduate course in applied mathematics. No previous exposure to dynamical systems theory or the theory of stochastic processes is required. The theoretical prerequisites and developments are presented in the first part of the book. The second part of the book is devoted to applications, ranging from physics to mechanical engineering, naval architecture, oceanography, nonlinear control, stochastic resonance, and neurophysiology.