1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910782573603321

Titolo

The welfare impact of rural electrification : : a reassessment of the costs and benefits ; an IEG impact evaluation / / World Bank Independent Evaluation Group

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Washington : , : World Bank, , 2008

ISBN

1-281-78739-6

9786611787394

0-8213-7368-4

Descrizione fisica

xx, 154 pages : illustrations (some color) ; ; 28 cm

Disciplina

333.7932091724

Soggetti

Rural electrification - Economic aspects - Developing countries

Rural electrification - Social aspects - Developing countries

Rural electrification - Developing countries

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-154).

Nota di contenuto

Contents; Abbreviations; Acknowledgments; Foreword; Executive Summary; Chairperson's Summary: Committee on Development Effectiveness (CODE); 1 Introduction; 2 World Bank Lending for Rural Electrification; Figure 2.1 A Growing Number of Rural Electrification Projects Are in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa; Figure 2.2 Increased Energy Supply and Institutional Development Account for the Largest Share of Objectives; Figure 2.3 Gender Issues Are Increasingly Taken into Account but Still Affect the Design of Only a Minority of Energy Projects; 3 Who Benefits from Rural Electrification?

Figure 3.1 Pattern of Electrification Favors the Non-Poor, but This Bias Generally Reduces over Time as Electrification Coverage ExpandsFigure 3.2 Share of Poor of On-Grid Electricity Consumption Is Low; Box 3.1 Successful RE through a Multisectoral CDD Project; Box 3.2 Selection of Projects under the Peru Rural Electrification Project; Box 3.3 Chile Rural Electrification Fund; Figure 3.3 A Large Proportion of Households Connect to the Grid Immediately after It Becomes Available . . . But Some Remain Unconnected after Many Years

Table 3.1 Relative Price of Grid, Off-Grid, and Kerosene (/kWh) for



Selected CountriesBox 3.4 India's Experience with the Single Point Light Connection Scheme: Kutir Jyoti; Box 3.5 Overcoming the Connection Cost Barrier; Box 3.6 Poor Communication of Tariff Structures Can Disadvantage the Poor; 4 What Is Electricity Used for in Rural Areas?; Figure 4.1 The Energy Ladder; Figure 4.2 Nearly All Projects Provide Residential Connections, but also Other Connections for Productive Purposes; Box 4.1 The Cold Chain; Figure 4.3 Pattern of Consumption in Rural Households (Distribution Total kWh)

Box 4.2 Electrification and Worker Absenteeism in the Social Sector5 The Benefits of Rural Electrification; Box 5.1 Shedding Light on Lumens; Figure 5.1 Consumer Surplus; Figure 5.2 Producer Surplus; Table 5.1 Willingness to Pay Calculation for Lighting; Table 5.2 Willingness to Pay Calculation for TV; Box 5.2 The Health Risk of Candles; Table 5.3 Fertility Impact of Electrification; Table 5.4 Hours Watching TV by Electrification Status; Box 5.3 Micro Home Enterprises; Table 5.5 Rural Electrification Benefits (US per Household per Month); Figure 5.3 Willingness to Pay Exceeds Supply Cost

Box 5.4 Technical Problems Reduce the Benefits from Off-Grid Investments6 Conclusion and Lessons Learned; Appendixes; Endnotes; Bibliography

Sommario/riassunto

Rural electrification can have many benefits-not only bringing lighting, but improving the quality of health care, spreading information and supporting productive enterprises. The extent of these benefits has been questioned, arguing that they may be insufficient to justify the investment costs. This book quantifies these benefits. It finds that the benefits can indeed be high, substantially outweighing the costs, and that consumer willingness to pay is generally sufficient to achieve financial sustainability. However, benefits could be increased further by providing smart subsidies to assist



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910954385003321

Autore

Miteva Maria A

Titolo

In silico lead discovery / / by Maria A. Miteva

Pubbl/distr/stampa

[Saif Zone, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates], : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., [2011]

ISBN

9781608051427

1608051420

Edizione

[1st ed.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (201 p.)

Disciplina

615/.19

Soggetti

Drug development

Drug development - Computer simulation

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

01 Title.pdf; 02 Cover Page; 03 eBooks End User License Agreement-Website; 04 Content; 05 Foreword_Grigirov; 06 Preface_Miteva; 07 Contributors_Proposal_forEbook-MariaMiteva; 08 Chapter 1 Lagorce_et al_revised 2; 09 Chapter 2 Sperandio_et al_revised 2; 10 Chapter 3 Guyon_Tuffery_corrected 2; 11 Chapter 4 Todorov_corrected 2; 12 Chapter 5 Alexov_revised 2; 13 Chapter 6 Miteva_revised 2; 14 Chapter 7 Roche-revised 2; 15 Chapter 8 Pajeva_Wiese_revised 2; 16 Chapter 9 Moro_revised 2; 17 Chapter 10 Lee; 18 Index

Sommario/riassunto

Computer-aided drug design and in silico screening have contributed to the discovery of several compounds that have either reached the market or entered clinical trials. In silico Lead Discovery is a compilation of the efforts of several experts on bioinformatics and drug design in developing the latest advances of in silico approaches for lead discovery. It contains an overview of structure-based, ligand-based methods and current fragment-based methods as well as examples for successful applications of such methods in discovering new hit/lead molecules for important therapeutic targets. Treat