Advances in farm animal genomic resources [[electronic resource] /] / edited by: Stéphane Joost, Michael W. Bruford, Ina Curik, Juha Kantanen, Johannes A. Lenstra, Johann Sölkner ... [and 6 others]

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910136804103321
• Autore: Philippe V. Baret
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Frontiers Media SA, 2016; [Lausanne, Switzerland] : , : Frontiers Media SA, , 2016; ©2016
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (293 pages) : illustrations; digital, PDF file(s)
• Collana: Frontiers Research Topics
• Soggetti: Cattle - Genetics; Cattle - Genome mapping; Livestock - Conservation; Livestock - Genetics; Biodiversity
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Sommario/riassunto: The history of livestock started with the domestication of their wild ancestors: a restricted number of species allowed to be tamed and entered a symbiotic relationship with humans. In exchange for food, shelter and protection, they provided us with meat, eggs, hides, wool and draught power, thus contributing considerably to our economic and cultural development. Depending on the species, domestication took place in different areas and periods. After domestication, livestock spread over all inhabited regions of the earth, accompanying human migrations and becoming also trade objects. This required an adaptation to different climates and varying styles of husbandry and resulted in an enormous phenotypic diversity. Approximately 200 years ago, the situation started to change with the rise of the concept of breed. Animals were selected for the same visible characteristics, and crossing with different phenotypes was reduced. This resulted in the formation of different breeds, mostly genetically isolated from other ; populations. A few decades ago, selection pressure was increased again with intensive production focusing on a limited range of types and a subsequent loss of genetic diversity. For short-term economic reasons, farmers have abandoned traditional breeds. As a consequence, during the 20th century, at least 28% of farm animal breeds became extinct, rare or endangered. The situation is alarming in developing countries, where native breeds adapted to local environments and diseases are being replaced by industrial breeds. In the most marginal areas, farm animals are considered to be essential for viable land use and, in the developing world, a major pathway out of poverty. Historic documentation from the period before the breed formation is scarce. Thus, reconstruction of the history of livestock populations depends on archaeological, archeo-zoological and DNA analysis of extant populations. Scientific research into genetic diversity takes advantage of the rapid advances in molecular genetics. Studies of mitochondrial DNA, microsatellite DNA profiling and Y-chromosomes have revealed details on the process of domestication, on the diversity retained by breeds and on relationships between breeds. However, we only see a small part of the genetic information and the advent of new technologies is most timely in order to answer many essential questions. High-throughput single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping is about to be available for all major farm animal species. The recent development of sequencing techniques calls for new methods of data management and analysis and for new ideas for the extraction of information. To make sense of this information in practical conditions, integration of geo-environmental and socio-economic data are key elements. The study and management of farm animal genomic resources (FAnGR) is indeed a major multidisciplinary issue.The goal of the present Research Topic is to collect contributions of high scientific quality relevant to biodiversity management, and applying new methods to either new genomic and bioinformatics approaches for characterization of FAnGR, to the development of FAnGR conservation methods applied ex-situ and in-situ, to socio-economic aspects of FAnGR conservation, to transfer of lessons between wildlife and livestock biodiversity conservation, and to the contribution of FAnGR to a transition in agriculture (FAnGR and agro-ecology).

The Muslim brotherhood [[electronic resource] ] : Hasan al-Hudaybi and ideology / / Barbara H.E. Zollner

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910782438603321
• Autore: Zollner Barbara H. E. <1968->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: London ; ; New York, : Routledge, 2009
• ISBN: 1-134-07767-X; 1-281-93225-6; 9786611932251; 0-203-88843-X
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (213 p.)
• Collana: Routledge studies in political Islam
• Classificazione: 15.75; 11.84
• Disciplina: 297; 297.272; 322.4/20962
• Soggetti: Islam and politics; Opposition (Political science)
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. [185]-198) and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Book Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Acknowledgements; Introduction; 1 The Muslim Brotherhood during the years 1949-73; 2 The discourse of the prison years: Radical ideas and moderate responses; 3 Preachers not Judges; Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography; Index
• Sommario/riassunto: The Muslim Brotherhood is one of the most influential Islamist organisations today. Based in Egypt, its network includes branches in many countries of the Near and Middle East. Although the organisation has been linked to political violence in the past, it now proposes a politically moderate ideology.The book provides an in-depth analysis of the Muslim Brotherhood during the years of al-Hudaybi's leadership, and how he sought to steer the organization away from the radical wing, inspired by Sayyid Qutb, into the more moderate Islamist organization it is today. It is his legacy

RF/microwave interaction with biological tissues / / Andre Vander Vorst, Arye Rosen, Youji Kotsuka

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911019219803321
• Autore: Vorst A. vander (Andre), <1935->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hoboken, N.J., : John Wiley & Sons, : IEEE Press, c2006
• ISBN: 9786610349678; 9781280349676; 1280349670; 9780470247129; 0470247126; 9780471752059; 0471752053; 9781615836154; 1615836152; 9780471752042; 0471752045
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (346 p.)
• Collana: Wiley series in microwave and optical engineering
• Altri autori (Persone): RosenArye; KotsukaY <1941-> (Youji)
• Disciplina: 537.5344; 612.01448; 612/.01448
• Soggetti: Radio waves - Physiological effect; Microwaves - Physiological effect; Microwave heating - Therapeutic use
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Preface. -- Introduction. -- 1 Fundamentals of Electromagnetics. -- 1.1 RF and Microwave Frequency Ranges. -- 1.2 Fields. -- 1.3 Electromagnetics. -- 1.4 RF and Microwave Energy. -- 1.5 Penetration in Biological Tissues and Skin Effect. -- 1.6 Relaxation, Resonance, and Display. -- -- 1.7 Dielectric Measurements. -- 1.8 Exposure. -- References. -- Problems. -- 2 RF/Microwave Interaction Mechanisms in ; Biological Materials. -- 2.1 Bioelectricity. -- 2.2 Tissue Characterization. -- 2.3 Thermodynamics. -- 2.4 Energy. -- References. -- Problems. -- 3 Biological Effects. -- 3.1 Absorption. -- 3.2 Nervous System. -- 3.3 Cells and Membranes. -- 3.4 Molecular Level. -- 3.5 Low-Level Exposure and ELF Components. -- 3.6 Ear, Eye, and Heart. -- 3.7 Influence of Drugs. -- 3.8 Nonthermal, Microthermal, and Isothermal Effects. -- 3.9 Epidemiology Studies. -- 3.10 Interferences. -- 3.11 Radiation Hazards and Exposure Standards. -- References. -- Problems 150 -- 4 Thermal Therapy. -- 4.1 Introduction to Thermotherapy. -- 4.2 Heating Principle. -- 4.3 Hyperthermia. -- 4.4 Method of Thermometry. -- References. -- Problems. -- 5 EM Wave Absorbers Protecting Biological and Medical Environment. -- 5.1 Foundation of EM Wave Absorbers. -- 5.2 Classification of Wave Absorbers. -- 5.3 Fundamental Principle. -- 5.4 Fundamental Theory of EM Wave Absorbers. -- 5.5 Application of EM Absorber. -- 5.6 EM Wave Absorbers Based on Equivalent Transformation Method of Material Constant. -- 5.7 Method for Improving RF Field Distribution in a Small Room. -- References. -- Problems. -- 6 RF/Microwave Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Applications. -- 6.1 Introduction. -- 6.2 Transmission Lines and Waveguides for Medical Applications. -- 6.3 Antennas. -- 6.4 RF and Microwave Ablation. -- 6.5 Perfusion Chamber. -- 6.6 RF Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. -- 6.7 Endometrial Ablation. -- 6.8 Microwave Measurement Techniques: Examples. -- 6.9 Future Research. -- References. -- Problems. -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: From engineering fundamentals to cutting-edge clinical applications This book examines the biological effects of RF/microwaves and their medical applications. Readers will discover new developments in therapeutic applications in such areas as cardiology, urology, surgery, ophthalmology, and oncology. The authors also present developing applications in such areas as cancer detection and organ imaging. Focusing on frequency ranges from 100 kHz to 10 GHz, RF/Microwave Interaction with Biological Tissues is divided into six chapters: * Fundamentals in Electromagnetics--examines penetration of RF/microwaves into biological tissues; skin effect; relaxation effects in materials and the Cole-Cole model (display); the near field of an antenna; blackbody radiation and the various associated laws; and microwave measurements. * RF/Microwave Interaction Mechanisms in Biological Materials--includes a section devoted to the fundamentals of thermodynamics and a discussion on energy and entropy. * Biological Effects--investigates the effects of radio frequency fields on the nervous system, the brain and spinal cord, the blood-brain barrier, and cells and membranes. * Thermal Therapy--includes a description of applicators and an extensive discussion on the foundation of dielectric heating and inductive heating. * EM-Wave Absorbers Protecting the Biological and Medical Environment--investigates materials for EM-wave absorbers from both a theoretical and applications perspective. Special attention is given to ferrite absorbers. * RF/Microwave Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Applications--begins with the fundamental features of major components used in RF/microwave delivery systems for therapeutic applications. New research towards the development of future measurement techniques is also presented. The book features problem sets at the end of each chapter, making it an excellent introduction for bioengineering and engineering students. Researchers, physicians, and technicians in the field will also find this an excellent reference that offers all the fundamentals, the most cutting-edge applications, and insight into future developments. An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is ; available from the Wiley editorial department.