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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910454878603321 |
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Titolo |
Border security in the Al-Qaeda era / / edited by John A. Winterdyk, Kelly W. Sundberg |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Boca Raton, : CRC Press, ©2010 |
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ISBN |
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0-367-80289-9 |
1-282-29364-8 |
9786612293641 |
1-4200-8546-8 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (422 p.) |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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WinterdykJohn |
SundbergKelly W |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Freedom of movement (International law) |
Border security |
Boundaries |
Electronic books. |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Front cover; Table of Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Editors; Contributors; Introduction; Section I: North America; Chapter 1. Shifts in Canadian Border Security; Chapter 2. United States Border Security after 9/11; Section II: The European Union; Chapter 3. Protecting the Borders in a Global Society: Au Austrian and American Perspective; Chapter 4. National Borders, Surveillance, and Counter-Terrorism Tools in France before and after 9/11; Chapter 5. Border Security in Germany since 9/11; Chapter 6. Italy and Border Security in the Post-9/11 Era |
Chapter 7. Border Security in the United Kingdom: A Contradiction in Terms?Section III: The Middle East and Oceania; Chapter 8. Australia and Border Protection: Morphing Racial Exclusion into Terror[ism]; Chapter 9. Iran-Borders of an Islamic Republic in the Middle East; Chapter 10. Epilogue: The Future Borders; Index; Back cover |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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The events of 9/11 and other ongoing terrorist threats have taken interest in national security and border security to a heightened level of concern. An exploration of the trends and transformation of border |
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security in the aftermath of 9/11, Border Security in the Al-Qaeda Era presents one of the first comprehensive analyses of not only the impact and consequence of 9/11 on border security but also its effects within the broader international context.Featuring contributions by an array of international experts, this volume explores border security in nine countries, ranging from those with conventional practices to those with approaches that represent the antithesis of the western world. It compares security measures in countries identified by Osama bin Laden in the post-9/11 era as potential targets for attack with a few that were not directly identified. For each country profiled, the authors provide, among other information:An overview of the history of terrorism and the extent of any suspected terrorist activity since 9/11The definition of terrorism A description of how terrorist data is handled by border securityAn overview of border security operationsThe impact of changes to border security on the movement of citizens, goods, and foreignersSteps taken to improve national security and the impact on citizensThe impact of border security changes on the sense of sovereigntyWhile many of the challenges each country faces are similar, the authors demonstrate that there are differing approaches given the history, culture, geography, and politics of the various countries profiled. Steeped in the knowledge of scholars from the countries represented, this volume puts a criminological focus on border security and its role in the context of counterterrorism. This information can then be used |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910779330703321 |
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Titolo |
Tax Composition and Growth : : A Broad Cross-Country Perspective |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2012 |
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ISBN |
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1-4755-2101-4 |
1-61635-917-X |
1-283-86689-7 |
1-4755-3473-6 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (37 p.) |
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Collana |
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IMF Working Papers |
IMF working paper ; ; WP/12/257 |
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Soggetti |
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Taxation |
Finance, Public |
Public Finance |
Fiscal Policy |
Efficiency |
Optimal Taxation |
Measurement of Economic Growth |
Aggregate Productivity |
Cross-Country Output Convergence |
Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies |
Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General |
Business Taxes and Subsidies |
Public finance & taxation |
Property & real estate |
Consumption taxes |
Income tax systems |
Income and capital gains taxes |
Property tax |
Revenue administration |
Taxes |
Income tax |
Spendings tax |
Revenue |
Argentina |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Cover; Content; I. Introduction; II. The Dataset; III. Tax Structure and Development; Figures; 1. Tax Revenue and Income Levels; 2. Tax Revenue and Income Levels: Disaggregated Analysis; 3. Long-Run Trends in Total Tax Revenue; 4. Trends in Tax Revenue: Disaggregated Analysis; 5. Trends in Tax Composition; IV. Empirical Strategy; V. Tax Composition and Growth I: Full Sample; VI. Tax Composition and Growth II: High, Middle and Low-Income Countries; VII. Endogeneity Checks; VIII. Concluding Remarks; References; Tables; 1. Estimation Results, Full Sample |
2. Comparing Estimation Methods: PMG, MG, and DFE Estimates3. Estimation Results, The Income-Tax Share and Growth, HICs, MICs, and LICs; 4. Estimation Results, The Consumption-and-Property-Tax Share and Growth, HICs, MICs, and LICs; 5. Test of Weak Exogeneity, The Number of Countries with Potential Endogeneity Problem; 6. Estimation Results, Full Sample, After Excluding Countries with; 7. Estimation Results, The Income-Tax Share, HICs, MICs, and LICs, After Excluding Countries with Potential Endogeneity Problem |
8. Estimation Results, The Consumption-and-Property-Tax Share, HICs, MICs, LICs, After Excluding Countries with Potential Endogeneity ProblemAnnexes; I. Construction of the GFS Dataset; II. Definition of Tax Variables; III. The Underlying Error Correction Model; IV. Regression Analysis Considering the Output Level; Annex Tables; Annex Table 1. Tax Composition and Income Level, in Comparison with Arnold et al (2011); V. Summary Statistics; Annex Table 2. Summary Statistics of Tax Variables; Annex Table 3. Summary Statistics of Other Variables |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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We investigate the relation between changes in tax composition and long-run economic growth using a new dataset covering a broad cross-section of countries with different income levels. We specifically consider 69 countries with at least 20 years of observations on total tax revenue during the period 1970-2009—21 high-income, 23 middle-income and 25 low-income countries. To our knowledge this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date dataset on tax composition and growth. We find that increasing income taxes while reducing consumption and property taxes is associated with slower growth over the long run. We also find that: (1) among income taxes, social security contributions and personal income taxes have a stronger negative association with growth than corporate income taxes; (2) a shift from income taxes to property taxes has a strong positive association with growth; and (3) a reduction in income taxes while increasing value added and sales taxes is also associated with faster growth. |
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