Balancing the national interest [[electronic resource] ] : U.S. national security export controls and global economic competition / / Panel on the Impact of National Security Controls on International Technology Transfer, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910778781803321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1987
• ISBN: 1-280-22150-X; 9786610221509; 0-309-54270-7; 0-585-16844-X
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (368 p.)
• Disciplina: 337.73
• Soggetti: Technology transfer - Government policy - United States; Export controls - United States; National security - United States; United States Foreign economic relations
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Includes index.
• Nota di bibliografia: Bibliography: p. 297-309.
• Nota di contenuto: ""Balancing The National Interest""; ""Copyright""; ""Sponsors""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""Executive Summary""; ""ABSTRACT""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""THE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROBLEM""; ""THE CURRENT NATIONAL SECURITY EXPORT CONTROL REGIME""; ""ASSESSMENT OF THE CRITICAL ISSUES""; ""FINDINGS AND KEY JUDGMENTS OF THE PANEL""; ""I. The Practical Basis for National Security Export Controls""; ""II. Considerations Influencing National Policy""; ""III. Soviet Technology Acquisition Efforts in the West""; ""IV. Diffusion and Transfer of technical Capability""; ""V. Foreign Availability and Foreign Control of Technology""""VI. Effectiveness of the Multilateral Process""; ""VII. Administration of U.S. National Security Export Control Policies and Procedures""; ""RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PANEL""; ""I. Strengthen the Cocom ; Mechanism""; ""II. Accord Greater Importance in U.S. National Security Export Control Decisions to Maintaining Technological Strength...""; ""1 Introduction""; ""THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM""; ""The Technology-Security Nexus""; ""The Current Challenge""; ""ORIGINS AND MANDATE OF THE STUDY""; ""SCOPE OF THE PANEL'S WORK""; ""FOCUS OF THE STUDY""""ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT""; ""NOTES""; ""2 Evidence on the Technology Transfer Problem""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""INTELLIGENCE EVIDENCE ON SOVIET TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION""; ""ESPIONAGE""; ""DIVERSIONS""; ""LEGAL SALES""; ""THE SIGNIFICANCE OF VARIOUS CHANNELS OF LOSS""; ""SOVIET UTILIZATION OF ACQUIRED WESTERN TECHNOLOGY""; ""THE STATE OF SOVIET SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 8""; ""IMPLICATIONS OF INTELLIGENCE EVIDENCE""; ""NOTES""; ""3 The Changing Global Economic and Technological Environment""; ""CHANGES IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKETPLACE""; ""GROWING U.S. INTERACTION IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY""""THE CHALLENGE TO U.S HIGH-TECHNOLOGY LEADERSHIP""; ""CoCom Countries""; ""Non-CoCom Countries""; ""NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZING COUNTRIES""; ""NOTES""; ""4 The Dimensions of National Security Export Controls""; ""HISTORICAL BACKGROUND""; ""World War II Origins and the Early Postwar Years""; ""The Export Control Act of 1949 and the Establishment of CoCom""; ""The New Role of Science and Technology in Postwar U.S. Defense Strategy""; ""Detente and the Export Administration Act of 1969""; ""U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY EXPORT CONTROLS""; ""Controls on Munitions""""Controls on Dual Use Products and Technologies""; ""Dual Use Products""; ""General Licenses""; ""Validated Licenses""; ""Controls on Technical Data""; ""Reexport Controls""; ""Penalties for Violations""; ""ADMINISTRATION OF U.S. CONTROLS""; ""MULTILATERAL NATIONAL SECURITY EXPORT CONTROLS""; ""THE CONTROL SYSTEMS OF OTHER WESTERN NATIONS""; ""NOTES""; ""5 An Assessment of U.S. National Security Export Controls""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""EFFECTIVENESS OF NATIONAL SECURITY EXPORT CONTROLS""; ""Intelligence and Enforcement Evidence""; ""Compliance""; ""Discrimination in Licensing and Enforcement""