A risk-management strategy for PCB-contaminated sediments [[electronic resource] /] / Committee on Remediation of PCB-Contaminated Sediments, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Division on Life and Earth Studies, National Research Council

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910778605903321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C. ; ; [Great Britain], : National Academy Press, c2001
• ISBN: 0-309-13301-7; 1-280-18507-4; 9786610185078; 0-309-58873-1
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (452 p.)
• Disciplina: 363.7384
• Soggetti: Contaminated sediments - Environmental aspects - United States; Polychlorinated biphenyls - Environmental aspects - United States
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: "This project was supported by Grant No. R 827175-01 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"-T.p. verso.
• Nota di contenuto: Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- Background -- The Committee's Task -- The Committee's Approach -- Major Conclusions and Recommendations -- Discussion -- 1 Introduction -- Overview of PCBs In Sediments -- The Committee's Task -- The Committee's Approach -- Report Organization -- Reference -- 2 PCBs In The Environment -- Defining PCBs -- History of PCBs -- Distribution and Dynamics of PCBs In The Environment -- Potential Exposure Pathways -- Toxicity of PCBs -- Mode of Actionpotential Human Health Effects of PCBs -- The Potential Ecological Impacts of PCBs -- Weathering of PCBs -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 3 The Framework -- Risk-Management Framework -- Rationale For and Advantages of the Framework -- Outline of the Risk-Management Framework -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 4 Community Involvement -- Specific Community Concerns -- Defining The Community -- "Stakeholders" versus "Affected Parties" -- The ; need for Community Involvement -- Benefits of Community Involvement -- Involving The Community -- Build A Working Relationship With The Community -- Establish Trust and Respect Between All Parties -- Involve the Community as a Respected Partner -- Empowerment -- Communication -- Commitment -- Process Transparency -- Community Outreach and Education -- The Role of Regulatory Agencies -- Mechanisms For Involving The Community -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 5 Defining The Problem and Setting Management Goals -- Defining The Problem -- Public Health Problems -- Ecological Problems - social Impacts -- Cultural Impacts -- Economic Impacts -- Site Assessment -- Sources of PCBs -- Characterization of Present Contamination -- Co-Contaminants -- Setting Risk-Management Goals -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 6 Analyzing Risks -- Environmental Risk Assessment -- Problem Formulation -- Analysis Phase -- PCB Exposure Assessment -- Field Monitoring -- Accumulation of PCBs In Sediments -- Accumulation of PCBs In Benthic Organisms and Fish -- PCB Exposure Models -- Hydrodynamic Transport -- Sediment Transport -- Organic Carbon -- PCB Transport and Fate -- PCB Bioaccumulation -- Summary of Exposure Modeling Results -- PCB Effects Assessment -- Congener-Specific Exposure and Effects -- Toxicity Equivalent Values -- Biota-Sediment-Accumulation-Factor Values -- Effects of PCBs on Wildlife -- Toxicity Results For Lower Trophic Organisms -- Toxicity Results For Fish -- Toxicity Results For Birds -- Toxicity Results For Nonhuman Mammals -- Summary of Effects In Wildlife -- Human Health Effects From PCBs -- Cancer -- Limitations of Human Health Risk Assessments For PCBs.