Ancient graffiti in context / / edited by J.A. Baird and Claire Taylor

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910459464603321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York : , : Routledge, , 2011
• ISBN: 1-136-89463-2; 1-136-89464-0; 1-282-92995-X; 9786612929953; 0-203-84087-9
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (260 p.)
• Collana: Routledge studies in ancient history ; ; v. 2
• Altri autori (Persone): BairdJennifer A. <1978->; TaylorClaire <1978->
• Disciplina: 080.9
• Soggetti: Civilization, Ancient; Classical antiquities; Graffiti - History; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Book Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Tables; Figures; Abbreviations; Preface; 1 Ancient Graffi ti in Context: Introduction; 2 Dialogues of Graffiti in the House of the Four Styles at Pompeii (Casa Dei Quattro Stili, I.8.17, 11); 3 The Graffiti of Dura-Europos: A Contextual Approach; 4 Identifying Children's Graffiti in Roman Campania: A Developmental Psychological Approach; 5 Graffiti and the Epigraphic Habit: Creating Communities and Writing Alternate Histories in Classical Attica; 6 Transcripts of Dissent?: Political Graffiti and Elite Ideology Under the Principate; 7 The Materiality of Graffiti: Socialising a Lekythos in Pherai8 Egyptian 'Inscriptions' and Greek 'Graffiti' at El Kanais in the Egyptian Eastern Desert; 9 Blogging Rome: Graffiti as Speech-Act and Cultural Discourse; 10 Graffiti in Aphrodisias: Images-Texts-Contexts; Contributors; Bibliography; Index
• Sommario/riassunto: Graffiti are ubiquitous within the ancient world, but remain ; underexploited as a form of archaeological or historical evidence. They include a great variety of texts and images written or drawn inside and outside buildings, in public and private places, on monuments in the city, on objects used in daily life, and on mountains in the countryside. In each case they can be seen as actively engaging with their environment in a variety of ways. Ancient Graffiti in Context interrogates this cultural phenomenon and by doing so, brings it into the mainstream of ancient history and archaeol

Public finance in China : : reform and growth for a harmonious society / / edited by Jiwei Lou, Shuilin Wang

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910778244603321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C. : , : World Bank, , c2008
• ISBN: 1-281-19142-6; 9786611191429; 0-8213-6928-8
• Descrizione fisica: xxviii, 369 pages : illustrations ; ; 23 cm
• Altri autori (Persone): LouJiwei <1950->; WangShuilin
• Disciplina: 336.51
• Soggetti: Finance, Public - China; China Social policy
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Contents; Foreword by James W.Adams; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contributors; Abbreviations; 1 Overview; Part I: Role of the State and Public Finances; Table 2.1 Government Revenue and Expenditure as a Percentage of GDP, 1978-2004; Table 2.2 Off-Budget Revenues and Expenditures as a Percentage of Total Budget Revenues and Expenditures, 1989-2003; Table 2.3 Central Government Share of Budgetary Revenue and Expenditure, 1978-2004; Table 2.4 Composition of Government Budgetary Expenditure,1978-2004; Table 2.5 Government Expenditure on Education and Health as a ; Percentage of Total Expenditure, 2000-03Figure 2.1 Rural/Urban Income Inequality, 1978-2005; Table 3.1 Subnational Government Share of Total Government Revenue and Expenditure, in China and Groups of Other Countries; Table 3.2 Revenues and Expenditures, by Level of Governmentin China, 1993-2003; Figure 3.1 Within-Province Disparities in per Capita Expenditure across Counties, 2003; Figure 3.2 Per Capita Expenditures by Province, and Minimum National Standards under Current and Perfect Equalization, 2003; Figure 3.3 Relation between Investment Climate and Social and Environmental Conditions in China, 2005Figure 4.1 Central Government Fiscal Revenues, Expenditures, and Balances, 1998-2005; Table 4.1 Value Added Tax Rates in Selected Countries; Table 4.2 Corporate Income Tax Rates, Yields, and Productivity in Selected Economies, 2002; Table 4.3 Main Differences between Enterprise Income Tax Lawson Domestic and Foreign-Invested Enterprises; Table 4.4 Personal Income Tax Rates, Yields, and Productivity in Selected Economies, 2002; Table 4.5 Shares of Central and Local Government Spending, by Expenditure Category, 2004Table 4.6 Spending on Education and Health in Selected Economies, 2004; Part II: Fiscal Reform and Revenue Assignments; Table 5.1 Shares of Total Expenditure by Governments at Different Levels, by Expenditure Category, 2003; Table 5.2 Extrabudgetary Spending by Subnational Governments,1998-2002; Table 5.3 Extrabudgetary and Budgetary Expenditure for Consolidated Local Governments, 1985-2002; Table 5.4 Per Capita Expenditure Disparities across Provinces, 1990-2003; Table 5.5 Public per Capita Expenditure for Selected Items, by Province, 2003Figure 6.1 Central, Local, and Total Government Revenues, 1980-2005; Table 6.1 Sources of Tax Revenues of Local Governments in Selected Federal Countries, 2001; Table 6.2 Sources of Tax Revenues of Local Governments in Selected Unitary Countries, 2001; Table 6.3 Taxing Powers of Subnational Governments in Selected OECD Countries, 1995; Figure 6.2 Provincial Revenue Losses from C-VAT Reform, Base-Case Scenario; Table 6.4 Effect of Revising VAT Revenue-Sharing Rules; Figure 6.3 Provincial Revenue Losses from Extension of VAT to Services
• Sommario/riassunto: This book brings together analysis and insights from high-level Chinese policy-makers and prominent international scholars in addressing the key challenges China is facing in maintaining rapid growth and achieving the Government's stated goal of creating a harmonious society. It analyzes such key policy issues as: public finance and the changing role of the state; fiscal reform and revenue and expenditure assignments; inter-governmental relations and fiscal transfers; and financing and delivery of basic public goods such as compulsory education, innovation, public health, and social protection