Preventing the forward contamination of Europa [[electronic resource] /] / Task Group on the Forward Contamination of Europa, Space Studies Board, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, National Research Council

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910777450803321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, c2000
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (53 p.)
• Disciplina: 523.985
• Soggetti: Space vehicles - Sterilization; Microbial contamination - Europa (Satellite); Europa (Satellite)
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: "Support for this project was provided by Contract NASW 96013 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration"--P. [ii].
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: ""Preventing the Forward Contamination of Europa""; ""Copyright""; ""Foreword""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""Executive Summary""; ""1 Planetary Protection Policies""; ""HISTORY""; ""PROTECTING MARS""; ""BOX 1.1 VIKINGâ€?S APPROACH TO BIOLOAD REDUCTION""; ""Presterilization""; ""Sterilization""; ""REFERENCES""; ""2 Europa""; ""EUROPA EXPLORATION STRATEGY""; ""EUROPAâ€?S RADIATION ENVIRONMENT""; ""REFERENCES""; ""3 Life in Extreme Environments""; ""EXTREMOPHILES""; ""EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS""; ""REFERENCES""; ""4 Sterilization and Cleaning Methods""; ""CLEANING AND STERILIZATION STANDARDS""; ""ACHIEVING THE STANDARDS""""BOX 4.1 CURRENT CLEAN-ROOM PROCEDURES""; ""REFERENCE""; ""5 Microbial Detection and Identification""; ""REFERENCES""; ""6 Recommended Planetary Protection Strategy for Europa""; ""PLANETARY PROTECTION STRATEGY FOR EUROPA""; ""MAJORITY AND MINORITY VIEWPOINTS""; ""Applicability of the Current Planetary Protection Strategies to Europa""; ""Survival of Terrestrial Microbes on Europa""; ""CONCLUSIONS""; ""REFERENCES""; ""7 Conclusions and Recommendations""; ""Appendixes""; ""A Calculating ; the Probability of Contamination, Pc,""; ""A SAMPLE METHODOLOGY""; ""Microbial Populations On Spacecraft""""F1â€?Total Number of Cells Relative to Cultured Cells""; ""F2â€?Bioburden Reduction Treatment""; ""F3â€?Cruise Survival Fraction""; ""F4â€?Radiation Survival""; ""F5â€?Probability of Landing at an Active Site""; ""F6â€?Burial Fraction""; ""F7â€?Probability That an Organism Survives and Proliferates""; ""F7aâ€?Survivability of Exposure Environments""; ""F7bâ€?Availability of Nutrients""; ""F7câ€?Suitability of Energy Sources""; ""F7dâ€?Suitability for Active Growth""; ""Joint Probability for F7""; ""Conclusions from the Illustrative Calculation""; ""REFERENCES""""B Glossary""