Animal breeding and genetics / / Matthew L. Spangler, editor

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910768171503321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Singapore : , : Springer, , [2023]; ©2023
• ISBN: 9781071624609; 9781071624593
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (421 pages)
• Collana: Encyclopedia of sustainability science and technology series
• Disciplina: 636.082
• Soggetti: Animal breeding; Domestic animals - Genetics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Series Preface -- Volume Preface -- Contents -- About the Editor-in-Chief -- About the Editor -- Contributors -- Animal Breeding and Genetics: Introduction -- Animal Breeding Methods and Sustainability -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject -- Introduction -- Animal Breeding and Sustainability -- Definition of Breed -- Breed Conservation -- Breeds and Sustainable Systems -- Animal Breeding Methods and Schemes -- Breeding Companies. Organization and Diffusion of Genetic Progress -- Statistical Methods of Selection -- The Use of Molecular Genetics in Animal Breeding -- Transgenesis -- Genetic Markers and Genomic Selection -- Future Directions -- The Future Evolution of Methods and Schemes -- The Limits to Genetic Progress -- Bibliography -- Primary Literature -- Books and Reviews -- Quantitative Methods Applied to Animal Breeding -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject -- Introduction -- Principles of Selection -- Basic Genetic Model for Quantitative Traits -- Phenotypic Selection -- Correlated Response and Indirect Selection -- Selection Index -- Multiple-Trait Selection -- Mixed Model Methodology -- Introduction -- The Animal Model -- Extensions and Variations of the Animal Model -- Marker-Assisted Selection -- Introduction -- Classical Approaches with Few Markers -- Genomic Selection -- Future Directions -- Bibliography -- Primary Literature -- Books and Reviews -- ; Foundations of Molecular Genetics: From Major Genes to Genomics -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject -- Introduction -- The Promise of Molecular Genetics -- The Quest of Gene Mapping -- Elusive Validation and Repeatability -- The Challenges of Fine Mapping -- Positional Cloning of QTN - Success Stories -- New Genomic Approaches to Discover Causative Mutations -- The Advent and Rise of Genomic Selection -- Opportunities for Improved Sustainability -- Conclusion.; Bibliography -- Building Genetic Models -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject -- Introduction -- The Introductory Equation -- Completing the Model -- Adding a Constant to the Model -- Parts of the Mixed Model -- Fixed Factors -- Covariates -- Fixed Factors, Solutions, and Estimable Functions -- Example with Constraints -- Interactions Between Fixed Factors -- Heterosis -- Maternal Effects and Heterosis -- Singularities with Fixed Effects and Random Effects -- Is It Fixed or Random? -- Genetic Values and Other Random Factors -- Prediction of Genetic Values Depends on Variance Components -- The Basic Animal Model -- Animal Model with Repeated Records -- Embedded Traits -- Maternal and Paternal Effects Model -- Maternal and Grandmaternal Model -- Competition-Social Interaction-Pen Mate Effects -- Dominance Genetic Values -- Genotype by Environment Interactions -- Sex Limited Traits -- Usual Multiple Trait Models -- Normality -- Typical Fixed and Random Effects in Models for Yield of Dairy Cows, Weaning Weight of Beef Calves and Lambs, and Carcass Trait... -- Future Directions -- Bibliography -- Primary Literature -- Books and Reviews -- Genotype by Environment Interactions in Livestock Farming -- Glossary -- Definition of the subject -- Introduction -- Expanding the Model -- Example: Environment and Diet Composition (ExA) -- Example: Environment and Sow Housing (ExB) -- The Baseline Model -- The Multiple-Trait Model -- The Random-Regression Model -- The Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces Regression Model -- How to Express and Report the Breeding Values -- Caveats When Estimating Breeding Values for GxE -- Macro-environmental Plasticity: Estimation of Variance Components -- Macro-environmental Plasticity: Prediction of Breeding Values -- Micro-environmental Plasticity and Its Covariance with Macro-environmental Plasticity -- Future directions.; References -- Socially Affected Traits, Inheritance and Genetic Improvement -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject -- Introduction -- Quantitative Genetics of Socially Affected Traits -- Quantitative Genetic Model -- Classical Model -- Social Model -- Breeding Value -- Heritable Variance -- The Effect of Group Size on Heritable Variance -- Response to Selection -- General Expression for Response to Selection -- Accuracies of Selection -- Individual Selection (IS) -- Group Selection (GS) -- Multilevel Selection -- Optimum Index Selection -- Selection Based in Information of Relatives -- Selection on Estimated Breeding Values (EBVs) -- BLUP Ignoring Associative Effects -- BLUP Including Associative Effects -- A Special Case: Maternal Genetic Effects -- Results of Social Selection Experiments -- Estimation of Genetic Parameters -- Statistical Methodology -- Empirical Estimates of the Associative Variance -- Mixed Models -- Non-Genetic Associative Effects -- Accounting for Variation in Group Size -- Identifiability of the Associative Genetic Variance -- Statistical Power and Optimum Designs -- Standard Errors of Estimated Variance Components -- Future Directions -- Bibliography -- Pig Breeding for Increased Sustainability -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject -- Introduction -- Biodiversity -- Genetic Distinctiveness -- Population Size and Structure -- Relative Utility -- Urgency, Importance, and Feasibility: Priority Level of the Breed -- Target Traits for Genetic Improvement -- ; Genetic Improvement Programs -- Environmental Load and Climate Change -- Technology -- Strategies: Carbon Shadow Prices -- Animal Welfare -- Robustness -- Selection for Robustness Traits -- Reaction Norms -- Deprivation -- Neuroendocrinology -- Selection Objectives -- Dominance Aggression -- Avoidance of Invasive Treatments -- Boar Taint -- Harmful Interactional Behavior.; Ethical Aspects -- Artificial Selection -- Integrity -- Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- Bibliography -- Primary Literature -- Books and Reviews -- Poultry Breeding -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject -- Introduction -- Input Resources (Background) -- Environmental Impact -- Human and Animal Health -- Practical Example of Sustainable Genetic Improvement -- Balanced Breeding for Optimized Genetic Gain, Maintained Genetic Diversity, and Decreased Impact on Functional and Environment... -- Future Directions -- Bibliography -- Beef Cattle Breeding -- Definition of the Subject -- Introduction -- Beef breeds -- Genetic Differences for Beef-Related Traits -- Current Beef Breeding Objectives -- Terminal indexes -- Maternal Indexes -- Dairy-Beef Index -- Validation -- Future Breeding Objectives -- Improvements to the Current Selection of Traits -- New traits -- Estimation of Weighting Factors on Traits -- Beef Breeding Schemes -- Decision Support Tools -- The Role of Breed Societies -- Future Challenges -- Conclusions -- References -- Books and Reviews -- Novel Trait Selection to Enhance Sustainability of Beef Production Systems -- Glossary -- Definition of Subject -- Introduction -- Sustainability as a System Property -- Characteristics of High-Leverage Actions -- Trait Selection Impacts on Sustainability -- Specific Examples of Novel Traits to Address Sustainability -- Water Intake and Efficiency -- Methane Emissions -- Future Directions -- References -- Dairy Cattle Breeding -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject -- Introduction -- Changing Breeding Programs -- Traits Under Selection -- Milk Production and Fertility -- Longevity -- Health and Disease Resistance -- Mastitis -- Lameness -- General Disease Resistance -- Novel Traits -- Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy -- Resilience -- Heat Tolerance -- Environmental Impact -- Feed Efficiency.; Animal Welfare -- Inbreeding -- Future Directions -- Bibliography -- References in the Text -- Books and Reviews (Further Reading) -- Sustainable Genetic Improvement in Dairy Goats -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject -- Introduction -- Dairy Goat Production and Breeding Programs -- Genetic Evaluation of Dairy Goats: The Canadian Example -- Genomic Selection Methodologies -- Benefits of Genomic Selection -- Benefits and Challenges of Implementing Genomic Selection in Dairy Goats -- Implementation of Genomic Selection in Dairy Goats -- Development of Genotyping Panels -- Genomic Selection in Worldwide Dairy Goat Populations -- Genome-Wide Association Studies -- Final Remarks -- Future Directions -- Bibliography -- Horse Breeding -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject -- History of Modern Horse Breeds -- Modern Horse Breeds -- Breed Management -- Breeding for Improvement -- Breeding for Diversity -- Future Directions -- Bibliography -- Primary Literature -- Books and Reviews -- Breeding in Developing Countries and Tropics -- Glossary -- Definition of the Subject and Its Importance -- Introduction -- Setting the Scene -- World Population -- Global Food Production -- Products of an Animal Origin -- Global Food Security -- Animal Resources -- Domestication -- Distribution of Livestock -- Biodiversity as Reflected by Breed -- The Most Important Livestock Products for Ensuring Food Security -- Poultry -- Pigs -- Cattle -- Small Stock -- Per Capita Meat Consumption -- Dairy Products -- Challenges -- External Challenges -- Production under Various Systems -- Disease -- ; Heat Stress and Water Requirements -- Internal Challenges -- Infrastructure and Capacity -- Structured Programs -- Tools and Strategies in Livestock Breeding -- Research Expenditure -- Intellectual Capacity -- The Contribution of Developing Countries to Global Science.; The Case for Conserving Animal Genetic Resources.

Advances in Fibre Production Science in South American Camelids and other Fibre Animals / Martina Gerken, Daniel Allain, Carlo Renieri

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910765872703321
• Autore: Gerken Martina
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: [s.l.] : , : Universitätsverlag Göttingen, , 2019
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (1 p.)
• Soggetti: Technology, engineering, agriculture
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Spagnolo
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Sommario/riassunto: Animal fibres from South American camelids and other fibre or wool bearing species provide important products for use by the human population. The contemporary context includes the competition with petrocarbon-based artificial fibres and concern about excessive persistence of these in the natural environment. Animal fibres present highly valuable characteristics for sustainable production and processing as they are both natural and renewable. On the other hand, their use is recognised to depend on availability of appropriate quality and quantity, the production of which is underpinned by a range of sciences and processes which support development to meet market requirements. This collection of papers combines international experience from South and North America, China and Europe. The focus lies on domestic South American camelids (alpacas, llamas) and also includes research on sheep and goats. It considers latest advances in sustainable development under climate change, breeding and genetics, reproduction and pathology, nutrition, meat and fibre ; production and fibre metrology. Publication of this book is supported by the Animal Fibre Working Group of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP). 'Advances in Fibre Production Science in South American Camelids and other Fibre Animals' addresses issues of importance to scientists and animal breeders, textile processors and manufacturers, specialised governmental policy makers and students studying veterinary, animal and applied biological sciences.