Mineralogy of Quartz and Silica Minerals / / edited by Jens Götze

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910765793003321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Basel : , : MDPI, , 2018; ©2018
• ISBN: 3-03897-349-1
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (ix, 274 pages) : illustrations
• Disciplina: 549
• Soggetti: Quartz; Mineralogy
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: About the Special Issue Editor vii -- Preface to "Mineralogy of Quartz and Silica Minerals" . ix -- Jens G ¨otze Editorial for Special Issue "Mineralogy of Quartz and Silica Minerals" Reprinted from: Minerals 2018, 8, 467, doi:10.3390/min8100467 1 -- Jens G ¨otze, Yuanming Pan, Axel M ¨uller, Elena L. Kotova and Daniele Cerin Trace Element Compositions and Defect Structures of High-Purity Quartz from the Southern Ural Region, Russia Reprinted from: Minerals 2017, 7, 189, doi:10.3390/min7100189 4 -- Min Lin, Zhenyu Pei and Shaomin Lei Mineralogy and Processing of Hydrothermal Vein Quartz from Hengche, Hubei Province (China) Reprinted from: Minerals 2017, 7, 161, doi:10.3390/min7090161 23 -- Zhenyu Pei, Min Lin, Yuanyuan Liu and Shaomin Lei Dissolution Behaviors of Trace Muscovite during Pressure Leaching of Hydrothermal Vein Quartz Using H2SO4 and NH4Cl as Leaching Agents Reprinted from: Minerals 2018, 8, 60, doi:10.3390/min8020060 39 -- Adriana Guatame-Garcia and Mike Buxton The Use of Infrared Spectroscopy to Determine the Quality of Carbonate-Rich Diatomite Ores Reprinted from: Minerals 2018, 8, 120, doi:10.3390/min8030120 53 -- Moritz Liesegang and Ralf Milke Silica Colloid Ordering in a Dynamic Sedimentary Environment Reprinted from: Minerals 2018, 8, 12, doi:10.3390/min8010012 67 -- Axel M ¨uller, Morgan Ganerød, Michael Wiedenbeck, Skule Olaus Svendsen Spjelkavik and Rune Selbekk The Hydrothermal Breccia of Berglia-; Glassberget, Trøndelag, Norway: Snapshot of a Triassic Earthquake Reprinted from: Minerals 2018, 8, 175, doi:10.3390/min8050175 80 -- Panagiotis Voudouris, Vasilios Melfos, Constantinos Mavrogonatos, Alexandre Tarantola, Jens G ¨otze, Dimitrios Alfieris, Victoria Maneta and Ioannis Psimis Amethyst Occurrences in Tertiary Volcanic Rocks of Greece: Mineralogical, Fluid Inclusion and Oxygen Isotope Constraints on Their Genesis Reprinted from: Minerals 2018, 8, 324, doi:10.3390/min8080324 111 -- Steffen Tr ¨umper, Ronny R ¨oßler and Jens G ¨otze Deciphering Silicification Pathways of Fossil Forests: Case Studies from the Late Paleozoic of Central Europe Reprinted from: Minerals 2018, 8, 432, doi:10.3390/min8100432 137 -- Tadsuda Taksavasu, Thomas Monecke and T. James Reynolds Textural Characteristics of Noncrystalline Silica in Sinters and Quartz Veins: Implications for the Formation of Bonanza Veins in Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposits Reprinted from: Minerals 2018, 8, 331, doi:10.3390/min8080331 166 -- Multi-Stage Evolution of Gold-Bearing Hydrothermal Quartz Veins at the Mokrsko Gold Deposit (Czech Republic) Based on Cathodoluminescence, Spectroscopic, and Trace Elements Analyses Reprinted from: Minerals 2018, 8, 335, doi:10.3390/min8080335 184 -- Julia Richter-Feig, Robert M ¨ockel, Jens G ¨otze and Gerhard Heide Investigation of Fluids in Macrocrystalline and Microcrystalline Quartz in Agate Using Thermogravimetry-Mass-Spectrometry Reprinted from: Minerals 2018, 8, 72, doi:10.3390/min8020072 200 -- Jonathan Sittner and Jens G ¨otze Cathodoluminescence (CL) Characteristics of Quartz from Different Metamorphic Rocks within the Kaoko Belt (Namibia) Reprinted from: Minerals 2018, 8, 190, doi:10.3390/min8050190 218 -- Masahiro Kayama, Hiroshi Nagaoka and Takafumi Niihara Lunar and Martian Silica Reprinted from: Minerals 2018, 8, 267, doi:10.3390/min8070267 231.
• Sommario/riassunto: The present book reports recent contributions from research in the field of quartz and other silica minerals. The various forms of silica (SiO2) represent important constituents of the Earth crust and play a central role in the composition of geological materials. In particular, quartz is widely used as a raw material in numerous industrial sectors. The knowledge of the formation and specific properties of SiO2 rocks and minerals is indispensable for the understanding and reconstruction of geological processes, as well as for specific technical applications. The works presented in this book are contributed by leading scientists and deal with aspects of the formation and processing of SiO2 raw materials, the analysis of high-purity quartz, and the specifics and varieties (e.g., quartz, amethyst, opal, agate) of SiO2 modifications. The presentations cover the main interrelations between theoretical, analytical, and industrial studies and provide information concerning recent developments in the research on SiO2 materials.

Sound capture and processing : practical approaches / / Ivan J. Tashev

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910830474403321
• Autore: Tashev Ivan J. (Ivan Jelev)
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Chichester, U.K. : , : Wiley, , 2009; [Piscataqay, New Jersey] : , : IEEE Xplore, , [2009]
• ISBN: 1-282-23748-9; 9786612237485; 0-470-99444-4; 0-470-99443-6
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (389 p.)
• Classificazione: ST 306
• Disciplina: 621.3828
• Soggetti: Speech processing systems; Sound - Recording and reproducing - Digital techniques; Signal processing - Digital gechniques
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Includes index.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: About the Author -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Need for, and Consumers of, Sound Capture and Audio Processing Algorithms -- 1.2 Typical Sound Capture System -- 1.3 The Goal of this Book and its Target Audience -- 1.4 Prerequisites -- 1.5 Book Structure -- 1.6 Exercises -- 2 Basics -- 2.1 Noise: Definition, Modeling, Properties -- 2.2 Signal: Definition, Modeling, Properties -- 2.3 Classification: Suppression, Cancellation, Enhancement -- 2.4 Sampling and Quantization -- 2.5 Audio Processing in the Frequency Domain -- 2.6 Bandwidth Limiting -- 2.7 Signal-to-Noise-Ratio: Definition and Measurement -- 2.8 Subjective Quality Measurement -- 2.9 Other Methods for Quality and Enhancement Measurement -- 2.10 Summary -- Bibliography -- 3 Sound and Sound Capturing Devices -- 3.1 Sound and Sound Propagation -- 3.2 Microphones -- 3.3 Omnidirectional and Pressure Gradient Microphones -- 3.4 Parameter Definitions -- 3.5 First-order Directional Microphones -- 3.6 Noise-canceling Microphones and the Proximity Effect -- 3.7 Measurement of Microphone Parameters -- 3.8 Microphone Models -- 3.9 Summary -- Bibliography -- 4 Single-; channel Noise Reduction -- 4.1 Noise Suppression as a Signal Estimation Problem -- 4.2 Suppression Rules -- 4.3 Uncertain Presence of the Speech Signal -- 4.4 Estimation of the Signal and Noise Parameters -- 4.5 Architecture of a Noise Suppressor -- 4.6 Optimizing the Entire System -- 4.7 Specialized Noise-reduction Systems -- 4.8 Practical Tips and Tricks for Noise Suppression -- 4.9 Summary -- Bibliography -- 5 Sound Capture with Microphone Arrays -- 5.1 Definitions and Types of Microphone Array -- 5.2 The Sound Capture Model and Beamforming -- 5.3 Terminology and Parameter Definitions -- 5.4 Time-invariant Beamformers -- 5.5 Channel Mismatch and Handling -- 5.6 Adaptive Beamformers -- 5.7 Microphone-array Post-processors -- 5.8 Specific Algorithms for Small Microphone Arrays -- 5.9 Summary -- Bibliography -- 6 Sound Source Localization and Tracking with Microphone Arrays.; 6.1 Sound Source Localization -- 6.2 Sound Source Localization from a Single Frame -- 6.3 Post-processing Algorithms -- 6.4 Practical Approaches and Tips -- 6.5 Summary -- Bibliography -- 7 Acoustic Echo-reduction Systems -- 7.1 General Principles and Terminology -- 7.2 LMS Solution for Acoustic Echo Cancellation -- 7.3 NLMS and RLS Algorithms -- 7.4 Double-talk Detectors -- 7.5 Non-linear Acoustic Echo Cancellation -- 7.6 Acoustic Echo Suppression -- 7.7 Multichannel Acoustic Echo Reduction -- 7.8 Practical Aspects of the Acoustic Echo-reduction Systems -- 7.9 Summary -- Bibliography -- 8 De-reverberation -- 8.1 Reverberation and Modeling -- 8.2 De-reverberation via De-convolution -- 8.3 De-reverberation via Suppression -- 8.4 De-reverberation with Multiple Microphones -- 8.5 Practical Recommendations -- 8.6 Summary -- Bibliography -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: Sound Capture and Processing: Practical Approaches, Ivan Tashev, Microsoft Research, USA Provides state-of-the-art algorithms for sound capture, processing and enhancement Sound Capture and Processing: Practical Approaches covers the digital signal processing algorithms and devices for capturing sounds, mostly human speech. It explores the devices and technologies used to capture, enhance and process sound for the needs of communication and speech recognition in modern computers and communication devices. This book gives a comprehensive introduction to basic acoustics and microphones, with coverage of algorithms for noise reduction, acoustic echo cancellation, dereverberation and microphone arrays; charting the progress of such technologies from their evolution to present day standard. Sound Capture and Processing: Practical Approaches . Brings together the state-of-the-art algorithms for sound capture, processing and enhancement in one easily accessible volume . Provides invaluable implementation techniques required to process algorithms for real life applications and devices . Covers a number of advanced sound processing techniques, such as multichannel acoustic echo cancellation, dereverberation and source separation . Generously illustrated with figures and charts to demonstrate how sound capture and audio processing systems work . An accompanying website containing Matlab code to illustrate the algorithms This invaluable guide will provide audio, R&D and software engineers in the industry of building systems or computer peripherals for speech enhancement with a comprehensive overview of the technologies, devices and algorithms required for modern computers and communication devices. Graduate students studying electrical engineering and computer science, and researchers in multimedia, cell-phones, interactive systems and acousticians will also benefit from this book.