2.2.1.4 Search: Identification of Traces, Footprints and Other Evidences -- 2.2.1.5 Sampling and Lifting of Traces, Footprints, and Other Evidences -- 2.2.1.6 Processing/Analysis and Reporting -- 2.3 Searching Evidences: Forensic Lights [9] -- 2.4 Removal and Lifting of Marks, Traces and Vestiges (Sampling of Material Evidence) [12-15] -- 2.4.1 Why Is the Evidence Identification and Collection Process Are Important? -- 2.4.2 Quality Control in Evidence Collection at the Crime Scene -- 2.5 Examination of the Corpse or Remains -- 2.5.1 Objectives of the Examination of the Corpse at the Crime Scene -- 2.5.1.1 Processing/Analysis of the Scene (Body) -- 2.5.1.2 Identification -- 2.5.1.3 Postmortem Interval [19-24] -- The Place Where the Corpse Is Found [13, 26] -- Forensic Entomology as a Method to Establish the Postmortem Interval [22] -- Cadaveric Phenomena or Corpse-Destroying Phenomena [13] -- Autolysis -- Cooling or Algor Mortis -- Dehydration -- Cadaverous Lividities, or Livor Mortis -- Cadaverous Stiffness, or Rigor Mortis -- Late Cadaveric Phenomena -- Detachment of the Epidermis -- Factors that Retard Decomposition, or Conservative Phenomena of the Corpse -- Physical Barriers -- Chemical Barriers -- Climatic Factors -- Mummification -- Saponification (Adipocere) [13] -- 2.5.1.4 Cause of Death -- External Examination of Bodies in Different Causes of Death -- Disease [6, 31-33] -- Sudden Infant Death [34] -- Asphyxia -- Trauma [35] -- Poisoning or Intoxication -- 2.5.1.5 Manner of Death -- Forensic Photograph of the Corpse [42] -- Examination of Deceased in Hospitals -- 2.6 Clothing Examination [34] -- 2.6.1 The Clothing: Terminology -- 2.6.2 The Examination of Clothes in Special Cases -- 2.6.2.1 Identity Verification -- 2.6.2.2 Aggressions, Traffic Accidents, and Sexual Assault -- 2.6.2.3 Abductions -- 2.6.2.4 Clothes and Cause of Death. |
2.6.2.5 Collecting and Conservation of Clothing -- 2.7 Body Management -- 2.8 Technological Means in Its Right Measure [51] -- 2.9 Human Error in Criminal Investigation: How to Avoid It [52-54] -- 2.9.1 Cognitive Biases [8] -- 2.9.1.1 Limitations of Perception and Memory -- 2.9.1.2 Intuition -- 2.9.1.3 Heuristics and Biases -- 2.9.1.4 Anchorage -- 2.9.1.5 Tunnel Vision (Satisficing) -- 2.9.1.6 Availability -- 2.9.1.7 Framing -- 2.9.1.8 Representativeness -- 2.9.1.9 Cause-Effect Biases -- 2.9.1.10 Biases in the Evaluation of Evidence -- 2.9.1.11 Confirmation or Verification Bias -- 2.9.1.12 The Occam´s Razor -- 2.10 Crime Scene Report [1, 55-57] -- References -- 3: Small Size, Big Impact: Insects for Cadaver Examination -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 History of Forensic Entomology -- 3.3 Flies in Direct Relevance with the Corpse -- 3.4 Importance of Insects in Criminal Investigation -- 3.4.1 Estimation of Post-mortem Interval (PMI) -- 3.4.2 Drug Detection from Insects -- 3.5 Factors Affecting the Growth of Decomposers -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- 4: Dermatoglyphics and Other Impressions: Deciphering the Potential of a Unique Hominid Niche -- 4.1 An Overview -- 4.2 Fingerprint Patterns -- 4.3 Use of Dermatoglyphics to Identify Left Hand -- 4.4 Latent Prints/Invisible Fingerprints -- 4.5 Patent Prints/Visible Fingerprint -- 4.6 Plastic Prints/3-D fingerprints -- 4.7 Detection and Examination of Footprints -- 4.8 History -- 4.9 Evolution of Fingerprint Science -- 4.10 Fingerprint Development Techniques -- 4.10.1 Surface Characteristics |