The entire history of Vedanta is characterized by the struggle between the dualist and non-dualist movements. Confronted by the advaita philosophy of Śaṅkara, the system of Madhva, to which the present French study is devoted, represents extreme dualism or dvaita. However, after emphasizing the irreversible difference between God and the world, Madhva, as if to compensate for this apparent rupture, proclaims that all beings other than the One Being are dependent on the latter; only God depends on none other than himself. The originality of the system of Madhva lies in giving a new turn to the relationship between the Being and beings. Only the Being is capable of creating beings different from himself and totally dependent upon him. God allows all reality to be, and to be what it is. |