Race and the politics of welfare reform [[electronic resource] /] / edited by Sanford F. Schram, Joe Soss, and Richard C. Fording

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910458290803321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Ann Arbor, : University of Michigan Press, c2003
• ISBN: 0-472-09831-4; 978-6-612-69574-2; 1-282-69574-6; 0-472-02551-1
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (391 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): SchramSanford; SossJoe <1967->; FordingRichard C. <1964->
• Disciplina: 361.68
• Soggetti: Public welfare - United States; Welfare recipients - Government policy - United States; Social service and race relations - United States; Racism - United States; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 337-368) and indexes.
• Nota di contenuto: ""Contents""; ""Introduction / Joe Soss, Sanford F. Schram, and Richard C. Fording""; ""History""; ""1. Race and the Limits of Solidarity: American Welfare State Development in Comparative Perspective / Robert C. Lieberman""; ""2. Ghettos, Fiscal Federalism, and Welfare Reform / Michael K. Brown""; ""3. “Laboratories of Democracyâ€? or Symbolic Politics?: The Racial Origins of Welfare Reform / Richard C. Fording""; ""Mass Media and Mass Attitudes""; ""4. How the Poor Became Black: The Racialization of American Poverty in the Mass Media / Martin Gilens""; ""5. Race Matters: The Impact of News Coverage of Welfare Reform on Public Opinion / James M. Avery and Mark Peffley""""6. Racial Context, Public Attitudes, and Welfare Effort in the American States / Martin Johnson""; ""Discourse""; ""7. Queens, Teens, and Model Mothers: Race, Gender, and the Discourse of Welfare Reform / Holloway Sparks""; ""8. ; Putting a Black Face on Welfare: The Good and the Bad / Sanford F. Schram""; ""Policy Choice and Implementation""; ""9. The Hard Line and the Color Line: Race, Welfare, and the Roots of Get-Tough Reform / Joe Soss, Sanford F. Schram, Thomas P. Vartanian, and Erin O'Brien""""10. Contemporary Approaches to Enduring Challenges: Using Performance Measures to Promote Racial Equality under TANF / Susan Tinsley Gooden""; ""Beyond Welfare Reform: Race & Social Policy in the States""; ""11. Race/Ethnicity and Referenda on Redistributive Health Care Policy / Caroline J. Tolbert and Gertrude A. Steuernagel""; ""12. Racial/Ethnic Diversity and Statesâ€? Public Policies: Social Policies as Context for Welfare Policies / Rodney E. Hero""""Commentary""; ""13. Why Welfare Is Racist / Frances Fox Piven""; ""References""; ""Contributors""; ""Name Index""; ""Subject Index""

Examination of failed 3/4 inch steel pipe natural gas service line, Sierra Pacific Power Company, Reno, Nevada / / T. Robert Shives

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910710046103321
• Autore: Shives T. R
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Gaithersburg, MD : , : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, , 1975
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource
• Collana: NBSIR ; ; 75-743
• Altri autori (Persone): ShivesT. R
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: 1975.; Contributed record: Metadata reviewed, not verified. Some fields updated by batch processes.; Title from PDF title page.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.

Black Feminist Politics from Kennedy to Clinton / / by D. Harris

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910967748903321
• Autore: Harris Duchess
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York : , : Palgrave Macmillan US : , : Imprint : Palgrave Macmillan, , 2009
• ISBN: 9786612557057; 9781349377862; 1349377864; 9781282557055; 128255705X; 9780230623200; 0230623204
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2009.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (209 p.)
• Collana: Contemporary Black History
• Disciplina: 305.48/896073; 973.04
• Soggetti: Sex; Europe - Politics and government; United States - History; Political science; Clinical psychology; America - History; Gender Studies; European Politics; US History; Political Science; Clinical Psychology; History of the Americas
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: A history of Black American feminism -- The 1990s in context : a history of Black women in American politics -- Black women's relationships with party politics -- Doubting the Democrats : current ; disenchantment and political futures.
• Sommario/riassunto: Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this book analyzes Black women's involvement in American political life, focusing on what they did to gain political power between 1961 and 2001, and why, in many cases, they did not succeed.

Advanced ceramic coatings and interfaces : a collection of papers presented at the 30th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 22-27, 2006, Cocoa Beach, Florida / / editors, Dongming Zhu, Uwe Schulz ; general editors, Andrew Wereszczak, Edgar Lara-Curzio

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911019234503321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hoboken, NJ, : Wiley, c2007
• ISBN: 9786612315015; 9781282315013; 1282315013; 9780470291320; 047029132X; 9780470291733; 0470291737
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (336 p.)
• Collana: Ceramic engineering and science proceedings, , 0196-6219 ; ; v. 27/3
• Altri autori (Persone): ZhuDongming; SchulzUwe; WereszczakAndrew; Lara-CurzioEdgar <1963->
• Disciplina: 620.14; 620.1404
• Soggetti: Ceramic coating; Refractory coating
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Advanced Ceramic Coatings and Interfaces; Contents; Preface; ; Introduction; Advanced Thermal Barrier Coating Development and Testing; Relation of Thermal Conductivity with Process Induced Anisotropic Void Systems in EB-PVD PYSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings; Segmentation Cracks in Plasma Sprayed Thin Thermal Barrier Coatings; Design of Alternative Multilayer Thick Thermal Barrier Coatings; Creep Behaviour of Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings; Corrosion Rig Testing of Thermal Barrier Coating Systems; Thermal Properties of Nanoporous YSZ Coatings Fabricated by EB-PVD; Oxidation Behavior and Main Causes for Accelerated Oxidation in Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier CoatingsCrack Growth and Delamination of Air Plasma-Sprayed Y,O,-ZrO, TBC After Formation of TGO Layer; Lanthanum-Lithium Hexaaluminate-A New Material for Thermal Barrier Coatings in Magnetoplumbite Structure-Material and Process Dewlopment; Modeling and Life Prediction of Thermal Barrier Coatings; Simulation of Stress Development and Crack Formation in APS-TBCS For Cyclic Oxidation Loading and Comparison with Experimental Observations; Numerical Simulation of Crack Growth Mechanisms Occurring Near the Bondcoat Surface in Air Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier CoatingsComparison of the Radiative Two-Flux and Diffusion Approximations; Damage Prediction of Thermal Barrier Coating; Environmental Barrier Coatings for Si-Based Ceramics; The Water-Vapour Hot Gas Corrosion Behavior of AI2O3-Y2O3 Materials, Y2Si05 and Y3O12-Coated Alumina in a Combustion Environment; Evaluation of Environmental Barrier Coatings for SiC/SiC Composites; Life Limiting Properties of Uncoated and Environmental-Barrier Coated Silicon Nitride at Higher TemperatureMultilayer EBC for Silicon Nitride; Non-Destructive Evaluation of Thermal and Environmental Barrier Coatings; Characterization of Cracks in Thermal Barrier Coatings Using Impedance Spectroscopy; Nondestructive Evaluation Methods for High Temperature Ceramic Coatings; Nondestructive Evaluation of Environmental Barrier Coatings in CFCC Combustor Liners; Ceramic Coatings for Spacecraft Applications; Charging of Ceramic Materials Due to Space-Based Radiation Environment; Spacecraft Thermal Management via Control of Optical Properties in the Near Solar EnvironmentMultifunctional Coatings and Interfaces; Preparation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Silicon Oxycarbide Composite by Polyphenylsilsesquioxane Impregnation and Their Fracture Behavior; Interfacial Processing Via CVD For Nicalon Based Ceramic Matrix Composites; Coatings of Fe/FeAIN Thin Films; Polymeric and Ceramic-Like Coatings on the Basis of SiN(C) Precursors for Protection of Metals Against Corrosion and Oxidation; Effect of Temperature and Spin-Coating Cycles on Microstructure Evolution for Tb-Substituted SrCeO, Thin Membrane Films
• Sommario/riassunto: Recent advances in coating development, processing, microstructure and property characterization, and life prediction are included in this book, which came from the proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 22-27, 2006, Cocoa Beach, Florida. Organized and sponsored by The American Ceramic Society and The American Ceramic Society's Engineering Ceramics Division in conjunction with the Nuclear and Environmental Technology Division.. Integrated structural, environmental properties and functionality through advanced coating processing and structu

Federated Learning for Future Intelligent Wireless Networks

• Record Nr.: UNINA9911019509903321
• Autore: Sun Yao
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2023; ©2024
• ISBN: 9781119913900; 111991390X; 9781119913924; 1119913926
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (317 pages)
• Altri autori (Persone): YouChaoqun; FengGang; ZhangLei
• Disciplina: 621.384
• Soggetti: Wireless communication systems; Edge computing
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Federated Learning with Unreliable Transmission in Mobile Edge Computing Systems -- 1.1 System Model -- 1.1.1 Local Model Training -- 1.1.2 Update Result Feedback via the Wireless Channels -- 1.1.3 Global Model Averaging -- 1.2 Problem Formulation -- 1.2.1 Model Accuracy Loss -- 1.2.2 Communication Loss ϵt,mC -- 1.2.3 Sample Selection Loss ϵt,mS -- 1.2.4 Model Training Loss ϵt,mM -- 1.2.5 Problem Formulation -- 1.2.5.1 Objective Function -- 1.2.5.2 Energy Consumption Constraint -- 1.2.5.3 User Selection Constraint -- 1.2.5.4 Data Volume Constraint of Local Training Datasets -- 1.3 A Joint Optimization Algorithm -- 1.3.1 Compression Optimization -- 1.3.1.1 Optimization of At,m -- 1.3.1.2 Optimization of Dt,m -- 1.3.2 Joint Optimization of At,m and Dt,m -- 1.3.3 Optimization of Sample Selection -- 1.3.4 Optimization of User Selection -- 1.3.5 A Joint Optimization Algorithm -- 1.4 Simulation and Experiment Results -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2 Federated Learning with non‐IID data in Mobile Edge Computing Systems -- 2.1 System Model -- 2.1.1 Local ; Model Training -- 2.1.2 Federated Averaging -- 2.2 Performance Analysis and Averaging Design -- 2.2.1 The Analysis of Expected Weight Divergence -- 2.2.1.1 The Analysis of Expected Data Distribution Divergence E{ℒm} -- 2.2.1.2 An Upper Bound of δ(tK) -- 2.2.2 Rethinking the Settings of Federated Averaging Weights -- 2.3 Data Sharing Scheme -- 2.3.1 Data Sharing -- 2.3.2 Problem Formation -- 2.3.2.1 Objective Function -- 2.3.3 Optimization Constraints -- 2.3.4 A Joint Optimization Algorithm -- 2.3.4.1 CPU Cycle Frequency Optimization Subproblem -- 2.3.4.2 Transmit Power Allocation Subproblem -- 2.3.4.3 Sharing Dataset Optimization Subproblem -- 2.3.4.4 User Selection Optimization Subproblem.; 2.3.4.5 A Joint Optimization Algorithm -- 2.4 Simulation Results -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3 How Many Resources Are Needed to Support Wireless Edge Networks -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 System Model -- 3.2.1 FL Model -- 3.2.1.1 Loss Function -- 3.2.1.2 Updating Model -- 3.2.2 Computing Resource Consumption Model -- 3.2.3 Communication Resource Consumption Model -- 3.2.3.1 Uplink -- 3.2.3.2 DownLink -- 3.3 Wireless Bandwidth and Computing Resources Consumed for Supporting FL‐Enabled Wireless Edge Networks -- 3.3.1 SINR Analysis (Uplink Direction) -- 3.3.1.1 Probability Density Function (PDF) of SINR -- 3.3.1.2 Transmission Success Probability of Local Models -- 3.3.2 SNR Analysis (Downlink Direction) -- 3.3.3 Wireless Bandwidth Needed for Transmitting Local/Global Models -- 3.3.4 Computing Resources Needed for Training Local Models -- 3.4 The Relationship between FL Performance and Consumed Resources -- 3.4.1 Local Model Accuracy -- 3.4.2 Global Model Accuracy -- 3.5 Discussions of Three Cases -- 3.5.1 Case 1: Sufficient Communication Resources and Computing Resources -- 3.5.2 Case 2: Sufficient Computing Resources and Insufficient Communication Resources -- 3.5.3 Case 3: Sufficient Communication Resources and Insufficient Computing Resources -- 3.6 Numerical Results and Discussion -- 3.6.1 Simulation Setting -- 3.6.2 Simulation Results -- 3.6.2.1 Verifying Analytical Results -- 3.6.2.2 Measuring the Performance of FL Settings -- 3.6.2.3 Examining the Trade‐Off between the Computing and Communication Resources under FL Framework -- 3.7 Conclusion -- 3.8 Proof of Corollary 3.2 -- 3.9 Proof of Corollary 3.3 -- References -- Chapter 4 Device Association Based on Federated Deep Reinforcement Learning for Radio Access Network Slicing -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 System Model -- 4.2.1 Network Model -- 4.2.2 RAN Slicing -- 4.2.3 Service Requirements.; 4.2.4 Handoff Cost -- 4.3 Problem Formulation -- 4.3.1 Problem Statement -- 4.3.2 Markov Decision Process Modeling for Device Association -- 4.3.2.1 State -- 4.3.2.2 Action -- 4.3.2.3 Transition Probability -- 4.3.2.4 Reward -- 4.4 Hybrid Federated Deep Reinforcement Learning for Device Association -- 4.4.1 Framework of HDRL -- 4.4.1.1 DRL on Smart Devices -- 4.4.1.2 Horizontal Model Aggregation (hDRL) Level -- 4.4.1.3 Vertical Model Aggregation (vDRL) Level -- 4.4.2 Algorithm of Horizontal Model Aggregation -- 4.4.2.1 DDQN for Training Local Model -- 4.4.2.2 Update Models -- 4.4.3 Algorithm of Vertical Model Aggregation -- 4.4.4 HDRL Algorithm for Device Association -- 4.4.5 Convergence Analysis -- 4.5 Numerical Results -- 4.5.1 Simulation Settings -- 4.5.2 Numerical Results and Discussions -- 4.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 5 Deep Federated Learning Based on Knowledge Distillation and Differential Privacy -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Related Work -- 5.3 System Model -- 5.3.1 Security Model -- 5.4 The Implementation Details of the Proposed Strategy -- 5.4.1 Security Analysis -- 5.5 Performance Evaluation -- 5.5.1 Experimental Environment -- 5.5.2 ; Experimental Results -- 5.6 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6 Federated Learning‐Based Beam Management in Dense Millimeter Wave Communication Systems -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Prior Work -- 6.1.2 Contributions -- 6.2 System Model -- 6.3 Problem Formulation and Analysis -- 6.4 FL‐Based Beam Management in UDmmN -- 6.4.1 Markov Decision Process Model -- 6.4.2 FL‐Based Beam Management -- 6.4.2.1 Data Cleaning -- 6.4.2.2 Model Training -- 6.4.3 User Association in UDmmN -- 6.4.3.1 Downlink Measurements -- 6.4.3.2 User Perception -- 6.4.3.3 Multiple Association -- 6.5 Performance Evaluation -- 6.5.1 Comparison with BFS and EDB -- 6.5.2 Comparison with BMDL and BMCL.; 6.6 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7 Blockchain‐Empowered Federated Learning Approach for An Intelligent and Reliable D2D Caching Scheme -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Related Work -- 7.2.1 Learning‐Based D2D Caching Schemes -- 7.2.2 Blockchain‐Enabled D2D Caching Schemes -- 7.3 System Model -- 7.3.1 D2D Network -- 7.3.2 Content Caching Schemes -- 7.3.3 Transmission Latency -- 7.4 Problem Formulation and DRL‐Based Model Training -- 7.4.1 Problem Formulation -- 7.4.1.1 Action -- 7.4.1.2 State -- 7.4.1.3 Reward and Return -- 7.4.2 DRL‐Based Local Model Training -- 7.5 Privacy‐Preserved and Secure BDRFL Caching Scheme Design -- 7.5.1 Task and Requirements Publication -- 7.5.2 Appropriate UE Selection -- 7.5.3 Local Model Training -- 7.5.4 Area Model Update and Recording -- 7.5.5 Global Model Update and Recording -- 7.6 Consensus Mechanism and Federated Learning Model Update -- 7.6.1 Double‐Layer Blockchain Consensus Mechanism -- 7.6.2 FL Area Model Update in Subchain Layer -- 7.6.3 FL Global Model Update in Mainchain Layer -- 7.7 Simulation Results and Discussions -- 7.7.1 Simulation Setting -- 7.7.2 Numerical Results -- 7.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Heterogeneity‐Aware Dynamic Scheduling for Federated Edge Learning -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Related Works -- 8.3 System Model for FEEL -- 8.3.1 Flow of FEEL with Scheduling -- 8.3.2 Delay and Energy Model in FEEL -- 8.3.2.1 Delay Model -- 8.3.2.2 Energy Model -- 8.4 Heterogeneity‐Aware Dynamic Scheduling Problem Formulation -- 8.4.1 Convergence of FEEL with Scheduling -- 8.4.2 Scheduling Policy with Sequential Transmission -- 8.4.3 Problem Formulation -- 8.5 Dynamic Scheduling Algorithm Design and Analysis -- 8.5.1 Benchmark: R‐Round Lookahead Algorithm -- 8.5.2 DISCO: Dynamic Scheduling Algorithm -- 8.5.3 Algorithm Analysis, Complexity Reduction, and Implementation Discussion.; 8.5.3.1 Algorithm Analysis -- 8.5.3.2 Complexity Reduction -- 8.5.3.3 Implementation Discussion -- 8.6 Evaluation Results -- 8.6.1 Parameter Settings -- 8.6.2 Numerical Results -- 8.6.3 Experimental Results -- 8.7 Conclusions -- 8.A.1 Proof of Theorem 8.2 -- 8.A.2 Proof of Theorem 8.3 -- 8.A.2.1 Feasibility Proof -- 8.A.2.2 Optimality Proof -- References -- Chapter 9 Robust Federated Learning with Real‐World Noisy Data -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Work Prior to FedCorr -- 9.2 Related Work -- 9.2.1 Federated Methods -- 9.2.2 Local Intrinsic Dimension (LID) -- 9.2.2.1 Estimation of LID -- 9.3 FedCorr -- 9.3.1 Preliminaries -- 9.3.1.1 Data Partition -- 9.3.1.2 Noise Model -- 9.3.1.3 LID Scores for Local Models -- 9.3.2 Federated Preprocessing Stage -- 9.3.2.1 Client Iteration and Fraction Scheduling -- 9.3.2.2 Mixup and Local Proximal Regularization -- 9.3.2.3 Identification of Noisy Clients and Noisy Samples -- 9.3.3 Federated Fine‐Tuning Stage -- 9.3.4 Federated Usual Training Stage -- 9.4 Experiments -- 9.4.1 Experimental Setup -- 9.4.1.1 Baselines -- 9.4.1.2 Implementation Details -- 9.4.2 Comparison with State‐of‐the‐Art Methods -- 9.4.2.1 IID Settings -- 9.4.2.2 Non‐IID Settings -- 9.4.2.3 Combination with ; Other FL Methods -- 9.4.2.4 Comparison of Communication Efficiency -- 9.4.3 Ablation Study -- 9.5 Further Remarks -- Bibliography -- Chapter 10 Analog Over‐the‐Air Federated Learning: Design and Analysis -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 System Model -- 10.3 Analog Over‐the‐Air Model Training -- 10.3.1 Salient Features -- 10.3.2 Heavy‐Tailed Interference -- 10.4 Convergence Analysis -- 10.4.1 Preliminaries -- 10.4.2 Convergence Rate of AirFL -- 10.4.3 Key Observations -- 10.5 Numerical Results -- 10.6 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 11 Federated Edge Learning for Massive MIMO CSI Feedback -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 System Model.; 11.2.1 Channel Model and Signal Model.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book, 'Federated Learning for Future Intelligent Wireless Networks,' explores the application of federated learning in mobile edge computing systems, emphasizing its potential to enhance communication efficiency and privacy in wireless networks. Edited by Yao Sun, Chaoqun You, Gang Feng, and Lei Zhang, the book presents various models and techniques for implementing federated learning in challenging environments, including unreliable transmissions, non-IID data, and noisy data conditions. Key topics include resource allocation, device association, and privacy-preserving methods such as differential privacy and knowledge distillation. Aimed at researchers and professionals in wireless communications and machine learning, this work provides insights into the integration of AI technologies into future 6G networks.