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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910695800803321 |
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Autore |
Fowler James F |
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Titolo |
Postfire mortality of Ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir [[electronic resource] ] : a review of methods to predict tree death / / James F. Fowler, Carolyn Hull Sieg |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Fort Collins, CO : , : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station : , : Publications Distribution, Rocky Mountain Research Station, , [2004] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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25 pages : digital, PDF file |
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Collana |
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General technical report RMRS ; ; GTR-132 |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Soggetti |
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Ponderosa pine - Effect of fires on |
Douglas fir - Effect of fires on |
Fire ecology |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Title from title screen (viewed Mar. 12, 2007). |
"July 2004." |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This review focused on the primary literature that described, modeled, or predicted the probability of postfire mortality in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). The methods and measurements that were used to predict postfire tree death tended to fall into two general categories: those focusing on measuring important aspects of fire behavior, the indirect but ultimate cause of mortality; and those focusing on tissue damage due to fire, the direct effect of fire on plant organs. Of the methods reviewed in this paper, crown scorch volume was the most effective, easiest to use, and most popular measurement in predicting postfire mortality in both conifer species. In addition to this direct measure of foliage damage, several studies showed the importance and utility of adding a measurement of stem (bole) damage. There is no clear method of choice for this, but direct assessment of cambium condition near the tree base is widely used in Douglas-fir. Only two ponderosa pine studies directly measured fine root biomass changes due to fire, but |
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they did not use these measurements to predict postfire mortality. Indirect measures of fire behavior such as ground char classes may be the most practical choice for measuring root damage. This review did not find clear postfire survivability differences between the two species. The literature also does not show a consistent use of terminology; we propose a standard set of terms and their definitions. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910822612203321 |
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Autore |
Friedman Monroe |
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Titolo |
Consumer boycotts : effecting change through the marketplace and the media / / Monroe Friedman |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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New York, : Routledge, 1999 |
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ISBN |
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1-135-96041-0 |
1-135-96042-9 |
0-203-90040-5 |
1-280-31675-6 |
0-203-90041-3 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (305 p.) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Consumer behavior |
Boycotts |
Consumer satisfaction |
Consumer complaints |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references (p. [263]-274) and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Book Cover; Title; Contents; Acknowledgments; Preface; Consumer Boycott Basics; Factors Affecting Boycott Success; Labor Boycotts; Consumer Economic Boycotts; Minority Group Initiatives: African American Boycotts; Boycott Initiatives of Other Minority Groups; Boycotts by Religious Groups; Ecological Boycotts; Consumer ~Buycotts~; Boycott Issues and Tactics in Historical Perspective; The 1966 Consumer Protest as Seen by Its Leaders; Boycott Observations over Time; Notes; References; Permissions; Index |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Monroe Friedman discusses different types of boycotts, from their historical focus on labour and economic concerns, to the more recent inclusion of issues such as minority rights, animal welfare and environmental protection. |
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