1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910688429103321

Titolo

Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics of Small Systems / / edited by Andrea Puglisi, Alessandro Sarracino, Angelo Vulpiani

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Basel : , : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, , 2018

ISBN

3-03897-058-1

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (334 pages)

Disciplina

536.7

Soggetti

Thermodynamics

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Sommario/riassunto

A challenging frontier in modern statistical physics concerns systems with a small number of degrees of freedom, far from the thermodynamic limit. Beyond the general interest in the foundation of statistical mechanics, the relevance of this subject is due to the recent increase of resolution in the observation and manipulation of biological and man-made objects at micro- and nano-scales. A peculiar feature of small systems is the role played by fluctuations, which cannot be neglected and are responsible for many non-trivial behaviors. The study of fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities, such as energy or entropy, goes back to Einstein, Onsager, and Kubo; more recently, interest in this matter has grown with the establishment of new fluctuation-dissipation relations, and of so-called stochastic thermodynamics. This turning point has received a strong impulse from the study of systems that are far from the thermodynamic equilibrium, due to very long relaxation times, as in disordered systems, or due to the presence of external forcing and dissipation, as in granular or active matter. Applications of the thermodynamic and statistical mechanics of small systems range from molecular biology to micro-mechanics, including models of nano-transport, Brownian motors, and (living or artificial) self-propelled organisms.



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9911020374203321

Titolo

Molecular epidemiology of chronic diseases / / editors, Chris Wild, Paolo Vineis, Seymour Garte

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Chichester, England ; ; Hoboken, NJ, : J. Wiley, c2008

ISBN

9786612342929

9781119965619

1119965616

9781282342927

1282342924

9780470725726

0470725729

9780470725719

0470725710

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (386 p.)

Altri autori (Persone)

WildChris <1959->

VineisPaolo

GarteSeymour J

Disciplina

614.4

Soggetti

Molecular epidemiology

Chronic diseases - Epidemiology

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHRONICDISEASES; Contents; Contributors; Acknowledgements; 1  Introduction: why molecular epidemiology?; 2 Study design; 2.1. Introduction: study design at square one; 2.2. Epidemiological measures; 2.3. Bias; 2.4. More on confounding; 2.5. Specifi  cities of molecular epidemiology design; 2.6. Conclusions; References; Essential reading; 3  Molecular epidemiological studies that can be nested within cohorts; 3.1. Introduction; 3.2. Case-cohort studies; 3.3. Nested case-control studies

3.4. Considerations regarding biomarker analyses in case-cohort and nested case-control studies3.5. Conclusion; References; 4  Family



studies, haplotypes and gene association studies; 4.1. Introduction; 4.2. Family studies; 4.3. Genetic association studies; 4.4. Discussion; References; 5  Individual susceptibility and gene-environment interaction; 5.1. Individual susceptibility; 5.2. Genetic susceptibility; 5.3. Metabolic susceptibility genes; 5.4. Study designs; 5.5. Gene-environment interaction; 5.6. Exposure dose effects in gene-environment interactions

5.7. Mutational effects of gene-environment interactions5.8. Conclusions; References; 6 Biomarker validation; 6.1. Validity and reliability; 6.2. Biomarker variability; 6.3. Measurement of variation; 6.4. Other issues of validation; 6.5. Measurement error; 6.6. Blood collection for biomarkers; 6.7. Validation of high-throughput techniques; References; 7 Exposure assessment; 7.1. Introduction; 7.2. Initial considerations of an exposure assessment strategy; 7.3. Exposure pathways and routes; 7.4. Exposure dimensions; 7.5. Exposure classifi  cation, measurement or modelling

7.6. Retrospective exposure assessment7.7. Validation studies; 7.8. Quality control issues; References; 8  Carcinogen metabolites as biomarkers; 8.1. Introduction; 8.2. Overview of carcinogen metabolism; 8.3. Examples of carcinogen metabolite biomarkers; 8.4. Summary; References; 9  Biomarkers of exposure: adducts; 9.1. Introduction; 9.2. Methods for adduct detection; 9.3. Adducts identifi  ed in human tissue; 9.4. Adducts as biomarkers of occupational and environmental exposure to carcinogens; 9.5. Smoking-related adducts; 9.6. DNA adducts in prospective studies; 9.7. Conclusions; References

10  Biomarkers of mutation and DNA repair capacity10.1. Introduction; 10.2. Classifi  cation of mutations; 10.3. Mutations in molecular epidemiology; 10.4. DNA repair; 10.5. Classes of DNA repair; 10.6. Common assays to measure DNA repair capacity; 10.7. Integration of DNA repair assays into epidemiological studies; 10.8. Genetic markers for DNA repair capacity; References; 11  High-throughput techniques - genotyping and genomics; 11.1. Introduction; 11.2. Background; 11.3. SNP databases; 11.4. Study types; 11.5. Study design; 11.6. Genotyping technologies

11.7. Sample and study management and QC

Sommario/riassunto

""I think this is an excellent book-I recommend it to anyone involved in molecular epidemiology... The 26 chapters are written by topic specialists, in an explanatory, east to read style."" -BTS Newsletter, Summer 2009 ""This text provides an accessible and useful handbook for the epidemiologist who wants to survey the field, to become better informed, to look at recent developments and get some background on these or simply to appreciate further the relatively rapid changes in informatic and analytical technologies which increasingly will serve and underpin future epidemiol