Sex/gender-specific medicine in the gastrointestinal diseases / / Nayoung Kim

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910574061203321
• Autore: Kim Nayoung
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Gateway East, Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• ISBN: 9789811901201; 9789811901195
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (458 pages)
• Disciplina: 616.33
• Soggetti: Sex factors in disease; Gastrointestinal system - Diseases
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Introduction -- Contents -- Part I: Why Is Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine Needed? -- 1: Why Is Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine Needed? -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 History of Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine -- 1.3 What Is Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine? -- 1.4 The Need for Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine -- 1.5 Need for Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine in Gastrointestinal Diseases -- 1.6 Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Sex/Gender Differences in the Gastrointestinal Diseases -- 2: Sex/Gender Differences in the Gastrointestinal Diseases -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Effects of Sex/Gender on Disease -- 2.3 Effects of Sex/Gender on FGIDs -- 2.4 Effects of Sex/Gender on Alcohol-Related Gastrointestinal Diseases -- 2.4.1 Difference of Alcohol Metabolism by Sex -- 2.4.2 Differences in Alcohol Consumption Patterns by Gender -- 2.4.3 Differences in Healthcare Utilization by Gender Among Patients with Alcoholism -- 2.4.4 Alcohol-Related Physical Diseases -- 2.4.4.1 Alcohol and Esophageal Cancer -- 2.4.4.2 Alcohol and Gastric Cancer -- 2.4.4.3 Alcohol and Colorectal Cancer -- 2.4.4.4 Alcohol and Chronic Liver Disease -- 2.4.4.5 Alcohol and Pancreatitis -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Metabolism of Sex Hormones -- 3: Metabolism of Estrogen and Testosterone and Their Role in the Context of Metabolic Diseases -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Metabolism ; of Estrogen -- 3.3 Effects of Estrogen in the Context of Metabolic Diseases -- 3.4 Metabolism of Testosterone -- 3.5 Physiologic Effects of Testosterone -- 3.6 Effects of Testosterone in the Context of Metabolic Diseases -- 3.7 Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Esophagus -- 4: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Epidemiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.2.1 Population-Based Studies -- 4.2.2 Endoscopy-Based Studies.; 4.3 Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.3.1 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Estrogen on the Esophagus -- 4.3.2 Protective Function of the Esophageal Epithelium -- 4.3.3 Nociception -- 4.3.4 Psychological and Emotional Factors -- 4.3.5 Comparison of Risk Factors by Type of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.4 Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.4.1 Differences in Esophageal and Extraesophageal Symptoms by Sex/Gender -- 4.4.2 Differences in Frequency of Healthcare Usage by Sex/Gender -- 4.5 Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.5.1 Drug Response and Sex/Gender -- 4.5.2 Effects of Hormone Therapy for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- 5: Esophageal Motility Disorders -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Main Point -- 5.2.1 Achalasia -- 5.2.1.1 Epidemiology -- 5.2.1.2 Cause and Pathophysiology -- 5.2.1.3 Symptoms -- 5.2.1.4 Diagnosis -- 5.2.1.4.1 Barium Esophagography -- 5.2.1.4.2 Endoscopy -- 5.2.1.4.3 Esophageal Manometry -- 5.2.1.5 Treatment -- 5.2.2 Distal Esophagus Hypermotility Disorders -- 5.2.2.1 Definition and Pathophysiology -- 5.2.2.2 Clinical Symptoms -- 5.2.2.3 Diagnosis -- 5.2.3 Differences in Esophageal Motility Disorders Between Sexes -- 5.2.3.1 Epidemiology of Esophageal Motility Disorders and Differences Between Sexes -- 5.2.3.2 Symptoms of Esophageal Motility Disorders and Differences Between Sexes -- 5.2.3.3 Response to Treatment Between Sexes -- 5.3 Conclusions -- References -- 6: Sex Difference of Esophageal Cancer: Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma vs. Esophageal Adenocarcinoma -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma -- 6.2.1 Incidence and Mortality Rate of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the World -- 6.2.1.1 Incidence Rate of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Africa.; 6.2.1.2 Incidence Rate of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in South Korea -- 6.2.1.3 Mortality Rate of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in South Korea -- 6.2.2 Pathophysiology of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma -- 6.2.2.1 Sex Hormone -- 6.2.2.2 Alcohol -- 6.2.2.3 Smoking -- 6.2.2.4 Dietary Factors -- 6.2.2.5 Lower Body Mass Index -- 6.2.2.6 Genetics -- 6.3 Esophageal Adenocarcinoma -- 6.3.1 Incidence and Mortality Rate of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in the World -- 6.3.2 Pathophysiology of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma -- 6.3.2.1 Sex Hormone -- 6.3.2.2 Reflux Esophagitis and Barrett's Esophagus -- 6.3.2.3 Obesity -- 6.3.2.4 Smoking and Alcohol -- 6.3.2.5 Nutritional Factor -- 6.3.2.6 Drugs -- 6.3.2.7 Genetics -- 6.3.3 The Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on the Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Its Prognosis Defending on Age and Sex -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part V: Stomach -- 7: Functional Dyspepsia -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Definition of Functional Dyspepsia -- 7.3 Epidemiology and Prevalence of Functional Dyspepsia -- 7.4 Symptoms of Functional Dyspepsia -- 7.5 Pathophysiology of Functional Dyspepsia -- 7.5.1 Sex Hormones -- 7.5.2 Visceral Hypersensitivity -- 7.5.3 Psychological Distress -- 7.5.4 Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis and Gender Differences -- 7.5.4.1 Brain Response to Stress -- 7.5.4.2 Gut Microbiota -- 7.5.5 Gastroduodenal Dysfunction and Ghrelin -- 7.5.6 Genetic Factors -- 7.5.7 Low-Grade ; Duodenal Inflammation and Tight Junction Proteins -- 7.5.8 Food -- 7.6 Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia -- 7.6.1 Rapport Between Patients and Doctors -- 7.6.2 Adjustments to Lifestyle and Diet -- 7.6.3 Medication -- 7.6.3.1 H. pylori Eradication -- 7.6.3.2 Proton Pump Inhibitors -- 7.6.3.3 Prokinetics -- 7.6.3.4 Antidepressants -- 7.6.3.5 Targeting the Gut Microbiota -- 7.6.3.6 Psychotherapy.; 7.7 Conclusions -- References -- 8: Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastritis -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Sex/Gender Differences in the Epidemiology of H. pylori -- 8.3 Sex/Gender Differences in Chronic Gastritis -- 8.3.1 Sex/Gender Differences in the Distribution of Chronic Gastritis -- 8.3.2 Sex/Gender Differences in Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia -- 8.3.3 Sex/Gender Differences in 15-Year Changes in Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia -- 8.3.4 Sex/Gender Differences in Atrophic Gastritis and the Reversibility of Intestinal Metaplasia After H. pylori Eradication -- 8.4 Sex/Gender Differences in the H. pylori-Eradicated Population -- 8.5 Sex/Gender Differences in the Changes of Lipid Metabolism After H. pylori Infection -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- 9: Peptic Ulcer Disease -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Epidemiology and Sex/Gender Differences of Peptic Ulcers -- 9.2.1 Studies of Data from Health Check-Up Centers -- 9.2.2 Multicenter Studies of Data from Gastroenterology Departments at Tertiary Hospitals in 1995, 2000, and 2005 -- 9.2.3 Analysis of Peptic Ulcer Studies of Data from Gastroenterology Departments from 1990 to 2007 -- 9.3 Sex/Gender Differences in the Causes of Peptic Ulcers -- 9.3.1 Peptic Ulcers Due to H. pylori -- 9.3.2 Peptic Ulcers Due to NSAIDs -- 9.3.2.1 Membrane Permeabilization -- 9.3.2.2 COX-1 Inhibition and Decrease of Prostaglandins -- 9.3.2.3 Activation of Inflammatory Mediators -- 9.3.3 Non-H. pylori, Non-NSAID Peptic Ulcers -- 9.4 Sex/Gender Differences in the Mechanism of Peptic Ulcers -- 9.5 Changes in Peptic Ulcers in the Aging Population -- 9.6 Differences by Age and Sex/Gender in the Complications of Peptic Ulcers -- 9.7 Sex/Gender Differences in the Pharmacological Treatment of Peptic Ulcers.; 9.8 Sex/Gender Differences That Should Be Considered for Peptic Ulcer Prevention Strategies -- 9.9 Conclusions -- References -- 10: Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine for Intestinal-Type and Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Cancer and Estrogen -- 10.2.1 Mechanism of Estrogen/Estrogen Receptor Related to Cancer -- 10.2.2 Evidence That Sex/Gender Differences Should Be Reflected in Future Cancer Research -- 10.3 Incidence and Morality of Gastric Cancer -- 10.4 Sex/Gender Differences in Gastric Cancer -- 10.4.1 Differences in the Histology of Gastric Cancer by Sex/Gender and Age -- 10.4.2 Sex Hormones Such as Estrogen and Androgen and Their Receptors in Gastric Cancer -- 10.4.3 Serum Pepsinogen II ≥ 20 μg/L and H. pylori Positivity Are Biomarkers for Early-Stage Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer in Females Younger Than 40 -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References -- 11: Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine for Impact of Overweight, Obese, and Underweight on Gastric Cancer -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Association Between Overweight/Obesity and Gastric Cancer Incidence -- 11.3 Sex Difference in the Association Between Overweight/Obesity and Cardia Gastric Cancer Incidence -- 11.4 Association Between Underweight and Non-cardia Gastric Cancer Incidence -- 11.5 Sex Difference in the Association Between Underweight and Non-cardia Gastric Cancer Incidence -- 11.6 Conclusions -- References -- Part VI: Pancreas and Biliary Diseases -- 12: Pancreas and Biliary Diseases -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Benign Diseases in the Biliary System -- 12.2.1 Gallstone Disease -- 12.2.1.1 ; Epidemiology -- 12.2.1.2 Effects of Estrogen on Cholesterol Gallstones -- 12.2.1.3 Coffee Consumption and Gallstones -- 12.2.1.4 Physical Activity and Gallstones -- 12.2.1.5 Cholecystectomy for Gallstone Disease.; 12.2.1.6 Positive Association of Gallbladder Stones or Polyps with Colon Polyps.

Money, macroeconomics and Keynes [[electronic resource] ] : essays in honour of Victoria Chick . Vol. 1 / / edited by Philip Arestis, Meghnad Desai, and Sheila Dow

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910679788503321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: London ; ; New York, : Routledge, 2002
• ISBN: 1-134-57306-5; 1-280-40388-8; 0-203-46747-7; 0-203-24641-1
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (241 p.)
• Collana: Routledge frontiers of political economy ; ; 39
• Altri autori (Persone): ChickVictoria; ArestisPhilip <1941->; DesaiMeghnad; DowSheila C
• Disciplina: 330
• Soggetti: Keynesian economics; Monetary policy; Macroeconomics; Microeconomics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
• Nota di contenuto: Book Cover; Title; Contents; List of figures; List of tables; List of contributors; Introduction: On Chick's life as an academic; The 'Great Inflation', 1520 1640: Early views on endogenous money; The endogeneity of money; The transmission mechanism with endogenous money; Economic policy with endogenous money; Victoria Chick and the Theory of the Monetary Circuit: An enlightening debate; Keynes, ; money and modern macroeconomics; 'The stages' of financial development, financial liberalization and growth in developing economies: In tribute to Victoria Chick; On Keynes's concept of the revolving fund of financeOn a post-Keynesian stream from France and Italy: the Circuit approach; IS LM and macroeconomics after Keynes; On Keynes and Chick on prices in modern capitalism; Aggregate demand policy in the long run; The investment decision in Keynes's thought; Aggregate demand, effective demand, and aggregate supply in the open economy; Some myths about Phillips's curve; Transitional steady states: A contradiction in terms?; Unemployment in a small open economy; Why do macroeconomists disagree on the consequences of the Euro?; The fate of key currencies: DM, sterling and the EuroVictoria Chick's publications; Index
• Sommario/riassunto: This volume, along with its companion volume, Methodology, Microeconomics and Keynes is published in honour of Victoria Chick, inspired by her own contributions to knowledge in all of these areas and their interconnections. It represents both consolidation and the breaking of new ground in Keynesian monetary theory and macroeconomics by leading figures in these fields.