Accountability Relations in Social Housing Programs : A Comparative Legal Analysis of Brazilian and Chilean Case Studies / / Mariana Vilmondes

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910647265203321
• Autore: Vilmondes Mariana
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Berlin, Germany : , : Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH, , 2022
• ISBN: 3-8325-5488-2
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (529 pages) : illustrations
• Collana: UA Ruhr studies on development and global governance
• Disciplina: 320
• Soggetti: Poor; Housing; Chile; Brazil
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: List of Abbreviations and Translation . xi -- List of Annexes viii -- List of Tables . ix -- List of Figures x -- 1. Introduction . xvi -- 1.1 The State of the Research3 -- 1.2 The Analytical Framework 11 -- 1.3 The Aims, Methods and Justification 14 -- 1.4 The Research Questions . 17 -- 1.5 Limitations to this Research . 19 -- 1.6 Overview of the Structure 21 -- 2 Theoretical Framework 27 -- 2.1 Accountability as a Concept 27 -- 2.1.1 Understanding accountability 28 -- 2.1.2 Subjects of the relation 31 -- 2.1.3 Issues with translation 35 -- 2.2 The Rights-Based Approach 37 -- 2.2.1 Understanding this rights-based perspective . 37 -- 2.2.2 Goals and operations 38 -- 2.3 The Right to Adequate Housing 40 -- 2.3.1 Understanding the right to adequate housing 41 -- 2.3.2 Legal guarantees to the most marginalized groups . 46 -- 2.3.3 Social housing programs as a mechanism to combat human rights violations 49 -- 2.3.4 Economic growth and costs . 50 -- 2.4 Accountability Relations in Social Housing Programs . 52 -- 2.4.1 Responsibility 52 -- 2.4.2 Answerability . 53 -- 2.4.3 Enforcement . 54 -- 2.5 Summary 62 -- 3 A Review: historical, political, socio-economic, legal and policy backgrounds 63 -- 3.1 Historical, Political and Socio-economic Background 63 -- 3.1.1 A historical look. 63 -- 3.1.2 Latest political developments 64 -- 3.1.3 ; Socio-economic trends . 67 -- 3.2 Administrative Law Review 70 -- 3.2.1 Administrative and public procurement procedures 70 -- 3.2.2 Principles of Administrative Law in Brazil and Chile 72 -- 3.2.3 Rights-based principles 75 -- 3.2.4 Theories of responsibility of the State . 77 -- 3.3 Housing Policy Review 80 -- 3.3.1 Chilean Housing Policy Review 82 -- 3.3.2 Brazilian Housing Policy Review 88 -- 3.4 Summary 95 -- 4 Dimension 1: Responsibility in social housing programs 97 -- 4.1 Beneficiaries . 97 -- 4.1.1 Legal definitions 98 -- 4.1.2 Vulnerable categories: FAR, FDS, D.S. 19 and D.S. 49 . 101 -- 4.1.3 Emergent categories: FGTS (1.5, 2 and 3), D.S. 1 and D.S. 19104 -- 4.2 Service Providers . 109 -- 4.2.1 Financial institutions 109 -- 4.2.2 Firms and business enterprises of the private construction sector 114 -- 4.2.3 Supporting entities . 116 -- 4.2.4 Other supporting agents . 122 -- 4.2.5 Frontline professionals . 124 -- 4.3 Government 125 -- 4.3.1 Ministries . 126 -- 4.3.2 Funds 127 -- 4.3.3 Coordination bodies . 130 -- 4.3.4 Local public entities . 133 -- 4.3.5 Decentralization and coordination . 134 -- 4.4 Others . 137 -- 4.4.1 Courts . 137 -- 4.4.2 Internal control organs . 137 -- 4.4.3 Internal participatory mechanisms . 138 -- 4.4.4 External control 139 -- 4.4.5 Quasi-judicial agencies 139 -- 4.4.6 Financial Councils . 140 -- 4.4.7 Ombudspersons 140 -- 4.4.8 Superintendencies 141 -- 4.4.9 National participatory councils 142 -- 4.4.10 Local consultative bodies 144 -- 4.4.11 Grass-root movements . 145 -- 4.4.12 Academy and research institutes . 147 -- 4.4.13 Media . 148 -- 4.5 Summary 148 -- 5 Dimension 2: Answerability in social housing programs 151 -- 5.1 Beneficiaries . 153 -- 5.1.1 Eligibility . 153 -- 5.1.2 Application . 166 -- 5.1.3 Selection . 174 -- 5.1.4 Rights-based critics 183 -- 5.2 Service Providers . 214 -- 5.2.1 Eligibility, Application and Selection . 214 -- 5.2.2 Rights-based critics 229 -- 5.3 Government 255 -- 5.3.1 Informing, responding and justifying 256v 5.4 Summary 259 -- 6 Dimension 3: Enforcement in social housing programs 265 -- 6.1 Beneficiaries . 266 -- 6.1.1 Exit and Sanctions . 266 -- 6.1.2 Access to grievance and redress by vulnerable groups . 277 -- 6.1.3 Control and Remediation . 286 -- 6.2 Service Providers . 303 -- 6.2.1 Exit and Sanctions . 304 -- 6.2.2 Control and Remediation . 309 -- 6.3 Government 316 -- 6.3.1 Exit and Sanctions . 316 -- 6.3.2 Control and Remediation . 320 -- 6.4 Summary 337 -- 7 Synthesis and Discussion . 341 -- 7.1 Responsibility in focus . 343 -- 7.2 Answerability in focus . 352 -- 7.3 Enforcement in focus . 372 -- 8 Conclusion 381 -- References . 387 -- Annexes 429 -- 7 Guiding Rights-based Principles . 518.
• Sommario/riassunto: Institutional crises have been continuously imbedded in weak accountability. In Latin America, human rights' violations catalyze the outcomes of such crises. In the aim of understanding the housing crisis, this research evidenced a vicious cycle in Brazil and Chile: despite the creation of massive social housing programs, the lack of adequate housing particularly affects the most-poor due to weak accountability. The comparison of legal accountability relations in the urban social housing ownership models Minha Casa, Minha Vida, from Brazil, and D.S. 49, D.S. 1, and D.S. 19, from Chile, revealed several of those inconsistencies, but also advised on concrete solutions to their accountability relations inspired by the rights-based approach. Policies fall short on the organization of responsibilities to duty-bearers, whose weak obligations to inform, justify or respond neutralize concrete chances of enforcing redress or grievance. In such a scenario, this research showed that the most-vulnerable remain hindered from accessing the minimum existential and, particularly, adequate housing. The solution is obvious: the respect, protection and fulfillment of ; human rights must be used as means and goals of those or any other policies and institutional structures.

Understanding Indigenous Gender Relations and Violence : Becoming Gender AWAke / / by Catherine E. McKinley

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910640390103321
• Autore: McKinley Catherine E.
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2023
• ISBN: 3031185838; 9783031185830; 9783031185854; 3031185854
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2023.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (392 pages) : illustrations (chiefly color)
• Disciplina: 305.42; 305.488
• Soggetti: Psychology; Sex (Psychology); Behavioral Sciences and Psychology; Psychology of Gender and Sexuality; Dones indígenes; Igualtat de gènere; Rol sexual; Violència contra les dones; Colonialisme; Llibres electrònics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Decolonization from Prescriptive Gender Roles and Sexism – Living Gender AWAke -- Patriarchy and Its Handmaid, Sexism -- Introduction and Application of the Framework of Historical Oppression, Resilience, and Transcendence (FHORT) to Gender-Based Violence -- How Did It ; Happen? A Case Example of the Incremental, Cumulative, and Massive Efforts of Historical Oppression to Reverse Indigenous Women’s Roles and Statuses -- Divides, Disruptions, and Gendered Rearrangements: How Historical Oppression Impairs Communities and Contributes to Violence -- Contemporary Forms of Historical Oppression: Experiences and Consequences of Gendered IPV and Sexual Violence Experiences -- How Historical Oppression Undermines Families and Drives Risk for Violence -- Interlocking Experiences of Violence Across Women’s Life -- How Patriarchal Gender Roles, Early Childbearing (ECB) and Early Marriage (EM) Contribute to IPV -- Understanding Indigenous Women’s Experiences and Barriers to Liberation From Violence.-Patriarchal Gender Roles: Interconnections With Violence, Historical Oppression, and Resilience -- Gender Inequities in Home Life: Moms “Mostly Pulling the Weight” -- Gendered Differences in Experiences of Violence and Violence Perpetration -- Consequences of Violence on Women, Children, and Families -- Tipping the Balance: Violence Across the Life Course and Socioeconomic Strain Posing Risks While Family and Social Support Offsetting Anxiety and Depression -- Understanding Depression as an Embodiment of Historical Oppression and Ways to Transcend -- Land, Loss, and Violence: Contemporary Manifestations of Historical Oppression -- Family and Culture as Structures for Resilience, Resistance, and Transcendence From Violence -- Bending But Not Breaking: Resilience of Women Survivors of Violence -- What to Do Now? Listening and Learning From Survivors and Professionals Affected by Violence -- Understanding Gender and Connections Between Mental, Physical, Social, and Community, Cultural Health -- We Never Go Hungry There Cause My Mom Uses the Resource of the Land”: Returning to Sacred Roots of Subsistence to Promote Wellness and Resilience -- Understanding Interconnections and Factors Driving Gendered Mental Health Inequities -- Cultural, Community, Familial, and Individual Factors Related to Wellness Among Youth -- Family Resilience: Resisting and Offsetting Historical Oppression While Transcending -- Decolonizing Family Connectedness Enhancing Family Resilience -- “Your Kids Come First”: Plugged in and Protective Parenting Practices Promoting Resilience -- “Trust Us Enough to Come to Us”: Communication as a Building Block of Family Resilience -- “He Had Rules and He Had Guidelines”: Establishing Family Accountability and Structure Love: A Decolonizing Act of Rebellion to Promote Family Resilience and Reduce Alcohol Use -- “They Called [Great Grandmother] the Famous Storyteller Around Here”: Elders Transcending Historical Oppression Through Language, Story, and Culture -- “She Always KnowsWhat to Do”: Mothers Maintaining Central Roles in Family -- “We’ve Kind of Always Come Together”: Humanizing, Complementary, Fluid, Balanced, and Transcendent Gender Roles to Move Forward -- Tying It All Together: Living Gender AWAke.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book focuses on the inequities that are persistently and disproportionately severe for Indigenous peoples. Gender and racial-based inequities span from the home life to Indigenous women’s wellness—including physical, mental, and social health. The conundrum of how and why Indigenous women—many of whom historically held respected and even held sacred status in many matrilineal and female-centered communities—now experience the highest rates of gendered-based violence is focal to this work. Unlike Western European and colonial contexts, Indigenous societies tended to be organized in fundamentally distinct ways that were woman-centered and where gender roles and values were reportedly more egalitarian, fluid, flexible, inclusive, complementary, and harmonious. Understanding how Indigenous gender relations were targeted as a tool of patriarchal ; settler colonization and how this relates to women more broadly can be a key to unlocking gender liberation—a catalyst for readers tobecome ‘gender AWAke.’ Living gender AWAke encompasses living in alignment with agility (AWA), with clear awareness of how gender and other sociostructural factors affect daily life, as well as how to navigate such factors. To live in alignment, is to live from ones’ center and in accordance with one’s authentic self, with agility, by nimbly responding to life’s constantly shifting situations. This empirically-grounded work extends and deepens the Indigenist framework of historical oppression, resilience, and transcendence (FHORT) by delving deep into the resilience, transcendence, and wellness components of FHORT while centering gender. Understanding the changing gender roles for Indigenous peoples over time fosters decolonization more broadly by enabling greater understanding of how sexism and misogyny hurt people across personal and political spheres. This understanding can foster the process of becoming gender AWAke by identifying and dismantling of sexism and by becoming decolonized from prescriptive gender roles that inhibit living in alignment with one’s true or authentic self. Readers will gain: a research-based approach linking historical oppression, gender-based inequities, and violence against Indigenous women understanding of how patriarchal colonialism undermines all genders a tool to dismantle sexism more broadly pathways to become gender AWAke through the understanding of Indigenous women's resilience and transcendence.