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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910637721903321 |
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Titolo |
Blood Pressure Disorders in Diabetes Mellitus / / Adel E. Berbari and Giuseppe Mancia, editors |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2023] |
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©2023 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (467 pages) |
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Collana |
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Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection Series |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Blood circulation disorders |
Diabetes |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Introduction -- 1: Coexistence of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Hypertension-Diabetes Mellitus: A Bidirectional Relationship -- 1.2.1 Definition -- 1.2.2 Epidemiology -- 1.3 Classification of Hypertension-Diabetes-Associated Phenotypes -- 1.3.1 Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus -- 1.3.1.1 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus -- 1.3.1.2 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus -- 1.3.2 Diabetes Mellitus in Hypertension -- 1.4 New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus and Antihypertensive Medications -- 1.5 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Association -- 1.6 Hypertension-Diabetes Mellitus Coexistence and COVID-19 Relationship -- 1.7 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Epidemiological Aspects -- 2: Blood Pressure Disorders in Diabetic Children and Adolescents -- 2.1 Characteristics of Blood Pressure Measurement in the Pediatric Age -- 2.2 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus -- 2.2.1 Introduction -- 2.2.2 Prevalence of Hypertension and Risk Factors -- 2.2.3 Pathophysiology of HTN -- 2.3 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus -- 2.3.1 Introduction -- 2.3.2 Prevalence of Hypertension and Risk Factors -- 2.3.3 Pathophysiology -- 2.4 Management -- 2.4.1 Lifestyle Approach -- 2.4.2 Optimal Treatment -- 2.4.3 Therapeutic Approach for HTN -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- 3: Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 |
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Epidemiology of Hypertension in T2DM -- 3.3 Mechanisms of BP Elevation in T2DM -- 3.3.1 Endothelial Dysfunction -- 3.3.2 RAAS Overactivity -- 3.3.3 Sympathetic Overactivity -- 3.3.4 Abnormal Sodium Handling -- 3.3.5 Renal Dysfunction -- 3.3.6 Vascular Stiffness -- 3.3.7 Genetic Association -- 3.4 Characteristics of High BP in T2DM -- 3.4.1 Isolated Systolic Hypertension -- 3.4.2 High Variability -- 3.4.3 Non-Dipping Pattern. |
3.4.4 Salt Sensitivity -- 3.4.5 Toward Hyperkalemia -- 3.4.6 Resistant Hypertension -- 3.5 Impact of HTN on the Organ Damage in T2DM Patients -- 3.6 Treatment Strategies to Reduce CV Risk -- 3.7 BP Treatment in T2DM -- 3.7.1 Class of Antihypertensive Drugs -- 3.7.2 New GLDs, When and for Whom? -- 3.7.3 Intensive vs Standard Antihypertensive Treatment -- 3.7.4 Diabetic Nephropathy: What About Goals for Diabetic CKD -- 3.7.5 Use of 24-h ABPM -- 3.8 Future Trends -- References -- 4: Diabetes Complicating Pregnancy and Hypertension -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy -- 4.3 Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy -- 4.4 Classification of Hypertension -- 4.5 Treatment of Hypertension in Pregnancy -- 4.6 Insulin Resistance and Diabetes in Pregnancy -- 4.7 Increased Risk for Hypertension with Gestational Diabetes -- 4.8 Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Decreases the Risk of Hypertension -- 4.9 The Role of Aspirin in Prevention of Hypertension -- 4.10 The Effect of Hypertensive Treatment on Diabetes -- 4.11 Weight Loss to Reduce Risk -- 4.12 Hypertensive Disorders Complicating Diabetes Worsen the Maternal Fetal Outcome -- 4.13 Management of Diabetic Patient with Chronic Hypertension -- 4.14 Management of Diabetic Patient with Preeclampsia -- 4.15 Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Screening and Diagnostic Approaches in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients -- 5: Office/Out-of-Office Blood Pressure Measurements -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Masked Hypertension -- 5.2.1 Masked Hypertension and Organ Damage -- 5.2.2 Masked Hypertension and Outcome -- 5.3 White-Coat Hypertension -- 5.4 24-Hour Day-Night BP Changes -- 5.4.1 Relationship with Organ Damage -- 5.4.2 Relationship with Outcome -- 5.4.3 Impact on Chronotherapy -- 5.5 Self-Measured Home Blood Pressure -- 5.6 Blood Pressure Variability. |
5.7 Blood Pressure Targets -- 5.8 Conclusions -- References -- 6: Laboratory Indices/Bioimaging -- 6.1 Laboratory Indices -- 6.2 Other Circulating Biomarkers -- 6.3 Bioimaging -- 6.3.1 Electrocardiography -- 6.4 Imaging Techniques -- 6.4.1 Echocardiography -- 6.4.2 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance -- 6.4.3 Coronary Calcium Score -- 6.4.4 Carotid Intima-Media Thickness -- 6.4.5 Aortic Stiffness -- 6.4.6 Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Pathophysiological Mechanisms -- 7: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Vascular Disease in Diabetes -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Macrovascular and Microvascular Disease in Diabetes -- 7.3 Pathophysiology of Vascular Disease in Diabetes -- 7.3.1 Insulin Resistance -- 7.3.2 Endothelial Dysfunction -- 7.3.3 Vascular Remodeling -- 7.4 Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Dysfunction and Damage During Diabetes -- 7.4.1 Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and Activation of the AGE-Receptor AGE (RAGE) System -- 7.4.2 Oxidative Stress and Vascular Injury in Diabetes -- 7.4.3 Hyperglycaemia and Vascular Signalling -- 7.4.4 Inflammation and Vascular Injury in Diabetes -- 7.5 MicroRNAs, Diabetes and Vascular Complications -- 7.6 Conclusions -- References -- 8: Insulin and Blood Pressure Relationships -- 8.1 Observational Studies: Epidemiology -- 8.2 Mechanistic Studies Linking Insulin, Insulin Resistance and Blood Pressure Regulation -- 8.2.1 Insulin Resistance Facilitates Elevated Blood Pressure -- 8.2.2 Elevated Blood Pressure |
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Facilitates Insulin Resistance -- 8.2.3 Factors Able to Induce Simultaneously Insulin Resistance and Elevated Blood Pressure -- 8.3 Intervention Studies -- 8.3.1 Lifestyle Intervention: Weight Loss and Physical Exercise -- 8.3.2 Drug Effects on Insulin and Blood Pressure -- 8.4 Summary -- References. |
9: Mechanisms of Diabetic Nephropathy in Humans and Experimental Animals -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Pathology -- 9.3 Clinical Course -- 9.3.1 Normoalbuminuria -- 9.3.2 Microalbuminuria -- 9.3.3 Overt Nephropathy -- 9.4 Metabolic Dysregulation of Diabetic Nephropathy -- 9.4.1 Advanced Glycation Reactions -- 9.4.2 Protein Kinase C Signaling -- 9.4.3 Oxidative Stress -- 9.5 Glomerular Hemodynamics -- 9.6 Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Glomerulopathy -- 9.7 Tubulopathy in Diabetes -- 9.8 Inflammation -- 9.9 Conclusion -- References -- 10: Diabetes and Sympathetic Nervous System -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Epidemiology -- 10.3 Prediabetes and Diabetes -- 10.4 Pathophysiological Mechanisms -- 10.5 Insulin Resistance and Sympathetic Nervous System -- 10.6 Adrenergic Tone and Diabetes -- 10.7 Drugs May Help to Reduce Adrenergic Tone? -- 10.8 Conclusions -- References -- 11: Diabetes and Microcirculation -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Mechanisms of Microvascular Alterations in Diabetes -- 11.3 Endothelial Dysfunction -- 11.4 Structural Alterations -- 11.4.1 Small Resistance Arteries -- 11.4.2 Capillaries -- 11.5 Vascular Structural Alterations, End-Organ Damage, and Cardiovascular Events -- 11.6 Treatment -- 11.6.1 Effect of Antihypertensive Drugs -- 11.6.2 Effect of Antidiabetic Drugs -- 11.7 Conclusions -- References -- Part V: Target Organ Damage in Hypertensive Diabetic Patient -- 12: Endothelial Dysfunction and Large Artery Stiffness -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Endothelial Function and Large Artery Stiffness in Health and Disease -- 12.3 The Interplay Between Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes, Endothelial Function and Large Artery Stiffness -- 12.3.1 Hypertension and Endothelial Dysfunction -- 12.3.2 Hypertension and Large Artery Stiffness -- 12.3.3 Type 2 Diabetes and Endothelial Dysfunction. |
12.3.4 Type 2 Diabetes and Large Artery Stiffness -- 12.4 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 13: The Heart in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Epidemiology -- 13.3 Mechanisms of Myocardial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension -- 13.3.1 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus -- 13.3.2 Hypertension -- 13.4 Coronary Artery Disease in Hypertensive Diabetic Patients -- 13.4.1 Pathophysiology -- 13.4.2 Clinical Features -- 13.4.3 Imaging Findings -- 13.4.4 Treatment -- 13.4.4.1 Lifestyle Modifications -- 13.4.4.2 Primary Prevention -- 13.4.4.3 Secondary Prevention -- 13.4.4.4 Invasive Management -- 13.5 Cardiomyopathy in Hypertensive Diabetic Patients -- 13.5.1 Pathophysiology -- 13.5.2 Clinical Features -- 13.5.3 Imaging Findings -- 13.5.4 Treatment -- 13.5.4.1 Blood Pressure Management -- 13.5.4.2 Diabetes Management -- 13.5.4.3 Heart Failure Management -- 13.6 Conclusions -- References -- 14: Cerebrovascular Structural Alterations/Dysautonomic Disorders in Diabetes Mellitus -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Cerebrovascular Structural Alterations -- 14.2.1 Atherosclerosis and Stroke -- 14.2.2 Imaging Studies on Diabetes and Brain Structure -- 14.3 Cognitive Function -- 14.3.1 Type 1 Diabetes -- 14.3.2 Type 2 Diabetes -- 14.3.3 Depression -- 14.4 Dysautonomic Disorders -- 14.4.1 Definition -- 14.4.2 Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy -- 14.4.3 Other Clinical Manifestations of DAN -- 14.4.4 Pathogenesis -- 14.4.5 Prevention and Treatment -- 14.5 Conclusions -- References -- 15: Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus -- 15.1 |
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Epidemiology -- 15.1.1 Prognosis of Microalbuminuria -- 15.1.2 Prognosis of Diabetic Nephropathy -- 15.2 Clinical Course and Pathophysiology -- 15.2.1 Normoalbuminuria -- 15.2.2 Microalbuminuria -- 15.2.3 Diabetic Nephropathy -- 15.3 Treatment. |
15.3.1 Glycemic Control. |
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