| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910637704803321 |
|
|
Titolo |
Diabetic macular edema / / Sandeep Saxena and Timothy Y. Y. Lai, editors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pubbl/distr/stampa |
|
|
Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022] |
|
©2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISBN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Descrizione fisica |
|
1 online resource (227 pages) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disciplina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Soggetti |
|
Diabetes - Complications |
Edema |
Retina - Blood-vessels - Diseases |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lingua di pubblicazione |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
|
|
|
|
|
Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
|
|
|
|
|
Nota di bibliografia |
|
Includes bibliographical references. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nota di contenuto |
|
Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1: Diabetic Macular Edema: An Introduction -- 1.1 Diabetic Macular Edema: Introduction -- References -- 2: Pathophysiology of Diabetic Macular Edema -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Pathophysiology of Diabetic Macular Edema -- 2.2.1 Alteration of Blood-Retinal Barrier -- 2.2.2 Outer Blood-Retinal Barrier -- 2.2.3 Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier -- 2.3 Mechanisms of Disease -- 2.3.1 Oxidative Stress -- 2.3.2 Mitochondrial Alterations -- 2.3.3 Vascular Dysfunction -- 2.4 Inflammation -- 2.4.1 Molecules Involved and Therapeutic Potential -- 2.4.2 Growth Factors -- 2.4.3 Cytokines and Chemokines -- 2.5 Pharmacotherapies in Diabetic Macular Edema -- 2.6 Strategies for the Future: Current Clinical Trials in DME -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers in Diabetic Macular Edema -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 OCT Biomarkers in Diabetic Macular Edema -- 3.3 Retinal Biomarkers -- 3.3.1 Retinal Thickness -- 3.3.2 Disorganization of Retinal Inner Layers -- 3.3.3 Hyperreflective Retinal Foci and Hard Exudates -- 3.3.4 Intraretinal Cystoid Spaces -- 3.3.5 Pearl Necklace Sign -- 3.3.6 Bridging Retinal Processes -- 3.3.7 Subfoveal Neurosensory Detachment -- 3.3.8 Vitreomacular Interface -- 3.3.9 Integrity of External Limiting Membrane and Ellipsoid Zone -- 3.3.10 Photoreceptor Outer Segment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-- 3.3.11 Outer Retinal Layer Thickness [41] -- 3.3.12 Retinal Pigment Epithelium Thickness -- 3.3.13 Foveal Eversion -- 3.3.14 Parallelism -- 3.4 Choroidal Biomarkers -- 3.4.1 Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness -- 3.4.2 Choroidal Vascularity Index -- 3.4.3 Hyperreflective Choroidal Foci -- 3.5 OCT Angiography Biomarkers in Diabetic Macular Edema -- 3.5.1 Foveal Avascular Zone -- 3.5.1.1 Vessel Density in Superficial Capillary Plexus [53]. |
3.5.1.2 Loss of Deep Capillary Plexus -- 3.5.1.3 Middle Capillary Plexus -- 3.6 Summary -- References -- 4: Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Diabetic Macular Edema -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Diabetic Macular Edema Biomarkers in OCT -- 4.2.1 Bridging Retinal Processes -- 4.2.2 Choroidal Vascular Index -- 4.2.3 Disorganization of Retinal Inner Layers -- 4.2.4 Hyperreflective Retinal Foci and Hard Exudates -- 4.2.5 Hyperreflective Choroidal Foci -- 4.2.6 Intraretinal Cystoid Spaces -- 4.2.7 Integrity of External Limiting Membrane and Ellipsoid Zone -- 4.2.8 Retinal Thickness -- 4.2.9 Photoreceptor Outer Segment -- 4.2.10 Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness -- 4.2.11 Subfoveal Neurosensory Detachment -- 4.2.12 Taut Posterior Hyaloid Membrane -- 4.3 DME Biomarkers in OCT Angiography -- 4.3.1 Foveal Avascular Zone -- 4.3.2 Intercapillary Spacing -- 4.3.3 Microaneurysms, Intraretinal Microvascular Abnormalities, Neovascularization, Nonperfusion Areas -- 4.3.4 Retinal Vascular Density -- 4.3.5 Suspended Scattering Particles in Motion -- References -- 5: Targeted Screening of Macular Edema by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography for Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy: Translational Aspects -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Evaluation of Diabetic Macular Edema -- 5.3 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Diabetic Macular Edema -- References -- 6: Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents for Diabetic Macular Edema -- 6.1 Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema Before Anti-VEGF -- 6.2 History of VEGF Blockade Development [2] -- 6.3 Anti-VEGF Agents for DME: The Present Day -- 6.3.1 Avastin (Bevacizumab) -- 6.3.2 Lucentis (Ranibizumab) -- 6.3.3 Eylea (Aflibercept) -- 6.4 Adverse Effects of Anti-VEGF Agents -- 6.5 Treatment Regimens -- 6.5.1 When to Treat?. |
6.5.2 PRN Regimen -- 6.5.3 Treat and Extend Regimen -- 6.6 Cost-Effectiveness -- 6.7 Anti-VEGF Agents: Head-to-Head -- 6.8 Future of Anti-VEGF -- 6.8.1 Conbercept -- 6.8.2 Beovu (Brolucizumab) -- 6.8.3 Faricimab -- 6.9 Novel Therapies in Production [21] -- 6.9.1 Abicipar Pegol -- 6.9.2 Port Delivery System -- 6.9.3 Thermosensitive Hydrogels -- 6.9.4 Microparticles -- 6.9.5 Gene Therapy -- 6.10 Conclusion -- References -- 7: Agents Targeting Angiopoietin/Tie Pathway in Diabetic Macular Edema -- 7.1 Roles of Angiopoietin/Tie Pathway in Retinal Diseases and Diabetic Macular Edema -- 7.2 Razuprotafib (AKB-9778) -- 7.2.1 Razuprotafib Mechanism of Action -- 7.2.2 Phase 1 DME Study -- 7.2.3 Phase 2 TIME-2 Study -- 7.3 Nesvacumab + Aflibercept Coformulation (REGN910-3) -- 7.3.1 Nesvacumab Mechanism of Action -- 7.3.2 Phase 1 Trial -- 7.3.3 Phase 2 RUBY Study -- 7.4 Faricimab (RG7716) -- 7.4.1 Faricimab Mechanism of Action -- 7.4.2 Phase 2 BOULEVARD Study -- 7.4.3 Phase 3 RHINE and YOSEMITE Studies -- 7.4.4 RHONE-X Study -- 7.5 Other Potential Agents Targeting Angiopoietin/Tie Pathway for DME -- 7.5.1 AXT107 -- 7.5.2 BI 836880 -- 7.6 Summary -- References -- 8: DRCR.net Trials for Diabetic Macular Edema -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Protocol A: A Pilot Study of Laser Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema -- 8.3 Protocol B: A Randomized Trial Comparing Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide and Laser Photocoagulation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for Diabetic Macular Edema -- 8.4 Protocol H: A Phase 2 Evaluation of Anti-VEGF Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema: Bevacizumab (Avastin) -- 8.5 Protocol I: Intravitreal Ranibizumab or Triamcinolone Acetonide in Combination with Laser Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema. |
8.6 Protocol T: A Comparative Effectiveness Study of Intravitreal Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, and Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema -- 8.7 Protocol TX: A Comparative Effectiveness Study of Intravitreal Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, and Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema: Follow-Up Extension Study -- 8.8 Protocol U: Short-Term Evaluation of Combination Corticosteroid + Anti-VEGF Treatment for Persistent Central-Involved Diabetic Macular Edema Following Anti-VEGF Therapy -- References -- 9: Effect of Anti-VEGF Therapy on Inner and Outer Retinal Layers on Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Diabetic Macular Edema -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Pathogenesis of Diabetic Macular Oedema: Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor -- 9.3 Pathomorphology of Different Layers of Retina in Diabetic Macular Edema -- 9.4 SD-OCT-Based Changes in Inner Retinal Layers in Diabetic Macular Edema -- 9.5 SD-OCT-Based Changes in Outer Retinal Layers in Diabetic Macular Edema -- 9.6 Role of Anti-VEGF Therapy in DME -- 9.7 Changes in Inner and Outer Layers of Retina Post Anti-VEGF Therapy Based on SD-OCT -- 9.8 Conclusion -- References -- 10: Diabetic Macular Ischemia and Anti-VEGF Therapy -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 DMI -- 10.2.1 Pathogenesis -- 10.2.2 Diagnosis: FA -- 10.2.3 Diagnosis: OCTA -- 10.2.4 Visual Prognosis -- 10.3 DMI and Anti-VEGF -- 10.3.1 Influence of DMI on Anti-VEGF Therapy in Eyes with DME -- 10.3.2 Influence of Anti-VEGF on DMI -- References -- 11: Dexamethasone Implant in Diabetic Macular Edema -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Role of Inflammation in DME -- 11.3 Cataract Surgery and DME -- 11.4 Steroids as Therapeutic Option in DME -- 11.5 Dexamethasone Implant: Introduction -- 11.6 Role of Dexamethasone Implant in Current Clinical Practice: An Evidence-Based Approach. |
11.7 Dexamethasone Implant and Imaging Biomarkers of DME -- 11.7.1 Subretinal Fluid (SRF)/Subfoveal Serous Retinal Detachment (SSRD) -- 11.7.2 Hyperreflective Foci (HRF) -- 11.7.3 Hard Exudates -- 11.7.4 Disorganization of Retinal Inner Layers (DRIL) -- 11.8 Contraindications of DEX Implant -- 11.9 Summary -- References -- 12: Laser Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Pathophysiology of DME -- 12.3 Clinical Diagnosis of DME -- 12.4 Definitions of DME -- 12.5 Laser Therapy for Diabetic Retinopathy -- 12.5.1 Types of Laser -- 12.5.2 Properties of Laser [19] -- 12.5.3 Laser Absorption Characteristics of Tissues -- 12.5.4 Laser Treatment of Macular Edema -- 12.5.5 Mechanism of Action -- 12.5.6 Complications -- 12.5.7 Newer Forms of Laser Therapy -- 12.5.7.1 Selective Laser Therapy -- 12.5.7.2 Subthreshold Diode Micropulse Laser -- 12.5.7.3 Pattern Laser for DME -- 12.5.7.4 Image Guided Laser Therapy: Navigated Laser -- 12.5.8 Perspective of Intravitreal Pharmacotherapy -- 12.5.9 Current Indications for Laser Therapy in DME -- References -- 13: Surgical Management for Diabetic Macular Edema -- 13.1 The Role of the Vitreous in the Genesis of Diabetic Macular Edema -- 13.1.1 The Role of Epiretinal Membrane in Diabetic Macular Edema -- 13.2 History of Vitrectomy for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema -- 13.2.1 Limits of Early Studies -- 13.3 Present Knowledge and Adequate Surgical Indications -- 13.3.1 Vitreomacular Interface Alterations -- 13.3.2 Diffuse DME Without a Clinically Evident Tractional Component -- 13.3.3 Unresponsive Cases -- 13.3.4 Special Situations -- 13.4 Surgical |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Technique -- 13.4.1 The Role of ILM Peeling -- 13.4.1.1 Present Knowledge on ILM Peeling -- 13.4.2 Combined Treatments -- 13.4.3 Postoperative Complications -- 13.5 Postoperative Outcomes. |
13.5.1 Factors Affecting Postoperative Prognosis. |
|
|
|
|
|
| |