Intracranial and spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas / / edited by Xianli Lv

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910629301003321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• ISBN: 9789811957673; 9789811957666
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (306 pages)
• Disciplina: 910.5
• Soggetti: Fistula, Arteriovenous
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- About the Book -- Contents -- About the Editor -- 1: Classifications of Cranial and Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas and Their Endovascular Embolization -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Zipfel Classification of DAVFs [13] -- 1.3 Endovascular Approaches -- 1.4 Transarterial Embolization -- 1.4.1 nBCA -- 1.4.2 Onyx -- 1.4.3 PHIL and Squid -- 1.5 Transvenous Approach -- 1.6 Stereotactic Radiosurgery -- 1.7 Surgery -- 1.8 Endovascular Management Based on Zipfel Classification of DAVFs [13] -- 1.9 Conclusions -- References -- 2: Pediatric Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Review of the Literature and Case Report -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Pediatric dAVF Classification -- 2.2.1 Dural Sinus Malformation -- 2.2.2 Infantile dAVFs -- 2.2.3 Adult-Type dAVFs -- 2.2.4 Other Classifications -- 2.3 Pathogenesis -- 2.4 Natural History -- 2.5 Clinical Manifestations -- 2.5.1 Symptoms of High-Flow Arteriovenous Shunts -- 2.5.1.1 Pediatric DSM with dAVF -- 2.5.1.2 Infantile dAVF -- 2.5.2 Symptoms from Retrograde Venous Drainage -- 2.5.3 Symptoms of Cavernous Sinus Involvement -- 2.5.4 Other Symptoms -- 2.6 Diagnostics -- 2.7 Treatment -- 2.7.1 Endovascular Treatment -- 2.8 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Pediatric Dural Arteriovenous Shunts -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Classification and Description of Arteriovenous Shunts -- 3.3 Angiographic characteristics -- 3.4 Treatment -- 3.5 Predictors ; of Poor Neurological Outcome -- 3.6 Dural Sinus Malformations -- 3.7 Infantile Dural Arteriovenous Shunts -- 3.8 Adult-Type Dural Arteriovenous Shunts -- 3.9 Conclusion -- References -- 4: A Small Tentorial Dural Arteriovenous Fistula with a Venous Aneurysm in the Pons Mimicking a Cavernous Angioma -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Case Presentation -- 4.3 Discussion -- 4.4 Conclusion.; References -- 5: Endovascular Treatment for Traumatic Internal Carotid Cavernous Fistula: Current Difficulties and Solutions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Angioarchitecture of TICCF -- 5.2.1 Feeding Artery -- 5.2.2 CS State and Fistula -- 5.2.3 Draining Path -- 5.2.4 Relationship Between Symptoms and Venous Drainage -- 5.3 EVT Principle and Choices -- 5.4 Transarterial EVT Technique -- 5.4.1 Reconstructive with Detachable Balloon or Coils -- 5.4.2 Reconstructive with Covered Stent and FD -- 5.4.2.1 Covered Stent -- 5.4.2.2 Flow Diversion -- 5.4.3 Deconstruction with ICA Trapping -- 5.5 Transvenous or Combined Transarterial EVT Techniques -- 5.6 Special Types of TICCF -- 5.6.1 Bilateral TICCFs -- 5.6.2 Recurrent TICCF -- 5.7 Complications -- 5.7.1 Technique Complication -- 5.7.2 Cranial Nerve Palsy -- 5.7.3 Ischemic Complication -- 5.7.4 Trigeminocardiac Reflex -- 5.8 Prognosis -- 5.9 Summary -- References -- 6: Angioarchitecture of Dural Arteriovenous Fistula -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Understanding dAVF Angioarchitecture from a Pathogenetic Point of View -- 6.2.1 The Dural Venous Sinus "Compartment" as the Site of the Fistula -- 6.2.2 Parallel Venous Channel -- 6.2.3 The Common Arterial Collector -- 6.3 Classification Schemes That Detail Venous Aspects of the Angioarchitecture of dAVF -- 6.4 Location-Specific Angioarchitecture -- 6.5 Summary -- References -- 7: The Clinical Value of SWI in Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: Detection of Extensive Parenchymal Pathology -- 7.1 Case Report -- 7.2 Discussion -- 7.3 Conclusion -- References -- 8: Transvenous Embolization of Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Transvenous Methods -- 8.3 Selection of Embolic Materials -- 8.4 Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas (CCFs) -- 8.5 Transverse-Sigmoid Sinus DAVFs -- 8.6 Tentorial DAVFs -- 8.7 Superior Sagittal Sinus DAVFs.; 8.8 Anterior Cranial Fossa DAVFs -- 8.9 Other DAVFs -- 8.10 Conclusions -- References -- 9: Dural Carotid-Cavernous Fistula Treatment -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Cavernous Sinus Anatomy -- 9.3 Arterial Supply to a dCCF -- 9.4 Endovascular Treatment of a dCCF -- 9.5 Transvenous Access -- 9.5.1 Inferior Petrosal Sinus Approach -- 9.5.1.1 Ipsilateral IPS Approach -- 9.5.1.2 Contralateral IPS Approach -- 9.5.1.3 Approach for Bilateral Dural CCFs -- 9.5.2 Facial Vein Approach -- 9.5.3 Superficial and Middle Temporal Vein Approach -- 9.5.4 Superior Petrosal Sinus (SPS) Approach -- 9.5.5 Direct SOV Puncture -- 9.5.6 Transarterial Access -- 9.5.7 Open Surgery -- 9.6 Complications of Endovascular Embolization -- 9.7 Conclusion -- References -- 10: Cavernous Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Transorbital Cavernous Sinus Direct Puncture -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Anatomy -- 10.2.1 Venous Connections -- 10.2.2 Cranial Nerves, Optic Canal and Orbital Fissures -- 10.3 Classification -- 10.4 Clinical Manifestations -- 10.5 Diagnosis -- 10.6 Treatment -- 10.6.1 Treatment Options -- 10.6.2 Endovascular Treatment: Results and Limitations -- 10.6.3 Alternative Approaches -- 10.6.4 Cavernous Sinus Direct Puncture: Technique -- 10.6.4.1 Inferolateral Access -- 10.6.4.2 Superomedial Access -- 10.7 Conclusion -- References -- 11: Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: The Role of Transarterial and Transvenous Balloon-Assisted Embolization -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Pros and Cons of Transarterial ; and Transvenous Approaches -- 11.2.1 Transarterial Approach -- 11.2.2 Transvenous Approach -- 11.3 Dural Sinus Sacrifice Versus Dural Sinus Preservation -- 11.4 Specific Challenges While Treating DAVFs -- 11.4.1 DAVFs with Direct Leptomeningeal Venous Drainage -- 11.4.2 DAVFs Draining to a Dural Sinus.; 11.5 Rationale for the Use of Balloon Catheters in DAVF Treatment -- 11.5.1 Transarterial Double-Lumen Balloon -- 11.5.2 Transvenous "Protective" Balloon -- 11.6 Technical Nuances for the Use of Transarterial and Transvenous Balloon Catheters -- 11.6.1 DAVFs with Direct Leptomeningeal Venous Drainage -- 11.6.2 DAVFs Draining to a Dural Sinus -- 11.7 Results of the Balloon-Assisted Treatment of DAVFs -- 11.7.1 Transarterial Double-Lumen Balloon Catheter -- 11.7.2 Transvenous "Protection" Balloon Catheter -- 11.8 Perspectives -- 11.9 Conclusion -- References -- 12: Tentorial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Anatomy, Clinical Presentation and Endovascular Treatment -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Epidemiology -- 12.3 Anatomical Considerations -- 12.4 Vascular Supply -- 12.5 Venous Drainage -- 12.6 Clinical Presentation -- 12.7 Classification -- 12.8 Treatment -- 12.8.1 Microsurgical Treatment -- 12.8.2 Endovascular Treatment -- 12.8.2.1 Transvenous Approach -- 12.8.2.2 Transarterial Approach -- 12.8.3 Endovascular Treatment Results -- 12.8.4 Importance of the Preferential Use of the Middle Meningeal Artery -- 12.8.5 Middle Meningeal Artery Limitations -- 12.8.6 Use of an Alternative Arterial Access -- 12.8.7 Transvenous and Combined Approaches -- 12.8.8 Nonadhesive Liquids as the Preferred Embolic Agent -- 12.8.9 Influence of the Number of Arterial Feeders -- 12.8.10 Clinical Outcomes -- 12.8.11 Complications -- 12.8.12 Cranial Nerve Deficits After Arterial Embolization -- 12.8.13 Middle Meningeal Artery -- 12.8.14 Medial Tentorial Artery -- 12.8.15 Distal Onyx Migration -- 12.8.16 Hemorrhage -- 12.9 Conclusions -- References -- 13: Structural Analysis of Tentorial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae with Special Considerations of Venous Ectasia: Proposing a Simpler Classification -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Clinical Presentations.; 13.3 Summary of Previously Reported Classifications: Anatomy of a Tentorium Cerebelli and TdAVF -- 13.4 Our Data -- 13.4.1 Materials and Methods -- 13.4.2 Results -- 13.4.3 Case Presentations -- 13.4.4 Discussion -- 13.5 The BVs and the EVs -- 13.5.1 BV -- 13.5.2 BV Related to TdAVF -- 13.5.2.1 Superior Tentorial BVs -- 13.5.2.2 Petrosal BVs or Anterior Metencephalic Group -- 13.5.2.3 Falcine BVs -- 13.5.2.4 Galenic or Superior Group of the Posterior Fossa -- 13.5.2.5 Inferior Tentorial BVs or Dorsal Metencephalic Group -- 13.5.3 EVs -- 13.6 Concept of "Directness, Exclusiveness, and Strain" [65] -- 13.6.1 General Considerations -- 13.7 Conclusions -- 13.7.1 Locations of the Shunt of TdAVF -- References -- 14: Dural Arteriovenous Fistula in Moyamoya Angiopathy -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Pathophysiology -- 14.3 Management -- 14.4 Conclusion -- References -- 15: Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Shunts -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Classification of the SDAVSs (Fig. 15.1, Tables 15.1 and 15.2) [1, 2] -- 15.3 Natural History and Age Onset, Clinical Presentation Corresponding to Each Type of Classification [2, 6, 12] -- 15.3.1 Spinal SDAVS -- 15.3.2 Pathology: Clinical Presentation -- 15.3.3 SDAVS: Pathophysiology -- 15.4 Treatment Options: Need Full Information from Imaging Findings -- 15.4.1 SDAVS: Treatment Indications [6, 8, 11] -- 15.4.2 SDAVS: Endovascular Treatment [1, 3, 6, 8, 13] -- 15.4.3 SDAVS: Treatment Surgery -- 15.5 Imaging of Spinal DAVS -- 15.5.1 MRI Imaging of Spinal DAVS (Fig. 15.3) [1, 6-8] -- 15.5.2 Current Imaging Protocol [1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 14, 15] -- 15.5.3 ; Special Consideration in Pediatric Spinal Arteriovenous Shunts -- 15.5.4 Differential Diagnosis -- 15.5.4.1 Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Shunts -- 15.6 Spinal Vascular Anatomy and Imaging (Figs. 15.20, 15.21 and 15.22) [1, 4, 7, 9, 15].; 15.6.1 Routine Protocol in the Work-Up of the Spinal AV Shunt in the Spinal Angiogram (Figs. 15.23, 15.24, 15.25, 15.26 and 15.27).