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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910629276703321 |
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Autore |
Breckle Siegmar-W |
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Titolo |
Vegetation and climate / / Siegmar-W. Breckle, M. Daud Rafiqpoor |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Berlin, Germany : , : Springer, , [2022] |
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©2022 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (572 pages) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Ecology |
Vegetation and climate |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Accompanying Word -- Accompanying Word -- Preface -- Amendment to the English Edition -- Amendment to the English Edition -- Contents -- Physical Units and Conversion Factors -- Basic Units -- Basic Units -- Other Units -- Further Conversions -- Transformation Energy for Changes in the State of Water -- Internationally Defined Prefixes for Units and the Associated Factors (English Designations) -- Abbreviations and Symbols -- Part I: General Part -- 1: Preliminary Remarks -- 1.1 Scientific Ecology -- 1.2 Importance of Systematics and Taxonomy for Biology -- 1.3 Importance of Scientific Documentation (e.g. in Museums) -- 1.4 Importance of Excursions for Young Scientists -- References -- 2: Part A: Ecological Basics (Autecology) -- 2.1 Ecological Factors -- 2.1.1 Radiation, Light -- Radiation and Plant -- Absorption of Radiation Through the Leaves -- 2.1.2 Temperature, Frost, Heat -- 2.1.3 Water -- Global Water Supply -- Water Balance Types and Drought Resistance -- Soil Water -- Water State of the Cell -- Xerophytes -- 2.1.4 Chemical Factors and the Soil -- Nutrients and Trace Elements, Mineral Supply -- Salt: Halophytes and Salt Soils, Halobiomes -- 2.1.5 Mechanical Factors -- Wind, Trampling -- Fire -- 2.2 The Climate -- 2.2.1 General Questions -- 2.2.2 The Radiation Budget and Astronomical Basics -- 2.2.3 The Heat Balance -- 2.2.4 The Water Balance -- 2.2.5 The Earth´s Eco-Climates (Climate Classification) -- 2.2.6 Climate Representation: Thermo-Isopleth |
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Diagrams, Ecological Climate Diagrams -- References -- 3: Part B: Ecological Basis (Synecology) -- 3.1 Environment and Competition -- 3.2 Pollination and Fertilization (Flowers, Seeds, Fruits) -- 3.3 Dispersal and Distribution -- 3.4 Ecotypes and Biotope Change -- 3.5 The Historical Dimension -- 3.6 Coevolution and Symbioses -- 3.7 Population Ecology -- 3.8 Biodiversity. |
3.8.1 The Uneven Global Distribution of Biodiversity -- 3.8.2 On the Value of Threatened Diversity -- 3.9 Zonal, Azonal and Extrazonal Vegetation -- References -- 4: Part C: Ecological Systems and Ecosystem Biology -- 4.1 Geo-Biosphere and Hydro-Biosphere -- 4.2 The Hydro-Biosphere -- 4.3 Division of the Geo-Biosphere into Zonobiomes -- 4.4 Zonoecotone -- 4.5 Ecological Systems -- 4.6 Orobiomes and Pedobiomes -- 4.7 Biome -- 4.8 Small Units of the Ecological System: Biogeocenes and Synusia -- 4.9 Ecosystem Biology and the Nature of Ecosystems -- 4.10 Highly Productive Ecosystems -- 4.11 Peculiarities of the Material Cycles of Different Ecosystems -- 4.12 The Importance of Fire for Ecosystems -- 4.13 The Individual Zonobiomes and Their Distribution -- References -- Part II: Special Part -- 5: Part D: ZB I-Zonobiome of the Evergreen Tropical Rainforest or of the Equatorial Humid Diurnal Climate -- 5.1 Typical Features of the Climate in ZB I -- 5.2 Soils and Pedobiomes -- 5.3 Vegetation -- 5.3.1 Structure of the Tree Layer, Flowering Periodicity -- 5.3.2 Mosaic Structure of the Habitats -- 5.3.3 Herb Layer -- 5.3.4 Lianas -- 5.3.5 Epiphytes, Hemi-Epiphytes and Strangler -- 5.3.6 Epiphyllic Plants -- 5.3.7 Biodiversity -- 5.4 Different Types of Vegetation in Zonobiome I Around the Equator -- 5.5 Orobiome I: Tropical Mountains with Diurnal Climate -- 5.5.1 Forest Belt -- 5.5.2 Forest Line -- 5.5.3 Andine (Alpine) Belt -- 5.6 The Biogeocoenes of the Zonobiome I as Ecosystems -- 5.7 Fauna and Food Chains in the Zonobiome I -- 5.8 Man in the Zonobiome I -- 5.9 Zonoecotone I/II: Semi-Evergreen Forest-Thorn Savannah -- References -- 6: Part E: ZB II: Zonobiome of Savannahs, Deciduous Forests and Grasslands of the Tropical Summer Rainfall Area -- 6.1 General -- 6.2 Climate, Soils and Zonal Vegetation -- 6.3 Savannahs (Trees and Grasses) -- 6.4 Park Landscapes. |
6.5 Examples of Large Savannah Areas -- 6.5.1 Llanos on the Orinoco -- 6.5.2 Campos Cerrados -- 6.5.3 The Chaco Area -- 6.5.4 Savannahs and Park Landscapes of East Africa -- 6.5.5 Monsoon Forests in India -- 6.5.6 Vegetation of the Australian ZB II -- 6.6 Ecosystem Research: Examples -- 6.6.1 The Lamto Savannah -- 6.6.2 The Animal World -- 6.7 Tropical Hydrobiomes in ZB I and ZB II -- 6.8 Mangroves as Halo-Helobiomes in ZB I and ZB II -- 6.9 Shore Formations: Psammobiome -- 6.10 Orobiome II: Tropical Mountains with an Annual Temperature Cycle -- 6.11 Man in the Savannah -- 6.12 Zonoecotone II/III -- 6.12.1 Sahel -- 6.12.2 Thar or Sind Desert -- 6.12.3 The Caatinga -- 6.12.4 Tropical East Africa -- 6.12.5 SW Madagascar -- References -- 7: Part F: ZB III: Zonobiome of Hot Deserts or Subtropical Arid Climate -- 7.1 Climatic Subzonobiomes -- 7.2 Soils and their Water Balance -- 7.3 Substrate Dependent Desert Types -- 7.3.1 The Stone Desert (Hamada) -- 7.3.2 The Gravel Desert (Serir or Reg) -- 7.3.3 Sand Desert (Erg or Areg) -- 7.3.4 The Dry Valleys (Wadis or Oueds) -- 7.3.5 Pans (Sabkhas, Dayas or Schotts) and Takyr -- 7.3.6 Oases -- 7.4 Water Supply for Desert Plants -- 7.5 Ecological Types of Desert Plants -- 7.6 Productivity of Desert Vegetation -- 7.7 Desert Vegetation in the Different Floral Kingdoms -- 7.7.1 Sahara -- 7.7.2 Negev and the Sinai -- 7.7.3 Arabian Peninsula -- 7.7.4 Sonora -- 7.7.5 Australian Deserts -- 7.7.6 Namib and Karoo -- 7.7.7 Atacama -- 7.8 Orobiome III: The Desert Mountains of the Subtropics -- 7.9 Man in the Desert -- 7.10 The Zonoecotone III/IV: The Semi-Deserts -- References -- 8: Part G: |
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ZB IV-Zonobiome of Sclerophyllic Woodlands Mediterranean Winter Rain Areas -- 8.1 General, Climate, Soils -- 8.2 Origin of Zonobiome IV and Their Relations to Zonobiome V -- 8.3 The Mediterranean Area. |
8.4 Importance of Sclerophylly in Competition -- 8.5 Arid Mediterranean Subzonobiome, N Africa, Anatolia, Iran -- 8.6 California and Neighbouring Regions -- 8.7 Central Chilean Winter Rain Region with the Zonoecotones -- 8.8 The Cape Province in South Africa -- 8.9 SW and S Australia -- 8.10 Mediterranean Orobiome -- 8.11 Climate and Vegetation of the Canary Islands -- 8.12 Afghanistan at the Eastern Edge of the Winter Rain Zone -- 8.12.1 Irano-Turanian Floral Elements -- 8.12.2 Sino-Japanese Floral Elements -- 8.12.3 Saharo-Sindian and Other Floral Elements in Afghanistan -- 8.12.4 Floristic Elements of the Afghan High Mountains -- 8.13 Man in the Mediterranean -- References -- 9: Part H: ZB V-Zonobiome of the Laurel Forests or of the Warm Temperate Humid Climate -- 9.1 General, Climate, Soils -- 9.2 Tertiary Forests, Lauriphylly and Sclerophylly -- 9.3 Subzonobiome on the Western Sides of the Continents -- 9.3.1 North America, Forests with Giant Conifers -- 9.3.2 Valdivian Rainforest in Southern Chile -- 9.3.3 Western Australia -- 9.3.4 Western Europe -- 9.3.5 The Colchis and Hyrcania -- 9.4 Humid Subzonobiome on the Eastern Sides of the Continents -- 9.4.1 East Asia, China, Japan -- 9.4.2 Southeastern North America -- 9.4.3 Araucaria Forests of Southeast Brazil -- 9.4.4 South Africa -- 9.4.5 Biomes of Eucalyptus-Nothofagus forests in South-eastern Australia and Tasmania -- 9.4.6 Warm Temperate Biomes of New Zealand -- References -- 10: Part I: ZB VI-Zonobiome of Winter Bare Deciduous Forests or Temperate Nemoral Climate -- 10.1 Leaf Shedding as an Adaptation to the Winter Cold -- 10.2 Importance of Winter Cold for Species of the Nemoral Zone -- 10.3 Distribution of the Zonobiome VI -- 10.4 Atlantic Heaths -- 10.5 The Deciduous Forest as an Ecosystem -- 10.5.1 General -- 10.5.2 The Beech Forest in the Solling as an Ecosystem. |
10.5.3 Ecophysiology of the Tree Layer -- 10.5.4 Ecophysiology of the Herb Layer (Synusiae) -- 10.5.5 Water Balance -- 10.5.6 The Long Cycle (Consumers) -- 10.5.7 Decomposers in Litter and Soil -- 10.5.8 Solling Ecosystem -- 10.6 Orobiome VI: The Northern Alps and the Alpine Forest and Tree Line -- 10.6.1 The Elevational Belts -- 10.6.2 The Forest Belts -- 10.6.3 Alpine and Nival Belts -- 10.7 Zonoecotone VI/VII: Forest-Steppe -- References -- 11: Part J: ZB VII-Zonobiome of Steppes and Cold Deserts or of Arid Temperate Climate -- 11.1 Climate -- 11.2 Soils of the Steppe Zone of Eastern Europe -- 11.3 Meadow Steppes on Mighty Chernozem and the Feather Grass Steppes -- 11.4 North American Prairie -- 11.5 Ecophysiology of Steppe and Prairie Species -- 11.6 Asian Steppes -- 11.7 Wildlife of the Steppes -- 11.8 Steppes of the Southern Hemisphere -- 11.9 Sub-Zonobiome of the Semi-Deserts -- 11.9.1 Distribution -- 11.9.2 Vegetation in Afghanistan -- Calligonum-Stipagrostis Communities of Sandy Deserts (Fig. 8.57: 1a) -- Haloxylon Salicornicum Communities in Gravel Deserts (Fig. 8.57: 1b) -- Other Shrubby and Semi-Shrubby Chenopodiaceous Deserts and Semi-Deserts (Fig. 8.57: 1c) -- Ephemeral Semi-Desert on Loess Soils (Fig. 8.57: 1d) -- Shrubby Amygdalus Semi-Desert (Fig. 8.57: 1e) -- 11.10 Subzonobiome of the Central Asian Deserts -- 11.11 The Karakum Sand Desert -- 11.12 The Aralkum Desert -- 11.13 Orobiome VII (rIII) in Middle Asia -- 11.13.1 Tien Shan -- 11.13.2 The High Mountains of Afghanistan -- Alpine Semi-Deserts, Steppes and Meadows (Fig. 8.59: 7b) -- Nival Belt (Fig. 8.59:8) -- Ecophysiological Data from Afghan Mountains -- 11.14 Subzonobiome of the Central Asian Deserts -- 11.15 Subzonobiome of |
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the Cold High Plateau Deserts of Tibet and Pamir (sZB VII, tIX) -- 11.16 Man in the Steppe and Cold Desert. |
11.17 Zonoecotone VI/VIII: Boreo-Nemoral Zone. |
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