Amino acids in human nutrition and health [[electronic resource] /] / edited by J.P.F. D'Mello

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910627299803321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Wallingford, Oxfordshire ; ; Cambridge, MA, : CABI, c2012
• ISBN: 1-283-42582-3; 9786613425829; 1-84593-901-8
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (578 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): D'MelloJ. P. Felix
• Disciplina: 612.015756; 612/.015756
• Soggetti: Amino acids in human nutrition; Amino acids - Metabolism
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Contents; Contributors; Preface; Glossary; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; R; S; T; U; V; W; PART I: ENZYMES AND METABOLISM; 1 Glutamate Dehydrogenase; 1.1 Abstract; 1.2 Introduction; 1.3 GDH in Animals; 1.4 Active Site; 1.5 Role of GDH in Insulin Homeostasis; 1.6 Evolution of GDH Allostery; 1.7 Conclusions; 1.8 Acknowledgements; 2 Aminotransferases; 2.1 Abstract; 2.2 Introduction; 2.3 The Role of Aminotransferases in Brain Metabolism; 2.4 Alanine Aminotransferases and Glutamate; 2.5 Aspartate Aminotransferases and their Role in the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle and Glutamate Metabolism2.6 Pathological Conditions Resulting from Impaired Aminotransferase Metabolism; 2.7 Aminotransferase Proteins as Biomarkers of Disease; 2.8 Conclusions and Future Directions; 3 Arginase; 3.1 Abstract; 3.2 Introduction; 3.3 Isoforms and Distribution; 3.4 Structure and Location of Arginase; 3.5 Involvement of Arginase in Health and Disease; 3.6 Regulation of Activity; 3.7 Arginase Inhibitors; 3.8 Conclusions; 4 Bypassing the Endothelial L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway: Effects of Dietary Nitrite and Nitrate on Cardiovascular Function4.1 Abstract; 4.2 Introduction; 4.3 L-Arginine: A Semi-Essential Amino Acid in Human ; Physiology; 4.4 L-Arginine is the Substrate of the Nitric Oxide Synthases: The L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway; 4.5 L-Arginine in Cardiovascular Disease: Perspectives and Limitations; 4.6 Nitric Oxide Generation without NO-Synthase? Bypassing the L-Arginine Pathway; 4.7 The Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway; 4.8 Effects of Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Physiology; 4.9 Dietary Nitrate and Nitrite4.10 Conclusions; 4.11 Acknowledgements; 5 Histidine Decarboxylase; 5.1 Abstract; 5.2 Introduction; 5.3 Histidine Decarboxylase Enzyme; 5.4 Histidine Decarboxylase Gene; 5.5 Pharmacological Inhibition; 5.6 mRNA Antisense and Gene Knockout; 5.7 Neurophysiology and Behaviour; 5.8 Summary and Conclusions; 5.9 Acknowledgements; 6 Glutamate Decarboxylase; 6.1 Abstract; 6.2 Introduction; 6.3 Distribution of GABA; 6.4 GAD 65 in Blood Leucocytes; 6.5 Taste Signalling; 6.6 Suggestions for Future Research; 6.7 Conclusions; 6.8 Acknowledgements; 7 Glutaminase; 7.1 Abstract; 7.2 Introduction7.3 Mammalian Glutaminase Genes and Transcripts; 7.4 Mammalian Glutaminase Enzymes; 7.5 Glutaminase Expression in Mammalian Brain; 7.6 State of Art and Perspectives; 7.7 Conclusions; 7.8 Acknowledgements; 8 D-Serine and Serine Racemase in the Retina; 8.1 Abstract; 8.2 Introduction; 8.3 NMDA Receptor and D-serine as a Co-agonist; 8.4 D-Serine in the Retina; 8.5 Mechanisms of D-Serine Uptake in the Retina; 8.6 D-Serine and Serine Racemase in Retinal Neurons; 8.7 Role of D-Serine in the Retina; 8.8 Role of D-Serine and Serine Racemase in Neuronal Cell Death; 8.9 Conclusions; 8.10 Acknowledgements
• Sommario/riassunto: Human health issues relating to amino acids are extremely broad and include metabolic disorders of amino acid metabolism as well as their presence in food and use as supplements. This book covers the biochemistry of amino acid metabolism in the context of health and disease. It discusses their use as food supplements, in clinical therapy and nutritional support and focuses on major recent developments, highlighting new areas of research that will be needed to sustain further interest in the field. It is suitable researchers and students in human nutrition and food science.