Glaciology and glacial geomorphology / / Wilfried Hagg

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910624395603321
• Autore: Hagg Wilfried
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Berlin, Germany : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• ISBN: 9783662647141; 9783662647134
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (189 pages)
• Disciplina: 551.315
• Soggetti: Glacial landforms; Glaciology; Geomorphology
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1: Introduction and History of Research -- 1.1 Object of Research -- 1.2 History of Research -- References -- 2: Origin of Glaciers -- 2.1 Preconditions for Glacier Formation -- 2.2 Processes Involved -- 2.2.1 Snowfall -- Excursus 2.1: Snow Crystals -- 2.2.2 Snow Metamorphosis -- 2.2.3 Densification of the Snow -- 2.3 Physical Properties of Glacial Ice -- References -- 3: Ice Movement -- 3.1 Description of the Movement Pattern -- 3.2 Processes Involved in Ice Movement -- 3.2.1 Internal Deformation -- 3.2.2 Basal Sliding -- 3.2.3 Bed Deformation -- 3.2.4 Glacier Flow Velocity -- 3.3 Special Case Surge -- 3.4 Visible Witnesses of Ice Movement: Crevasses and Ogives -- References -- 4: Mass and Energy Balance of Glaciers -- 4.1 Glacier Mass Balance -- 4.1.1 Concept and Components of the Glacier Mass Balance -- 4.1.2 Methods of Mass Balance Determination -- 4.1.3 Mass Balance Measurements Worldwide -- 4.2 Energy Balance of Glacier Surfaces -- References -- 5: Glacier Types and Distribution -- 5.1 Typification of Glaciers -- 5.1.1 Typification According to the Source of Nourishment -- 5.1.2 Morphological Glacier Types -- 5.1.2.1 Unconstrained Glaciers -- 5.1.2.2 Constrained Glaciers -- 5.1.3 Thermal Glacier Types -- 5.2 Distribution of Glaciers -- References -- ; 6: Glaciers and Climate -- 6.1 Climatic Control of Glacier Behaviour -- 6.2 Glaciers as Climate Indicators -- Excursus 6.1: Waiho Loop Moraine -- References -- 7: Glaciers and Water -- 7.1 Glacial Hydrological Systems -- 7.1.1 Supraglacial System -- 7.1.2 Intraglacial System -- 7.1.3 Subglacial System -- 7.2 Runoff from Glaciers -- References -- 8: Glacial History -- 8.1 Methods for the Reconstruction of Glacial History -- Excursus 8.1 Radiocarbon Dating -- Excursus 8.2 Snow Line Depression -- 8.2 Glacial Periods.; Excursus 8.3 Milanković Cycles -- 8.2.1 The Older Ice Ages -- 8.2.2 The Pleistocene -- Excursus 8.4 Oxygen Isotope Analysis -- 8.3 Glacier Evolution in the Holocene -- 8.4 Current and Future Glacier Retreat -- 8.5 Consequences of Glacier Retreat -- 8.5.1 Local Consequences -- 8.5.2 Regional Consequences -- 8.5.3 Global Consequences -- References -- 9: Glacial Hazards -- 9.1 Ice Avalanches -- 9.1.1 Definition and Classification -- 9.1.2 Examples -- 9.1.3 Risk Management -- 9.2 Glacial Lake Outburst Floods -- 9.2.1 Classification and Examples -- 9.2.2 Breakout Mechanisms -- 9.2.3 Risk Management -- References -- 10: Glacial Erosion -- 10.1 Erosion Processes in Solid Rock -- Excursus 10.1: Abrasion Models -- 10.2 Erosion Processes in Unconsolidated Rocks -- 10.3 Erosion Rates -- Excursus 10.2: Weathering -- 10.4 Landforms of Glacial Erosion -- References -- 11: Glacial Sedimentation -- 11.1 Processes of Glacial Accumulation -- 11.2 Till -- Excursus 11.1: Morphometry of Sediments -- 11.3 Moraine Types -- 11.4 Special Forms -- 11.5 Glaciofluvial Landforms -- 11.6 The Glacial Series -- References -- Glossary -- Index.