Drug eruptions / / editors : Haur Yueh Lee, Daniel Creamer

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910624394903321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• ISBN: 3-031-09388-7
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (347 pages)
• Collana: Updates in clinical dermatology
• Disciplina: 616.5
• Soggetti: Dermatotoxicology; Drugs - Side effects; Skin - Inflammation
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Introduction -- Clinical Approach to a Patient with a Cutaneous ADR -- Drug Causality in Cutaneous ADRs -- Classification of the Cutaneous ADRs -- Mechanistic Classification -- Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions -- Non-hypersensitivity -- Phenotypic Classification -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: General Considerations -- Pharmacogenetics of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Abacavir Hypersensitivity and HLA-B*57:01 -- 3 Carbamazepine Hypersensitivity -- 3.1 Carbamazepine Metabolism Genes -- 3.2 Carbamazepine and HLA Alleles -- HLA-B*15:02 -- HLA-A*31:01 -- 3.3 Carbamazepine and Other HLA Alleles -- 3.4 Carbamazepine and T Cell Receptor Variation -- 4 Aromatic Antiepileptics and Hypersensitivity -- 5 Allopurinol Hypersensitivity and HLA-B*58:01 -- 6 Dapsone Hypersensitivity -- 7 Other Drugs -- 8 Discussion -- References -- Mechanisms of Drug Hypersensitivity -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Models of Drug Antigen Presentation -- 3 Genetic Factors in Drug Hypersensitivity -- 3.1 Genetic Factor in Immediate-Type Drug Hypersensitivity -- 3.2 Genetic Factor in Delayed-Type Drug Hypersensitivity -- Allopurinol -- Aromatic Anticonvulsants -- Abacavir -- Other Drugs -- 4 Drug Metabolism in SCARs -- 5 Immune Mechanisms in DH -- 5.1 Immediate-Type: IgE-Mediated DH -- 5.2 Delayed-Type: T Cells Mediated DH -- MPE (Type Iva) -- DRESS ; Syndrome (Type IVb) -- SJS/TEN (Type IVc) -- Granulysin -- Perforin/Granzyme B Pathway -- NK Cells -- Fas-FasL Interaction -- Annexin A1-FPR1 Interaction -- Cytokines/Chemokines Involved in the Cell Immunity of SJS/TEN -- AGEP (Type IVd) -- 6 T Cell Receptor (TCR) Repertoire in Drug Hypersensitivity -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Histopathology of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Inflammatory Patterns in CADR -- 2.1 Spongiotic Reaction Pattern.; 2.2 Interface Dermatitis Pattern -- 3 Non-specific Histological Aspects of Cutaneous ADRs -- 4 Drug-Induced Exanthem -- 5 Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) -- 6 Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis (AGEP) -- 7 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) -- 8 Fixed Drug Eruption (FDE) -- 9 Symmetrical Drug-Related Intertriginous and Flexural Exanthem (SDRIFE) -- 10 Problems of Differential Diagnosis in Drug Eruption Dermatopathology -- References -- Skin Tests in Evaluating Drug Eruptions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Skin Tests for Immediate Drug Eruptions -- 3 Skin Tests for Nonimmediate Drug Eruptions -- 4 Other Skin Tests -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- In Vitro Drug Allergy Testing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Immediate Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions -- 2.1 Acute Phase Mediators -- 2.2 Immunoassays -- 2.3 Basophil Activation Test (BAT) -- 3 Delayed Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions -- 3.1 Lymphocyte Proliferation Assay (LPA), Lymphocyte Transformation Test (LTT) -- 3.2 Flow Cytometry -- 3.3 Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISpot) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) -- 3.4 Practical Utility of In Vitro Tests -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Reaction Patterns -- Drug-Induced Urticaria -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pathophysiology -- 2.1 Immunologically Mediated Reactions -- IgE Antibody-Dependent Reactions -- Formation of Immune Complexes -- 2.2 Non-Immunological Reactions -- Direct Mast Cell Degranulation -- Kinin-Mediated Angioedema -- Interference with the Arachidonic Metabolism -- 3 Evaluation of a Patient with Suspected DIU -- 4 Investigating DIU -- 4.1 In Vitro Testing -- Tests to Aid Diagnosis -- Tests to Help Identify Culprit Drug -- 4.2 In Vivo Testing -- 5 Management of DIU -- 6 Medications Associated with DIU.; 6.1 Aspirin and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) -- 6.2 Opiates -- 6.3 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEi) -- 6.4 Others -- 7 Summary -- References -- Exanthematous Drug Eruptions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pathogenesis -- 3 Epidemiology -- 4 Clinical Features -- 5 Offending Agents -- 6 Diagnosis -- 7 Management -- 8 Conclusion and Future Directions -- References -- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Medication Risk -- 3 Pathophysiology -- 4 Clinical Presentation -- 5 Management and Treatment -- 6 Supportive Care -- 7 Local Management of Skin and Mucous Membranes -- 8 Immunomodulatory Approaches -- 9 Long-Term Follow-Up -- 10 Tests to Identify the Culprit Drug -- 11 Prevention of SJS/TEN -- References -- Acute Generalised Exanthematous Pustulosis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Epidemiology -- 3 Pathophysiology -- 4 Pathology -- 5 Culprit Drugs -- 6 Clinical Features -- 7 Differential Diagnosis -- 8 Investigations -- 9 Management -- References -- Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Epidemiology -- 3 Drug Causality -- 4 Pathophysiology -- 5 Clinical Features -- 6 Histopathology -- 7 Long-Term Sequelae of DRESS -- 8 Differential Diagnosis -- 9 Prognosis and Management -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- Fixed Drug Eruptions and Generalized Bullous Fixed Drug Eruptions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 ; Epidemiology -- 3 Pathophysiology -- 3.1 Histopathology -- 3.2 Pathomechanism -- 4 Clinical Features -- 4.1 Clinical Presentation -- 4.2 Differential Diagnosis -- 4.3 Culprit Drugs -- 4.4 Prognosis -- 5 Investigations -- 6 Management -- References -- Lichenoid Drug Eruptions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Epidemiology -- 3 Description of Features -- 4 Drug Causality -- 4.1 Biologics.; 4.2 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors -- 5 Variations in Clinical Features of LDE -- 6 Histological Findings -- 7 Pathogenesis -- 7.1 Treatment -- References -- Drug-Induced Connective Tissue Disorders -- 1 Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus -- 1.1 Epidemiology -- 1.2 Drug Causality in Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus -- 1.3 Pathophysiology -- Genetic Susceptibility -- Effects on Adaptive Immunity -- Effects on Innate Immunity -- Clinical Features -- Drug-Induced Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- Drug-Induced Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus -- 1.4 Diagnosis -- Serological Profile -- 1.5 Management -- 2 Drug-Induced Dermatomyositis -- 3 Drug-Induced Scleroderma -- References -- Drug-Induced Vasculitis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Clinical Approach -- 3 Drugs Commonly Associated with Cutaneous Vasculitis -- 3.1 Antibiotics -- 3.2 Anti-TNF-α Agents -- 3.3 Propylthiouracil -- 3.4 Cocaine/Levamisole -- 3.5 Cancer Immunotherapy -- 4 Pathogenesis -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Drug-Induced Autoimmune Bullous Diseases -- 1 Drug-Induced Pemphigus -- 1.1 Clinical Features -- 1.2 Drug Causality and Pathophysiology -- 2 Drug-Induced Bullous Pemphigoid (DIBP) -- 2.1 Clinical Presentation/Investigations -- 2.2 Pathophysiology -- 2.3 Drug Causality -- 3 Drug-Induced Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis (LABD) -- 3.1 Clinical Presentation -- 3.2 Pathophysiology -- 3.3 Drug Causality -- 4 Drug-Induced Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita (EBA) -- 4.1 Management of Drug-induced Autoimmune Blistering Diseases -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Other Drug-Induced Inflammatory Skin Reactions -- 1 Drug-Induced Granulomatous Reactions -- 1.1 Interstitial Granulomatous Drug Reaction (IGDR) -- 1.2 Drug-Induced Sarcoidosis -- 1.3 Drug-Induced Granuloma Annulare (GA) -- 1.4 Drug-Induced Accelerated Rheumatoid Nodulosis.; 2 Drug-Induced Neutrophilic Reactions -- 2.1 Drug-Induced Sweet's Syndrome -- 3 Drug-Induced Pityriasis Rosea (PR)-like Reactions -- 4 Drug-Induced Panniculitis -- 4.1 Drug-Induced Erythema Nodosum -- Clinical Features -- 4.2 Drug-Induced (Primarily Lobular) Neutrophilic Panniculitis -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical Features -- 5 Drug-Induced Eczematous Reactions -- 6 Drug-Induced Acneiform Eruptions (Drug-Induced Acne) -- References -- Drug-Induced Photosensitivity -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Epidemiology -- 3 Pathogenesis -- 4 Systemic Drug Phototoxicity and Common Culprits -- 5 Clinical Presentation of Drug Photosensitivity -- 6 Wavelength Dependency -- 7 Investigations for Drug-Induced Phototoxicity -- 8 Regulatory Requirements for Photosafety Evaluation -- 9 Topical Photoallergy -- 10 Other Possible Effects of Drug Photosensitivity -- 11 Management -- 12 Practical Advice -- 13 Conclusions -- References -- Drug-Induced Pruritus Without Primary Rash -- 1 Definition -- 2 Overall Prevalence -- 3 Categories -- 4 Pathogenesis of Drug-Induced Pruritus -- 4.1 The Itch Pathway -- 4.2 Specific Drugs Inducing Pruritus -- Opioids -- Chloroquine -- Hydroxyethyl Starch -- Drugs Inducing Cholestasis -- Anticancer Therapies -- Other Drugs -- 5 Diagnosis -- 6 Treatment -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Drug-Induced Nail Changes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Human Nail Unit Anatomy with Pathophysiological Correlation -- 3 Approach to Nail Unit Drug Reaction -- 4 Common Examples of Drugs Causing ; Specific Clinical Findings in the Nail Unit -- 4.1 Nail Fold -- 4.2 Nail Bed -- 4.3 Nail Plate/Matrix -- 4.4 Nail Matrix Melanocytes -- Entire Nail Unit -- 5 Management Principles for Nail Unit Drug Reactions -- References -- Drug-Induced Hair Changes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Hair Cycle and Hair Immune System.; 3 Clinical Assessment.