Calculus off the beaten path : a journey through its fundamental ideas / / Ignacio Zalduendo

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910624321703321
• Autore: Zalduendo Ignacio
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• ISBN: 9783031157653; 9783031157646
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (225 pages)
• Collana: Springer undergraduate mathematics series
• Disciplina: 515
• Soggetti: Calculus; Càlcul; Llibres electrònics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction -- 2400 Years of Calculus -- Calculus and Education -- 1 The Real Numbers -- The Rational Line -- Density of Q -- Some Basic Notions -- Irrationality of Q -- From Eudoxus to Dedekind -- The Real Line -- Dyadic Series-A Construction of R -- The Scarcity of Q -- The Completeness of R -- Cardinality -- Exercises -- 2 Sequences and Series -- Sequences -- Limits of Sequences -- Cantor's Nested Intervals Theorem -- Subsequences -- Series -- The Harmonic Series -- Series of Positive Terms -- Series with Positive and Negative Terms -- The Riemann Series Theorem -- Absolute and Unconditional Convergence -- Exercises -- 3 Functions -- The Elementary Functions -- Polynomials -- Circular Functions -- The Exponential Function: Bernoulli's Inequality -- Irrationality of e -- Convergence of k=1∞(1+ak) and of k=1∞ak -- Hyperbolic Functions -- Injectivity and Inverse Functions -- Curves in the Plane: Parametrized Curves -- The Cycloid -- Pythagorean Triples -- Continuity -- Bolzano and Weierstrass -- Limits -- Limits in Ancient Greece: The Area of a Circle -- Three Important Limits -- Exercises -- 4 The Derivative -- Derivative -- Tangents -- Newton-Raphson -- Derivatives of the Elementary Functions -- The Chain Rule -- Derivative ; of the Inverse Function -- The Derivative of a Parametrized Curve -- First Derivative, Tangent Line, and Growth -- The Mean Value Theorems -- L'Hôpital's Rule -- Snell's Law -- The Brachistochrone -- Exercises -- 5 The Integral -- Measure and Integral -- The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus -- A Pause for Comments -- Buffon's Needle -- Irrationality of π -- Improper Integrals -- Integration and Sums: Linearity of the Integral -- Uniform Convergence-The Weierstrass M-Test -- Gregory's Series -- Integration and Products: Integration by Parts -- Stirling's Formula.; Integration and Composition: Integration by Substitution -- A Note on Notation -- Length of Curves. The Catenary -- Area Enclosed by a Simple Closed Curve -- Exercises -- 6 More Derivatives -- Second Derivative, Best-Fitting Parabola, and Curvature -- The Taylor Polynomial of Order Two -- Curvature -- Random Walk and the Gauss Curve -- The Taylor Series -- Exercises -- 7 Convexity and the Isoperimetric Inequality -- The Arithmetic-Geometric Inequality -- Convexity -- Young, Hölder, Jensen, Cauchy-Schwarz… -- The Isoperimetric Inequality -- Exercises -- 8 More Integrals -- Volume -- Double Integrals -- The Basel Problem -- Solids of Revolution -- Integration of e -- Density Functions, Barycenter, and Expectation -- Center of Mass or Barycenter -- Pappus' Theorem -- The Method -- Surface Area -- Normal Distribution. Gauss, Laplace, and Stirling -- Exercises -- 9 The Gamma Function -- The Gamma Function -- Weierstrass' Formula -- Growth of the Harmonic Series, Again -- Exercises -- Bibliography -- Index.