Spasticity and muscle stiffness : restoring form and function / / Preeti Raghavan, editor

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910592989003321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• ISBN: 9783030969004; 9783030968991
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (329 pages)
• Disciplina: 612.74
• Soggetti: Muscles - Physiology; Spasticity
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Pathophysiology and Assessment -- 1: Neural Basis of Spasticity -- Definition of Spasticity -- Time Course of the Development of Spasticity -- What Types of Neural Injury Lead to the Development of Spasticity? -- How Does Injury to the Corticospinal Tract Lead to Spasticity? -- Consequences of Excitatory-Inhibitory Imbalance in Spinal Circuitry -- Conclusion -- References -- 2: Spasticity Versus Spastic Movement Disorder -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical Aspects -- Functional Aspects -- Implications for Treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- 3: Clinical Assessment of the Syndrome of Spastic Paresis -- Introduction -- Assessment of Spasticity -- Ashworth-Derived Scales -- The Tardieu Scale -- The Syndrome of Spastic Paresis -- The Non-Neural Muscle Disorder: Spastic Myopathy -- The Neural Disorder -- Muscle Overactivity in Antagonists -- Stretch-Sensitive Paresis in Agonists -- The Five-Step Assessment -- Functional Step: Step 1 -- Technical Steps: Steps 2-5 -- Conclusion -- References -- 4: Quantitative Measurement of Resistance to Passive Joint Motion in Chronic Stroke Survivors -- Introduction -- Quantification of Neural and Biomechanical Responses During Elbow Joint Rotation -- Determination of Catch Angle and EMG Response -- Occurrence of a Catch -- EMG Onset Angle -- Catch Angle and Reflex EMG ; Response as a Function of Joint Rotation Speed -- Timing of the Onset of the EMG Response and the Catch Angle -- Origins of the Resistance to Passive Joint Motion -- Quantification of the Resistance to Passive Joint Rotation After BoNT Injections in Chronic Stroke Survivors -- Conclusions -- References -- 5: Structural Alterations in Muscle in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy -- Skeletal Muscle Structure -- Change in Muscle Structure During Postnatal Development.; Muscle Adaptation -- Clinical Presentation in Children with Cerebral Palsy -- Sarcomere Alterations in Contractured Muscles -- Extracellular Matrix -- Alterations in Extracellular Matrix Content -- Alterations in Passive Muscle Stiffness -- Muscle Stem Cells -- Satellite Cells -- Change in Satellite Cells in Contractured Muscles -- Metabolic Properties -- Alterations in Motor Units and in the Neuromuscular Junction -- Conclusion -- References -- 6: Mechanisms of Development of Passive Mechanical Muscle Stiffness -- Introduction -- Three-dimensional Muscle Geometry and its Effect on Active and Passive Force Generation -- The Architecture of Muscle Affects its Force Generating Capacity -- The ECM Transmits Force Laterally and Facilitates Muscle Shape Changes -- The Three-dimensional Nature of Muscle Contraction -- Effect of Fluid-ECM Interactions on Muscle Mechanics -- Role of Intramuscular Fluid on the Properties of the ECM -- Intramuscular Fluid Affects the Viscosity of the Ground Substance of the ECM -- Muscle Hydration, Lubrication, Viscoelasticity, and ECM Stiffness -- Effect of Exercise, Immobility, and Overuse on Hyaluronan Concentration -- The Hyaluronan Hypothesis of Muscle Stiffness: its Role in Spasticity, Fibrosis, and Contracture -- The Hyaluronan Hypothesis of Muscle Stiffness -- Spasticity Versus Muscle Stiffness -- Role of Hyaluronan in the Progression to Fibrosis and Contracture -- Conclusion -- References -- 7: Symptomatic and Functional After-Effects of the Syndrome of Spastic Paresis -- Introduction -- Functional Consequences in the Upper Limb -- Skin and Nerve Problems -- Skin Problems of the Hand, at the Elbow Crease, and in the Axilla -- Episodic Disruptive Symptoms -- Associated Reactions -- Physical Compression and Injury -- Problems of Access -- Access to the Hand, Fingers, and Thumb -- Access to the Elbow Crease.; Access to the Axilla -- Grasp and Release Dysfunction -- Inadequate Hand Opening Preceding Grasp -- Inadequate Hand Opening During Release -- Hyperextended Wrist and Finger Flexor Tenodesis -- Joint and Muscle Contractures -- The Intrinsic plus Hand -- The Flexed Thumb -- Reach Dysfunction -- Inadequate Scapular Rotation -- Inadequate Shoulder Movement -- Inadequate Elbow Movement -- Inadequate Forearm Orientation of the Hand -- Inadequate Vernier Adjustments of the Wrist -- Functional Consequences in the Lower Limb -- Skin and Footwear Problems -- Striatal Toe -- Painful Toe Flexion -- Problems of Limb Clearance -- Stiff Knee with and without Equinovarus -- Inadequate Hip Flexion -- Problems of Foot Loading -- Loading on the Lateral Border of the Foot -- Forefoot First Loading -- Problems of Limb Advancement -- Insufficient Hip Flexion -- Stiff Knee (Inadequate Knee Flexion in Swing Phase) -- Toe Drag -- Inadequate Knee Extension in Terminal Swing -- Problems of Single Limb Support -- Knee Flexion in Stance -- Weak Knee Extensors -- Painful Toe Flexors During Loading and Weightbearing -- Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Treatment -- 8: Framework for the Treatment of Spasticity and Muscle Stiffness -- Introduction -- Rehabilitation Based on Principles of Motor Learning -- Medical and Pharmacologic Treatment Algorithm -- The Patient's Experience -- Spasticity Versus Muscle Stiffness -- The Five-Step Assessment -- Generalized and Focal ; Treatments -- Emerging Non-Pharmacologic Treatments -- Conclusion -- References -- 9: Medical Exacerbation of Spasticity -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology of Autonomic Dysfunction in Individuals with Spasticity -- Medical Conditions that Exacerbate Spasticity -- The Genitourinary Tract -- The Gastrointestinal System -- Skin Conditions -- Heterotopic Ossification -- Venous Thromboembolism -- Fractures.; Management of Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity -- Miscellaneous Causes -- Conclusion -- References -- 10: Oral Spasmolytics -- Introduction -- GABA Agonists/GABA Mimetics -- Baclofen -- Mechanisms of Action -- Clinical Use -- Dosing -- Side Effect Profile -- Benzodiazepines -- Mechanism of Action -- Diazepam -- Dosing -- Side Effect Profile -- Clonazepam -- Dosing -- Side Effect Profile -- Tiagabine -- Mechanism of Action -- Clinical Use -- Dosing -- Side Effect Profile -- Alpha 2 Agonists -- Tizanidine -- Mechanism of Action -- Clinical Use -- Dosing -- Side Effect Profile -- Clonidine -- Mechanism of Action and Clinical Use -- Dosing -- Side Effect Profile -- Dantrolene Sodium -- Mechanism of Action -- Clinical Use -- Dosing -- Side Effect Profile -- Sodium and/or Calcium Channel Blocking Agents -- Mechanism of Action -- Sodium Channel Blocking Agents -- Mechanism of Action -- Clinical Use/Dosing -- Calcium Channel Blocking Agents -- Mechanism of Action -- Clinical Use/Dosing -- Combination of Sodium and Calcium Channel Blocking Agents -- Mechanism of Action -- Clinical Use/Dosing -- Potassium Channel Blocking Agent -- 4-Aminopyridine -- Mechanism of Action -- Clinical Use -- Dosing -- Side Effect Profile -- Serotonergic/Alpha Receptor Antagonist -- Cyproheptadine -- Mechanism of Action -- Clinical Use -- Dosing -- Side Effect Profile -- Cannabis -- Mechanism of Action -- Clinical Use/Dosing -- Side Effect Profile -- Medications with Unknown Mechanism of Action for Muscle Spasms -- Cyclobenzaprine -- Mechanism of Action -- Clinical Use/Dosing -- Side Effect Profile -- Orphenadrine -- Mechanism of Action -- Clinical Use -- Dosing -- Side Effect Profile -- Mexiletine -- Mechanism of Action -- Clinical Use -- Dosing -- Side Effect Profile -- Conclusion -- References -- 11: Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy -- Introduction.; Components of Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy -- Patient Selection -- Patient Characteristics -- Advantages and Disadvantages of Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy -- Intrathecal Baclofen Trial -- Successful Trial -- Skipping a Trial -- Adverse Events During a Trial -- Pump Implantation -- Pump Options -- Initiation of ITB Therapy -- Modes of Dose Delivery -- Dose Titration -- Post-implant Rehabilitation -- Patient and Caregiver Education -- Pump Refill and Therapy Maintenance -- Refill Appointments -- Refill Procedure -- Baclofen Withdrawal -- Baclofen Overdose -- Troubleshooting -- Diagnosis of Pump Catheter Malfunction -- Bolus Dosing -- Residual Volume Mismatch -- Catheter Access Port Aspiration -- Imaging -- Pump Replacement and Explantation -- Conclusion -- References -- 12: Treatment of Focal Muscle Overactivity Using Botulinum Toxin Injections -- Introduction -- Structure -- Mechanism of Action -- Binding -- Internalization -- Translocation -- Cleavage -- Pharmacology -- Review of AAN Guidelines for the Utility of BoNT in Spasticity -- Adult Upper Limb Spasticity -- Adult Lower Limb Spasticity -- Cerebral Palsy -- Emerging Evidence -- Review of Dose Recommendations -- Upper Limb Spasticity -- Lower Limb Spasticity -- Patient and Muscle Selection for Treatment -- The Preinjection Consultation -- Planning the Injection -- Localization of Muscles -- After Injection -- Measuring Outcomes -- Goal Attainment -- Measures of Spasticity -- Caregiver Burden and Quality of Life -- Conclusion -- References -- 13: Treatment of Focal Muscle Stiffness with Hyaluronidase Injections -- ; Introduction -- Catabolism of Hyaluronan by Hyaluronidases -- Pharmacology and Uses of Exogenous Hyaluronidases -- Novel Off-Label Use of Hyaluronidase for Treatment of Muscle Stiffness -- Upper Limb Muscle Stiffness -- Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of a Single Injection Treatment.; Safety and Dose-Response of Multiple Injection Treatments.

Difficult people at work : action strategies for dealing with challenging personalities / / Heidrun Schüler-Lubienetzki and Ulf Lubienetzki

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910639881103321
• Autore: Schüler-Lubienetzki Heidrun
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Berlin, Germany : , : Springer, , [2023]; ©2023
• ISBN: 3-662-65339-7
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (150 pages)
• Disciplina: 780
• Soggetti: Management; Gestió de conflictes; Ètica en odontologia; Personal; Psicologia; Llibres electrònics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Authors -- 1: Toxiker?! What You Need to Know in a Nutshell -- 2: Slow Poison: Work Is Turning into a Living Hell -- 2.1 Is This Still My Company? -- 2.2 Icy Times at Work: Conflicts Are Suddenly on the Daily Agenda -- 2.3 "Work Makes Me Sick!": Psychosocial Stress in the Workplace -- 2.4 Are We Cooperating, Operating Side by Side or Working Against Each Other? -- 2.4.1 The Toxiker and the Company as a Whole -- 2.4.2 The Toxiker as an Exectuive -- 2.4.3 The Toxiker and Their Supervisor -- 2.4.4 The Toxiker and Their Colleagues -- 2.4.5 The Toxiker and Further Company Staff -- 2.4.6 The Toxiker and External Relations ; -- 3: Toxikers: What Drives Them? How and at What Cost Do They Reach Their Goal? -- 3.1 The Dark Side: The Toxiker's Personality in the Spotlight -- 3.1.1 The Machiavellian Personality: I Will Succeed-No Matter What! -- 3.1.2 The Narcissistic Personality: I Will Be the Center of Attention-No Matter What! -- 3.1.3 The Psychopathic Personality: I Will Reign-No Matter What! -- 3.2 So There's a Method to the Madness: A Selection of Toxic Types -- 3.3 The Toxic Process or: How Toxikers Manipulate Their Environment -- 3.3.1 How Does One Gain Personal Power? -- 3.3.2 Act One-Analysis-or: The Search for the Weak Link -- 3.3.3 Act Two: The Power of Manipulation -- 3.3.4 Act Three: On the Prowl -- 3.3.5 Act Four: Submit or Be Destroyed -- 3.4 What Costs Do Toxikers Cause? Apparent and Hidden Costs -- 3.4.1 Toxic Conflicts Are Destructive and Expensive -- Dealing with the Toxiker and Toxic Conflicts -- Continuous Stress of the Individual and Consequences -- Consequences of Toxic Destruction of the Individual and the Team -- Companies' Ineffective Reactions Cost Money and Prove Futile -- 3.4.2 Toxikers Exploit and Damage Companies.; 4: Detoxify Your Workplace: Promising Action Strategies -- 4.1 Finally Enjoying Work Again: What Needs to Be Different? -- 4.2 First Aid and Perseverance: Which Strategies Make Sense? -- Resilience -- 4.2.1 Love It: Come to Terms With the Situation -- 4.2.2 Change It: Tackling and Altering the Situation -- Prevention and Follow-Through: Guidelines for Executives -- Prevention and Support: Guidelines for Colleagues and Subordinates -- 4.2.3 Leave it: It's Just Not Worth the Effort (Any Longer) -- 4.3 When the Going Gets Tough: Argumentation Aids for Parting Ways with Toxikers -- 4.4 Prevention: How Can We Protect Ourselves From Toxikers in the Future? -- 5: Toxic Constellations and What We Can Learn From Toxikers -- 5.1 Success by Toxicity: At Least for a While -- 5.1.1 The Caesars -- 5.1.2 Gordon Gekko -- 5.1.3 Richard S. Fuld -- 5.1.4 James Bond -- 5.2 Places Only Toxikers Can Survive in -- 5.2.1 Politics -- 5.2.2 The Arts, Culture, Fashion -- 5.2.3 Media -- 5.2.4 Finance -- 5.2.5 Advertising -- 5.3 Toxic Dream Teams -- 5.3.1 The Fashion Designer and Their Entourage -- The Sun King and Their Devoted Entourage -- 5.3.2 The Top-Level Politician and Their "Stirrup Holders" -- 5.4 What I Can Learn From Toxikers -- 6: Toxikers at Work -- 6.1 Toxikers Don't Always Win -- 6.1.1 Personality and Luck Lead to Success -- 6.2 An Atypical Case: The Toxiker in the Startup -- 6.2.1 Being in the Focus of the Toxiker -- 6.3 Toxic Double Pack -- 6.3.1 Self-Conscious Distance -- 6.4 Exercising Power -- 6.4.1 When Suddenly Everything Changes -- 6.5 The Right Man For the Job: A Toxic Puppet -- 6.5.1 Toxiker in a Toxic Company: Get Out of There! -- Bibliography -- Index.