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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910590098503321 |
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Autore |
Kendrekar Pravin |
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Titolo |
Drug Development for Malaria : Novel Approaches for Prevention and Treatment |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2022 |
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©2023 |
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ISBN |
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3-527-83058-8 |
3-527-83060-X |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (395 pages) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Part I Introduction -- Chapter 1 Chronology of Drug Development for Malaria -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Life Cycle of Malaria (Adapted from CDC) -- 1.2 Malaria - Erstwhile Memories -- 1.2.1 Progress Fighting Malaria -- 1.3 Current Chemotherapy Used to Treat Malaria -- 1.3.1 Current Combination Therapy -- 1.4 Drug Resistance of Antimalarial Drugs -- 1.4.1 Detection of Drug Resistance -- 1.5 Newer Drugs Approved for Malaria Treatment -- 1.6 Current Approaches to Developing a Malaria Vaccine -- 1.6.1 Hope for Vaccine Lies in the Parasite Itself -- 1.7 Conclusion: The Path Forward -- 1.7.1 RTS, ‐S Vaccine: A New Tool with Potential for Africa -- References -- Part II Challenges and Opportunities in Malaria Therapy -- Chapter 2 Scientific Challenges and Treatment Opportunities in the Face of Shifting Malaria Epidemiology -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Scientific Challenges Against Malarial Drug -- 2.3 Advances in Understanding and Managing Drug Resistance -- 2.3.1 Vector and Its Control -- 2.3.2 Parasite and Its Control -- 2.3.2.1 Malaria Vaccine -- 2.3.2.2 Antimalarial Drugs -- 2.4 Methods to Assess the Presence and Level of Drug Resistance -- 2.4.1 Therapeutic Efficacy of Antimalarial Drugs -- 2.4.2 Molecular Markers Associated with P. falciparum -- 2.5 Antimalarial Drugs Currently in Use and in the Pipeline -- 2.6 Future -- References -- Chapter 3 Emerging Formulation Technologies Against Malaria Resurgence -- List |
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of Abbreviations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Major Pathological Hallmarks of Malaria -- 3.1.2 Current Treatment Strategies -- 3.2 Pitfalls of the Current Treatment Regimen -- 3.2.1 Drug Resistance -- 3.2.2 High Drug Dose -- 3.2.3 Long‐Term Treatment -- 3.2.4 Recurrence and Reversion of Diseases -- 3.3 Nanotechnology‐Based Strategies for Targeting in Antimalarial Therapy. |
3.3.1 Passive Targeting -- 3.3.2 Active Targeting -- 3.3.2.1 Hepatocyte Targeting -- 3.3.2.2 Erythrocyte Targeting -- 3.3.2.3 Brain Targeting -- 3.3.3 Rapid Diagnosis and Vector Control -- 3.4 Nano Formulations for Malarial Treatment -- 3.4.1 Lipid‐Based Nanoplatforms -- 3.4.1.1 Nanoemulsion -- 3.4.1.2 Self‐Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) -- 3.4.1.3 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) -- 3.4.1.4 Liposome -- 3.4.2 Polymer‐Based Nanoplatforms for Malaria -- 3.4.2.1 Nanoparticles -- 3.4.2.2 Nanocapsules -- 3.4.2.3 Dendrimers -- 3.4.2.4 Micelles -- 3.4.2.5 Polymeric Hydrogel Nanoparticles -- 3.4.2.6 Nanosuspension -- 3.4.3 Organized Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly -- 3.4.4 Inorganic Nano‐architectonics -- 3.4.4.1 Metallic Platforms -- 3.4.4.2 Quantum Dots -- 3.4.4.3 Carbon Nanostructures -- 3.4.4.4 Bio‐ceramics -- 3.4.5 Bio‐inspired Nanocarriers -- 3.4.5.1 Vaccines Based on Bio‐inspired Nanocarriers -- 3.4.5.2 Bio‐engineered Strategy Based on Erythrocytes -- 3.4.6 Protein-Peptide‐Based Drug Delivery System -- 3.4.7 Stimuli‐Responsive Platforms for Malaria -- 3.4.7.1 pH‐Responsive Formulations -- 3.4.7.2 Thermo‐Responsive Formulations -- 3.4.7.3 Redox State Responsive Substances -- 3.4.7.4 Stimuli‐Responsive Liquid Crystalline Materials -- 3.5 Diagnostics -- 3.5.1 Stimuli‐Responsive Iron Oxide and Gold Nanoparticle Reagent System -- 3.5.2 Immunological Adjuvants -- 3.5.3 Nanofibers -- 3.6 Challenges in Clinical Translation of Nanomedicine -- 3.6.1 Biological Challenges -- 3.6.2 Biocompatibility and Safety -- 3.6.3 Challenges in Manufacturing Scale‐Up and Reproducibility -- 3.6.4 Analytical Characterization and Quality Control Challenges of Nano‐Formulations -- 3.6.5 Regulatory Challenges -- 3.6.6 Other Challenges -- 3.7 Summary and Future Perspective -- 3.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References. |
Chapter 4 Targeted Drug Delivery for Antimalarial Therapy -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Remodelling of Parasite‐Infected Red Blood Cell (pRBC) -- 4.2.1 The Red Blood Cell Membrane (RBCM) -- 4.2.2 The Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane (PVM) -- 4.2.3 The Parasite Plasma Membrane (PPM) -- 4.3 The Emergence of Resistance and Antimalarial Therapy Approach -- 4.4 Nanocarriers for Antimalarial Drug Delivery -- 4.4.1 Liposomes -- 4.4.2 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) -- 4.4.3 Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) -- 4.4.4 Nano‐emulsions (NEs) -- 4.4.5 Polymeric Nanoparticles -- 4.5 Targeted Antimalarial Drug Delivery Systems -- 4.5.1 Passive Drug Targeting with Conventional Nanocarriers -- 4.5.2 Active Drug Targeting with Surface‐Modified Nanocarrier -- 4.6 Conclusion: Moving Towards the Future -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5 The Imminent Threat of Antimalarial Drug Resistance -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Antimalarial Drugs: An Overview -- 5.3 The Evolution of CQ Resistance -- 5.3.1 Mechanism of Action of CQ -- 5.3.2 Basis of CQ Resistance -- 5.3.3 Prevalence of CQ Resistance -- 5.3.4 WHO Guidelines to Use CQ -- 5.4 Impact of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Resistance -- 5.4.1 Mechanism of Action of SP -- 5.4.2 SP Resistance -- 5.4.3 Distribution of DHPS and DHFR Mutation Across Globe -- 5.4.3.1 dhfr -- 5.4.3.2 dhps -- 5.4.4 WHO Guidelines to Use SP -- 5.4.4.1 IPTp Guidelines -- 5.4.4.2 IPTi Guidelines -- 5.5 ACT Resistance -- 5.5.1 Mechanism of Action of ART -- 5.5.2 ART Resistance and ACT Failure -- 5.5.3 WHO Guidelines -- 5.6 Conclusion: The Road Ahead -- References -- Chapter 6 Current |
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Therapies and New Drug Targets for the Future Drug Development of Drug Resistant Malaria -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Life Cycle of Plasmodium falciparum -- 6.3 Current Antimalarial Therapy and Their Shortcomings -- 6.4 Drug Targets for Current Antimalarial Therapy. |
6.4.1 Drug‐Resistant Malaria and Identification of New Targets -- 6.4.1.1 Food Vacuole as Drug Targets -- 6.4.1.2 Shikimic Acid Pathway Targeting -- 6.4.1.3 Targeting Folate Pathway and Methionine Synthesis Pathway -- 6.4.1.4 Glycolytic Pathway Inhibition -- 6.4.2 Mitochondria as Drug Targets -- 6.4.2.1 Targeting Electron Transport Chain -- 6.4.2.2 Inhibition of Dihydroorate Dehydrogenase -- 6.5 Future Drug Development for the Treatment of Malaria -- 6.5.1 Benefits of Nanocarriers -- 6.5.2 Lipid‐Based Drug Delivery -- 6.5.3 Liposomes (as Nanocarriers) -- 6.5.4 Nanostructured Lipid Carriers -- 6.5.5 Solid Lipid Nanocarriers -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Drug Development -- Chapter 7 Assays for Antimalarial Drug Discovery -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 In Vitro Assays for Antimalarial Drug Discovery -- 7.2.1 Schizont Maturation Inhibition Assay (Microscopic Test) -- 7.2.2 In Vitro Micro Test Technique -- 7.2.3 Radioisotope Assay -- 7.2.4 Colorimetric Assay (Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay [pLDH]) -- 7.2.5 ELISA‐Based Methods -- 7.2.5.1 DELI Assay -- 7.2.5.2 Assay Based on Histidine‐Rich Protein II (HRP II) of P. falciparum -- 7.2.6 Flow Cytometry -- 7.2.7 Fluorometric Assay -- 7.2.8 β‐Hematin Formation (Haemozoin Test) -- 7.2.9 Drug Interaction Assay and Isobologram Analysis -- 7.2.10 PCR‐Based Methods -- 7.2.11 In Vitro Assays Targeting Exo‐erythrocytic and Sexual Stages of the Parasite -- 7.2.11.1 Exo‐erythrocytic Schizontocidal Assay -- 7.2.11.2 Ex‐flagellation Assay -- 7.3 In Vivo Assays for Antimalarial Drug Discovery -- 7.3.1 Peters' 4‐Day Test -- 7.3.2 Dose Ranging Full 4‐Day Test -- 7.3.3 Onset/Recrudescence Test -- 7.3.4 Preventive Test -- 7.3.5 Curative Test -- 7.3.6 Hill's Test for Causal Prophylaxis and Residual Activity -- 7.3.7 Assays with P. berghei Green Fluorescent Protein (PbGFP). |
7.3.8 Assays Employing Immunocompromised Mice -- 7.3.9 Primate Models for In Vivo Studies -- 7.3.10 Sporontocidal Assays -- 7.3.11 Anti‐sporozoite Assay -- 7.4 Ex Vivo Assays for Antimalarial Drug Discovery -- 7.5 Assays for Assessment of In Vitro Toxicity -- 7.5.1 MTT Assay -- 7.5.2 XTT Assay -- 7.5.3 LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) Assay -- 7.5.4 Protein Content Assay -- 7.5.5 Neutral Red Uptake Assay (NRU) -- 7.6 Assays for Assessment of In Vivo Toxicity -- 7.6.1 Acute Toxicity -- 7.6.1.1 Limit Test of Lorke -- 7.6.1.2 Up and Down Procedure -- 7.6.2 Chronic Toxicity -- 7.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Aminoacyl‐tRNA Synthetases as Malarial Drug Targets: A Structural Biology Perspective -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Pf/Pv‐aaRSs -- 8.2.1 Pf/Pv Genome -- 8.2.2 Aminoacyl‐tRNA Synthetases (aaRSs) -- 8.3 Aminoacyl‐tRNA Synthetases as Druggable Targets -- 8.4 Biochemical Screening of Drug Libraries -- 8.4.1 Colorimetric Assays -- 8.4.2 Enzyme‐Coupled Assays -- 8.4.3 Luciferase Assay -- 8.4.4 Assay to Test Synthetic as Well as Proofreading Activity -- 8.5 Structurally Validated Pf/Pv‐aaRSs as Drug Targets -- 8.5.1 Lysyl‐tRNA Synthetase (KRS) -- 8.5.2 Prolyl‐tRNA Synthetase -- 8.6 Potential Drug Targets Pf/Pv‐aaRSs -- 8.6.1 Leucyl‐tRNA Synthetase (LRS) -- 8.7 Arginyl‐tRNA Synthetase (RRS) -- 8.7.1 Tryptophanyl‐tRNA Synthetase (WRS) -- 8.7.2 Tyrosyl‐tRNA Synthetase -- 8.8 Others -- 8.9 Conclusion: The Road Ahead -- References -- Chapter 9 Natural Products as a Source for Antimalarial Drug Development Process - An Overview -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Phytochemicals as Antimalarial Agents: Recent Developments -- 9.2.1 Alkaloids -- 9.2.2 Terpenes -- 9.2.2.1 Sesquiterpene Lactones -- 9.2.2.2 Diterpenes -- 9.2.2.3 |
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Triterpenes -- 9.2.2.4 Steroids and Others -- 9.2.3 Polyphenols -- 9.2.3.1 Biflavonoids -- 9.2.3.2 Prenylated Flavonoids -- 9.2.3.3 Other Flavonoids. |
9.3 Traditional System of Medicine and Malaria. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNISA996210089203316 |
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Titolo |
Coarse-grained deltas / / edited by Albina Colella and David B. Prior |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Oxford, [England] : , : Blackwell Scientific Publications, , 1990 |
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©1990 |
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ISBN |
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1-4443-0385-6 |
1-282-17153-4 |
9786612171536 |
1-4443-0386-4 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (370 p.) |
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Collana |
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Special publication number 10 of the International Association of Sedimentologists ; ; Number 10 |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Contents; Preface; Acknowledgements; Deltas - remarks on terminology and classification; Depositional architecture and facies of river and fan deltas: a synthesis; Aspects of sediment movement on steep delta slopes; The underwater development of Holocene fan deltas; Fan-delta facies associations in late Neogene and Quaternary basins of southeastern Spain; Tectonic controls on coarse-grained delta depositional systems in rift basins; Pleistocene fan deltas in southeastern Iberian peninsula: sedimentary controls and sea-level changes; Modern Alluvial Deltas |
Morphology and sedimentology of an emergent fjord-head Gilbert-type delta: Alta delta, Norway Morphology and sedimentary processes on the subaqueous Noeick River delta, British Columbia, Canada; Ancient |
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Alluvial Deltas - Effects of Tectonics; Fan-delta sequences in the Pleistocene and Holocene Burdur Basin, Turkey: the role of basin-margin configuration in sediment entrapment and differential facies development; Stacked Gilbert-type deltas in the marine pull-apart basin of Abaran, late Serravallian-early Tortonian, southeastern Spain |
Transverse and longitudinal Gilbert-type deltas, Tertiary Coalmont Formation, North Park Basin, Colorado, USA The Miocene Chunbuk Formation, southeastern Korea: marine Gilbert-type fan-delta system; Sequence analysis of a marine Gilbert-type delta, La Miel, Albian Lunada Formation of northern Spain; Ancient Alluvial Deltas - Effects of Varying Climate and Water Level; Climatically triggered Gilbert-type lacustrine fan deltas, the Dead Sea area, Israel; Pleistocene glacial fan deltas in southern Ontario, Canada |
Diurnally and seasonally controlled sedimentation on a glaciolacustrine forest slope: an example from the Pleistocene of eastern Poland Wave-dominated Gilbert-type gravel deltas in the hinterland of the Gulf of Taranto (Pleistocene, southern Italy); Non-alluvial Deltas; Lava-fed Gilbert-type delta in the Polonez Cove Formation (Lower Oligocene), King George Island, West Antarctica; Index |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This Special Publication contains most of the contributions presented at the 1st International Workshop on Fan Deltas (1988) but also contains additional papers which make this particular volume a very well-rounded reference source for the advanced undergraduate/graduate student and the professional earth scientist concerned with sedimentology and petroleum geology. The papers describe the sedimentology and tectonic setting of this important depositional environment. Course-grained deltas, ranging from sand to gravelly, are fully covered and the main focus is on steep-face systems whose |
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3. |
Record Nr. |
UNICASTO01661524 |
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Autore |
Horatius Flaccus, Quintus |
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Titolo |
L'epistola terza del libro secondo ossia l'arte poetica : testo, costruzione, versione letterale e note / Q. Orazio Flacco |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Roma ; Milano, : Albrighi, Segati e C., 1909 |
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Titolo uniforme |
Ars poetica |
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Edizione |
[4. ed. accuratamente riveduta e migliorata] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Orazio Flacco, Quinto . Ars poetica - Traduzioni italiane |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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