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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910583482803321 |
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Titolo |
Biomass as renewable raw material to obtain bioproducts of high-tech value / / edited by Valentin Popa, Irina Volf |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Amsterdam : , : Elsevier, , 2018 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource ( XVII, 474 s.) : ill |
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Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Front Cover -- BIOMASS AS RENEWABLE RAW MATERIAL TO OBTAIN BIOPRODUCTS OF HIGH-TECH VALUE -- BIOMASS AS RENEWABLE RAW MATERIAL TO OBTAIN BIOPRODUCTS OF HIGH-TECH VALUE -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Reference -- 1 - BIOMASS FOR FUELS AND BIOMATERIALS -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Resources -- 1.2.1 Evaluation of Resources -- 1.2.1.1 Forestry and Wood Processing Wastes -- 1.2.2 Logging Residues -- 1.2.3 Saw-Milling -- 1.2.4 Plywood Production -- 1.2.5 Particle Board Production -- 1.2.6 Pulp Industry -- 1.2.6.1 Agricultural and Food Processing Residues -- 1.2.6.2 Municipal Wastes -- 1.2.6.3 Dedicated Crops (Terrestrial and Aquatic) -- 1.3 Biorefining as a Possibility to Obtain Bioproducts -- 1.3.1 Chemical Composition of Biomass -- 1.3.2 Biomass Valorization Using the Biorefinery Concept -- 1.3.3 Chemicals From Biomass -- 1.4 Categories of Bioproducts -- 1.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2 - MICROALGAE AS RENEWABLE RAW MATERIAL FOR BIOPRODUCTS: IDENTIFICATION AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MICROALGAE FROM A R ... -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Materials and Methods -- 2.2.1 Growth Conditions -- 2.2.2 Identification Microalgal Species -- 2.2.3 Analysis Methods -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 Growth Conditions -- 2.3.2 Identification of Microalgae Species -- 2.3.3 Biochemical Composition of Harvested Biomass -- 2.3.4 Fatty Acid and Neutral Sugar Composition -- 2.4 Discussion and Review -- 2.4.1 Production Systems -- 2.4.2 Microalgae Species -- 2.4.3 Composition of Microalgae -- |
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2.4.4 Biorefinery -- 2.4.5 Products -- 2.5 Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 - MACROALGAE BIOMASS AS SORBENT FOR METAL IONS -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Marine Macroalgae -- 3.2.1 Divisions -- 3.2.2 Abundance -- 3.2.3 Uses -- 3.2.4 Characterization -- 3.3 Biosorption Ability in Raw Forms -- 3.3.1 Cationic Heavy Metals -- 3.3.1.1 Mechanism and Biosorption Capacities. |
3.3.1.2 Kinetics -- 3.3.1.3 Effect of pH -- 3.3.1.4 Effect of Ionic Strength -- 3.3.1.5 Effect of Temperature -- 3.3.1.6 Regeneration -- 3.3.1.7 Continuous Mode Applications -- 3.3.2 Anionic Metals and Toxic Metalloids -- 3.3.2.1 Arsenic -- 3.3.2.2 Antimony -- 3.3.2.3 Chromium -- 3.4 Biosorption Ability After Chemical Modifications -- 3.4.1 Surface Modification Approaches -- 3.4.1.1 Protonation -- 3.4.1.2 Saturation With Light Cations -- 3.4.1.3 Base Treatment -- 3.4.1.4 Treatment With Aldehydes -- 3.4.1.5 Oxidation -- 3.4.1.6 Other Surface Modifications -- 3.4.2 Encapsulation -- 3.4.3 Algal Waste -- 3.5 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 - INTEGRATED PROCESSING OF BIOMASS RESOURCES FOR FINE CHEMICAL OBTAINING: POLYPHENOLS -- 4.1 Complex and Integrated Processing of Biomass Resources -- 4.1.1 Biomass: Categories and Types, Assessment, and Possibilities to Develop and Increase Biomass Resources -- 4.1.1.1 Biomass Categories and Types -- 4.1.1.2 Biomass Feedstock -- 4.1.2 Integrated Processing of Biomass for Obtaining Fine Chemicals (Polyphenols, Carotenoids, Oils, and Other Bio Products) -- 4.1.2.1 The Biorefinery Concept. Green Chemistry Highlights Installment -- 4.1.2.2 Biomass for Biomaterials and Bioproducts -- 4.1.2.3 A Biorefining System to Obtain Priory Bio Products -- 4.2 Pholyphenols as Secondary Bioactive Aromatic Compounds Recovered by Biorefining -- 4.2.1 Phytochemical Research: Extraction, Purification, and Quantification of Polyphenols Using Conventional and "Green" Techniques -- 4.2.1.1 Conventional Extraction Conditions and Methods -- 4.2.1.1.1 Extraction of Polyphenols -- 4.2.1.1.1.1 Extraction Conditions -- 4.2.1.1.1.2 Extraction Methods -- 4.2.1.2 Microwave-Assisted Extraction, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Up to Date of Working Conditions. |
4.2.1.2.1 Microwave-Assisted Extraction -- 4.2.1.2.2 Principle of Extraction and General Procedures of Microwave-Assisted Extraction -- 4.2.1.2.3 Optimum Operation Conditions for Polyphenols Separated With Microwave-Assisted Extraction From Biomass -- 4.2.1.2.4 Supercritical Fluid Extraction -- 4.2.1.2.5 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction -- 4.2.1.3 Assessment of Natural Polyphenols Biological Activity -- 4.2.1.3.1 Antioxidant Activity (Radical Scavenging Activity) -- 4.3 Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading -- 5 - ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF BIOMASS USE FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION: METHODOLOGY FOR INVOLVING STAKEHOLDERS IN DECISION M ... -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Theory Behind the Stakeholder Analysis Approach -- 5.2.1 Identifying the Stakeholders for a Biomass-Based Energy Project -- 5.2.2 The Role of Stakeholders in Developing Successful Bioenergy Applications -- 5.2.3 Methods for Decision Making Through Participatory Processes -- 5.2.4 Biofuel and Bioenergy Applications: Stakeholders and Supply Chain-Market-Legislation-Regulation Relations in Macro-Level An ... -- 5.3 Methodology -- 5.4 Results and Discussion -- 5.5 Conclusions -- Annex -- References -- Further Reading -- 6 - BIODIESEL, A GREEN FUEL OBTAINED THROUGH ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 What Is Biodiesel? And Why Biodiesel? -- 6.2 Feedstocks for Biodiesel -- 6.3 Oil Extraction -- 6.4 Biodiesel Production by Nonenzymatic Transesterification -- 6.4.1 Chemocatalytical Production of Biodiesel -- 6.4.1.1 Homogenous |
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Alkaline Catalysis -- 6.4.1.2 Heterogeneous Alkaline Catalysis -- 6.4.1.3 Acid Catalysis -- 6.5 Production of Biodiesel in Supercritical Conditions in Noncatalytical Processes -- 6.6 Biodiesel Production by Enzymatic Transesterification -- 6.6.1 Lipases, the Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Fabrication -- 6.6.2 Enzyme Immobilization. |
6.6.2.1 Immobilization by Adsorption -- 6.6.2.2 Cross-Linking of Enzymes -- 6.6.2.3 Immobilization by Covalent Attachment -- 6.6.2.4 The Support -- 6.6.2.5 Activation of the Carboxyl Group -- 6.6.2.5.1 Reagents -- 6.6.2.5.2 Activation of the Hydroxyl Group -- 6.6.2.5.3 The Use of Detergents for Covalent Immobilization of Lipases -- 6.6.2.6 Entrapment Methods -- 6.6.2.7 Whole Cell Immobilization -- 6.6.3 Supercritical Enzymatic Biodiesel Fabrication -- 6.6.4 Key Factors in Enzyme Alcoholysis of Triacylglycerols -- 6.6.4.1 The Nature of Acyl Acceptor -- 6.6.4.2 The Effect of Temperature -- 6.6.4.3 The Water Content of Enzyme Systems -- 6.6.4.4 Solvent Effects -- 6.6.5 Possible Improvements of Enzymatic Synthesis of Biodiesel -- 6.6.5.1 Techniques to Improve the Reaction of Obtaining Biodiesel -- 6.6.5.1.1 Using a Mixture of Lipases -- 6.6.5.1.2 Lipase Pretreatment -- 6.6.6 Improving Enzyme Stability and Activity -- 6.6.6.1 Protein Engineering -- 6.6.6.2 Metabolic Engineering -- 6.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 - CATALYTIC APPROACHES TO THE PRODUCTION OF FURFURAL AND LEVULINATES FROM LIGNOCELLULOSES -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Conversion of Lignocelluloses to Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) -- 7.2.1 Possible Pathways for the Formation of Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) -- 7.2.2 Feedstocks -- 7.2.2.1 Monosaccharides -- 7.2.2.2 Polysaccharides -- 7.2.2.3 Lignocelluloses -- 7.2.3 Catalyst and Medium -- 7.2.3.1 Catalytic Conversions in Water -- 7.2.3.2 Catalytic Conversions in Ionic Liquids (ILs) -- 7.2.3.3 Catalytic Conversions in Biphasic Systems -- 7.2.4 Derivatives -- 7.2.4.1 Derivatization of the Aldehyde or Hydroxymethyl Group -- 7.2.4.2 Oxidation Reaction of the Aldehyde or Hydroxymethyl Group -- 7.2.4.3 Reduction Reaction of Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) -- 7.2.4.4 Condensation Reaction of Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). |
7.2.4.5 Transformations Involving Cleavage of the Furan Ring -- 7.3 Conversion of Lignocelluloses Into Levulinic Acid (LA) -- 7.3.1 Possible Pathways for the Formation of Levulinic Acid (LA) -- 7.3.2 Catalytic Conversions in Aqueous Media -- 7.3.3 Catalytic Conversions in Alcohol Media -- 7.3.4 Derivatives -- 7.3.4.1 Esters, Amides, Ketals, Alcohols, and Ethers -- 7.3.4.2 Transformation into Fuels -- 7.3.4.3 Transformations Leading to Renewable Monomers, Solvents, and Special Chemicals -- 7.4 Conclusion and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 - BIOMASS-DERIVED POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES: BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates -- 8.3 Recovery Methods -- 8.3.1 Chemical Digestion of Non-Polyhydroxyalkanoates Cellular Content -- 8.3.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates Solvent Extraction -- 8.3.3 Purification of the Extracted Polyhydroxyalkanoates for Medical Applications -- 8.4 Properties of Microbial Polyesters -- 8.4.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates Biodegradability -- 8.4.2 Cytotoxicity -- 8.4.3 Biocompatibility -- 8.4.4 Noncarcinogenicity -- 8.5 Polyhydroxyalkanoates Modifications -- 8.5.1 Bulk Material Modification -- 8.5.2 Surface Modifications: Chemical and Physical Methods -- 8.6 Medical Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates -- 8.6.1 Medical Sutures -- 8.6.2 Cell Growth for Tissue Engineering -- 8.6.3 Skin Tissue Engineering -- 8.6.4 Nerve Conduits Tissue Engineering -- 8.6.5 Drug Carriers -- 8.6.6 Vascular Grafting -- 8.6.7 Pericardial Patch -- 8.6.8 Heart Valves -- 8.6.9 Bone Tissue -- 8.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 - |
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BIOCHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Structural Features of Lignocellulose -- 9.3 Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion -- 9.4 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass -- 9.4.1 Cellulases: Modular Structures and Their Functions. |
9.4.2 Structural Features of Substrate. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Biomass as Renewable Raw Material to Obtain Bioproducts of High-tech Value examines the use of biomass as a raw material, including terrestrial and aquatic sources to obtain extracts (e.g. polyphenols), biofuels, and/or intermediates (furfural, levulinates) through chemical and biochemical processes. The book also covers the production of natural polymers using biomass and the biosynthetic process, cellulose modified by biochemical and chemical methods, and other biochemicals that can be used in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals.Featuring case studies, discussions of sustainability, and nanomedical, biomedical, and pharmaceutical applications, Biomass as Renewable Raw Material to Obtain Bioproducts of High-tech Value is a crucial resource for biotechnologists, biochemical engineers, biochemists, microbiologists, and research　students in these areas, as well as entrepreneurs, policy makers, stakeholders, and politicians.- Reviews biomass resources and compounds with bioactive properties- Describes chemical and biochemical processes for creating biofuels from biomass- Outlines production of polysaccharides and cellulose derivatives- Features applications in the fields of medicine and pharmacy |
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