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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910463640203321 |
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Titolo |
Investigating operational incidents in a military context : law, justice, politics / / edited by David W. Lovell ; contributors, Thomas E. Ayres [and nine others] |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Leiden, Netherlands : , : Brill Nijhoff, , 2015 |
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©2015 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (273 p.) |
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Collana |
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International Humanitarian Law Series ; ; Volume 43 |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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War crimes investigation |
Electronic books. |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Preliminary material / Editors Investigating Operational Incidents in a Military Context: Law, Justice, Politics -- Introduction: The Challenges of Investigating Operational Incidents / David W. Lovell -- A Strategic Commander’s Perspective / Rear Admiral James Goldrick -- Bloody Sunday: Politics, Truth and Justice in the Widgery and Saville Inquiries / David Blaazer -- The Maxim of Thucydides: Transparency, Fact-Finding, and Accountability in East Timor / Clinton Fernandes -- The UK in Basra and the Death of Baha Mousa / Rachel Kerr -- Haditha: A Case Study in Response to War Crimes / Tom Ayres -- Investigating Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law through an International Commission of Inquiry: Libya and Beyond / Annemarie Devereux -- Ethics or Politics? The Palmer Commission Report on the 2010 Gaza Flotilla Incident / Deane-Peter Baker -- The Challenges of Green-on-Blue Investigations in Afghanistan / Clive Williams -- The Tension between Secrecy and Transparency: Investigations in the ‘Wiki Age’ / David W. Lovell -- The Emerging Paradigm for Operational Incident Investigation / Rob McLaughlin -- Bibliography / Editors Investigating Operational Incidents in a Military Context: Law, Justice, Politics -- Index / Editors Investigating Operational Incidents in a Military Context: Law, Justice, Politics. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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‘Operational incidents’ denotes misconduct, misdeeds or mishaps that occur on military operations, whether concerning the mistreatment of enemy soldiers, offences against civilians, conflict of varying levels within one’s own forces, or accidents that lead to injury or death within a theatre of operations. Alleged breaches of IHL or the disciplinary regulations of particular militaries require at the very least an initial assessment to determine the facts and then, if warranted, a more substantial investigation. The need for robust investigations, however, is not always matched by the will and the ability to undertake them. There is at last a sufficient body of experience on which we can reflect, in this volume, on such investigations, their challenges, and their likely evolution. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910583472203321 |
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Autore |
Profillidis V. A. |
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Titolo |
Modeling of transport demand : analyzing, calculating, and forecasting transport demand / / V. A. Profillidis, G. N. Botzoris |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Amsterdam, Netherlands ; ; Oxford, England ; ; Cambridge, Massachusetts : , : Elsevier, , 2019 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (622 pages) : illustrations |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Traffic estimation - Mathematical models |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Front Cover -- Modeling of Transport Demand -- Modeling of Transport Demand -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 - Transport Demand and Factors Affecting It -- 1.1 THE BASIC DEFINITIONS RELATED TO TRANSPORT DEMAND -- 1.1.1 Transport and Human Life -- 1.1.2 Definition of Transport -- 1.1.3 The Various Transport Modes and Sectors -- 1.1.4 Definition and Characteristics of Transport Demand -- 1.1.4.1 Definition of Transport Demand -- 1.1.4.2 Principal Drivers of Transport Demand -- 1.1.4.3 Transport Demand for an Infrastructure Facility or Operation Company -- 1.1.4.4 |
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Normal, Diverted, and Generated Demand -- 1.1.5 Definition of a Transport Model -- 1.1.6 Metrics and Units for the Description of Transport Demand -- 1.2 HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF TRANSPORT MODES AND DEMAND -- 1.3 HOW TRANSPORT DEMAND AFFECTS THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM -- 1.3.1 Transport Demand and Transport Infrastructure -- 1.3.1.1 Planning -- 1.3.1.2 Design and Construction -- 1.3.1.3 Degree of Deterioration and Maintenance -- 1.3.1.4 Operation of Infrastructure -- 1.3.1.5 Level of Saturation and Measures Required -- 1.3.2 Transport Demand and Operation -- 1.3.2.1 Number of Cars, Aircrafts, Railway Vehicles, Ships -- 1.3.2.2 Number of Personnel -- 1.3.2.3 Commercial and Tariff Policies, Revenues -- 1.3.3 Transport Demand and CO2 Emissions -- 1.4 THE OVERWHELMING AND REVOLUTIONARY EFFECTS OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES -- 1.5 EVOLUTION OVER TIME OF THE PRINCIPAL DRIVERS OF TRANSPORT DEMAND -- 1.5.1 Passenger Transport -- 1.5.2 Freight Transport -- 1.6 HOW TRANSPORT DEMAND AFFECTS THE PLANNING OF THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM -- 1.6.1 Demand and Transportation10 Planning -- 1.6.2 Demand and Business and Master Plans -- 1.7 TRANSPORT DEMAND AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: COUPLING AND DECOUPLING -- 1.7.1 Correlation of Transport Demand With Economic Activity. |
1.7.2 Coupling and Decoupling Between Transport Demand and Gross Domestic Product-Various Forms and Degrees of Decoupling -- 1.7.3 Factors Affecting the Degree of Decoupling Between Gross Domestic Product and Transport Demand-Passenger Transport -- 1.7.3.1 Limits of Available Time and Money -- 1.7.3.2 Effects of the Internet -- 1.7.3.3 Changes in Urban Development Patterns -- 1.7.3.4 Extensive Use of Global Positioning System, Car Sharing, and Carpooling -- 1.7.4 Factors Affecting the Degree of Decoupling Between Gross Domestic Product and Transport Demand-Freight Transport -- 1.7.4.1 Changes in the Composition of the Economy -- 1.7.4.2 Relocation of Manufacturing Activities -- 1.7.4.3 Economies of Scale and Concentration -- 1.7.4.4 Trade Liberalization -- 1.7.4.5 Environmental Tax -- 1.7.5 The Situation of Coupling and Decoupling for Some Countries -- 1.7.6 Transport Demand and Regional Development -- 1.8 FACTORS OF THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF TRANSPORT AND EFFECTS ON DEMAND -- 1.8.1 Transport as a System -- 1.8.2 The Internal and External Environment of Transport -- 1.8.3 Factors of the Internal Environment That Affect Demand -- 1.8.4 Factors of the External Environment That Affect Demand -- 1.8.4.1 Economic Growth, Purchasing Power, and Available Income for Transport -- 1.8.4.2 Energy Consumption -- 1.8.4.3 Culture, Lifestyle, and the Expectations of Society -- 1.8.4.4 Population -- 1.8.4.5 The Environment and Transport Demand -- 1.8.4.6 Institutional Framework and Transport Demand -- 1.8.4.7 Globalization, Liberalization, Competition, and Transport Demand -- 1.9 TRANSPORT DEMAND AND ELASTICITIES -- 1.9.1 A Definition and a Variety of Types of Elasticities -- 1.9.2 Price Elasticity -- 1.9.3 Income Elasticity -- 1.9.4 Cross-Elasticities -- 1.9.5 Evolution of Elasticities Over Time -- 2 - Evolution and Trends of Transport Demand. |
2.1 DESCRIPTION OF TRANSPORT DEMAND: DATA, SURVEYS, AND DEGREE OF ACCURACY -- 2.1.1 Collection of Transport Data of the Past -- 2.1.2 Characteristics of Transport Data -- 2.1.3 Sources of Data -- 2.1.4 Information Related to Sources of Transport Data -- 2.1.5 The Internet Revolution-Big Data as a New Source of Transport Data -- 2.1.6 Sources of Transport Data Used in This Book -- 2.2 EVOLUTION AND TRENDS OF THE MODAL SPLIT OF EACH TRANSPORT MODE IN THE TRANSPORT MARKET -- 2.2.1 Passenger Transport -- 2.2.2 Freight Transport -- 2.3 EVOLUTION AND TRENDS OF AIR TRANSPORT |
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DEMAND -- 2.3.1 Rates of Growth of Air Transport, Low Margins of Profit, and Cyclic Fluctuations -- 2.3.2 Factors Affecting Air Transport Demand -- 2.3.3 Scheduled, Charter, and Low-Cost Flights -- 2.3.4 Evolution and Trends of Air Passenger Demand -- 2.3.5 Evolution and Trends of Air Freight Demand -- 2.3.6 The Rise of Demand for Low-Cost Airlines -- 2.3.7 Evolution and Trends of Flight Departures -- 2.3.8 Evolution and Trends of Demand in Airports -- 2.4 EVOLUTION AND TRENDS OF RAIL TRANSPORT DEMAND -- 2.4.1 Rise and Decline of Railways -- 2.4.2 Evolution and Trends of Rail Passenger Demand -- 2.4.3 Evolution and Trends of Demand for High-Speed Trains -- 2.4.4 Evolution and Trends of Rail Freight Demand -- 2.4.5 Trends in the Global Railway Technologies Market -- 2.5 EVOLUTION AND TRENDS OF ROAD TRANSPORT DEMAND -- 2.5.1 The Private Car Ownership Index -- 2.5.2 Evolution and Trends of Production of Road Vehicles -- 2.5.3 Evolution and Trends of Road Traffic -- 2.5.4 Road Safety -- 2.6 EVOLUTION AND TRENDS RELATED TO ELECTRIC CAR TECHNOLOGY -- 2.6.1 Definition and Types of Electric Cars -- 2.6.2 Cost of Electric Cars -- 2.6.3 Evolution and Trends of the Electric Car Market -- 2.6.4 Principal Driving Factors for the Electric Car Market. |
2.7 EVOLUTION AND TRENDS OF DEMAND OF METRO AND TRAM -- 2.8 EVOLUTION AND TRENDS OF SEA TRANSPORT DEMAND -- 2.8.1 Sea Transport and Economic Activity -- 2.8.2 Products Transported by Sea -- 2.8.3 Evolution and Trends of Traffic of the Various Categories of Sea Transport -- 2.8.4 Evolution and Trends of Container Sea Traffic -- 2.8.5 Evolution of the World Fleet -- 3 - Methods of Modeling Transport Demand -- 3.1 STRUCTURE AND VARIABLES OF A TRANSPORT DEMAND MODEL -- 3.1.1 Structure of a Transport Demand Model -- 3.1.2 Definition of a Variable -- 3.1.3 Numerical and Categorical Variables -- 3.1.4 Dependent and Independent Variables -- 3.1.5 Independent Variables of a Transport Demand Model -- 3.1.6 Proxy Variables -- 3.1.7 Dummy Variables -- 3.1.8 Linguistic Variables -- 3.1.9 Variables Used in a Logarithmic Form -- 3.1.10 Variables Within a Frame of Epistemological Approach -- 3.1.11 Endogenous and Exogenous Variables -- 3.2 TRANSPORT DEMAND IN A DETERMINISTIC OR PROBABILISTIC APPROACH -- 3.3 THE CHOICE BY A TRAVELER OF A TRANSPORT MODE-UTILITY THEORIES AND GENERALIZED COST OF TRANSPORT -- 3.3.1 Choice Among Many Alternative Transport Modes -- 3.3.2 Utility Theories -- 3.3.3 The Generalized Cost as a Specialization of the Utility Function for Transport -- 3.4 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE METHODS FOR TRANSPORT DEMAND -- 3.4.1 Definition and Characteristics of Quantitative and Qualitative Methods -- 3.4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages -- 3.5 AGGREGATE AND DISAGGREGATE MODELS -- 3.6 MODELS BASED ON STATISTICS AND COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE -- 3.7 MODEL SELECTION, CALIBRATION, ESTIMATION, AND VALIDATION -- 3.8 QUALITATIVE METHODS OF FORECAST OF TRANSPORT DEMAND -- 3.9 QUANTITATIVE METHODS OF FORECAST OF TRANSPORT DEMAND -- 3.9.1 Causal and Noncausal Methods -- 3.9.2 The Two Families of Quantitative Methods: Time Series and Econometric. |
3.9.3 Econometric Methods, Econometrics, and Economic Theory -- 3.9.4 Econometric and Economic Models -- 3.9.5 Balance Between Simplicity and Complexity -- 3.9.6 Essential Qualities for a Good Causal Forecasting -- 3.9.7 Another Category of Quantitative Method: Gravity Models -- 3.10 A PANORAMA OF THE VARIOUS QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE METHODS -- 3.11 STATISTICAL AND OTHER METHODS USED IN QUANTITATIVE METHODS -- 3.12 SELECTION OF THE APPROPRIATE MODEL OF FORECAST OF TRANSPORT DEMAND -- 3.13 BIG DATA AND TRANSPORT DEMAND -- 3.13.1 Definition, |
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Sources, and Characteristics of Big Data -- 3.13.1.1 Definition of Big Data -- 3.13.1.2 Sources of Big Data -- 3.13.1.3 Characteristics of Big Data -- 3.13.2 Technological Aspects of Big Data -- 3.13.3 Big Data and Privacy Rights -- 3.13.4 Applications of Big Data to Solve Some Transport Problems -- 3.13.5 Big Data, Social Networks, and Transport Demand -- 3.13.6 Some Applications of Big Data for the Forecast of Transport Demand -- 3.13.6.1 Is the Sample Representative of the Whole Population? -- 3.13.6.2 Use of Big Data for the Short-Term Forecast of Passenger Demand of an Airport -- 3.13.6.3 Use of Big Data for the Short-Term Forecast of Passenger Demand in Short-Shipping Routes -- 3.13.6.4 Use of Big Data for the Short-Term Forecast of Demand for Taxis of an Airport -- 3.13.7 Differences and Similarities Between Big Data and Traditional Methods for Transport Problems -- 4 - Executive Judgment, Delphi, Scenario Writing, and Survey Methods -- 4.1 THE EXECUTIVE JUDGMENT METHOD -- 4.1.1 Definition -- 4.1.2 Assumptions and Characteristics -- 4.1.3 The Scientific Background of the Method -- 4.1.4 Applications -- 4.2 THE DELPHI METHOD -- 4.2.1 Definition and Fundamentals -- 4.2.2 Cases of Use -- 4.2.3 Objectives -- 4.2.4 Procedure and Successive Stages -- 4.2.5 Characteristics and Features. |
4.2.6 Areas and Sectors of Application. |
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