The heart in systemic autoimmune diseases / / edited by Fabiola Atzeni, Rheumatology Unit, L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan Italy, Andrea Doria, Department of Medicine and Pheumatology Unit, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy [and three others]

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910583313103321
• Autore: Atzeni Fabiola
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Amsterdam ; ; Cambridge, Massachusetts : , : Elsevier, , [2017]; �2017
• ISBN: 0-444-63669-2; 0-12-803997-3
• Edizione: [2nd ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xxiii, 542 pages) : illustrations (some color)
• Collana: Handbook of systemic autoimmune diseases, , 1571-5078 ; ; volume 14
• Disciplina: 616.1079
• Soggetti: Heart - Diseases - Immunological aspects; Autoimmune diseases; Cardiological manifestations of general diseases; Atherosclerosis - Immunological aspects; Vasculitis
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover -- The Heart in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases -- Handbook of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases -- Handbook of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- 1 - Cellular Immunity: A Role for Cytokines -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. AUTOIMMUNITY IN MYOCARDITIS -- 3. PATHOGENESIS: THE ROLE OF CELLS AND CYTOKINES -- 3.1 Viral Mouse Model -- 3.2 Cardiac Myosin Mouse Model -- 3.3 Role of Cells -- 3.4 Role of Cytokines -- 3.5 Summary of Pathogenic Mechanisms -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 2 - Organ-Specific Autoimmunity Involvement in Cardiovascular Disease -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. POST-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (DRESSLER) SYNDROME -- 2.1 Anti-Heart Autoantibodies -- 3. POST-PERICARDIOTOMY SYNDROME AND IDIOPATHIC RECURRENT ACUTE PERICARDITIS -- 3.1 Anti-Heart Autoantibodies -- 4. RHEUMATIC CARDITIS -- 4.1 Immune ; Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Carditis -- 4.1.1 Antistreptococcus Antibodies -- 4.1.2 Anti-heart Autoantibodies -- 5. DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY AND MYOCARDITIS -- 5.1 Immune Pathogenesis of Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy -- 5.2 Anti-Heart Autoantibodies by s-I IFL -- 5.3 Anti-Heart Autoantibodies by s-I IFL: Technical Considerations and Proposed Nomenclature -- 5.4 Autoantibodies to Myosin Heavy Chain and Other Autoantigens by Immunoblotting Techniques -- 5.5 Autoantibodies to Sarcolemmal Na-K-ATPase -- 5.6 Autoantibodies to Mitochondrial and to Extracellular Matrix Antigens -- 5.7 Blocking and Stimulating Autoantibodies to β-Adrenergic Receptors -- 5.8 Autoantibodies to M2-Muscarinic Receptors -- 5.9 Cardiac-Specific Antibodies in Myocarditis/DCM: Clinical Correlates and Potential Functional Role -- 6. IDIOPATHIC TACHY AND BRADYARRHYTHMIAS -- 6.1 Cardiac Conducting Tissue Antibodies -- 6.2 Stimulating Autoantibodies to β-Adrenergic Receptors -- 7. SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION.; 7.1 Anti-Heart Autoantibodies by s-I IFL -- 7.2 Stimulating Autoantibodies to α1-Adrenergic Receptors -- 7.3 Stimulating Autoantibodies to the Angiotensin Receptor -- REFERENCES -- 3 - Neonatal Lupus Syndromes: Pathogenesis and Clinical Featuresa -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DEFINITION OF CONGENITAL COMPLETE AVB -- 3. ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS -- 3.1 Myocarditis -- 3.2 Arrhythmogenesis and Electrophysiological Effects -- 3.3 Apoptosis, TGFbeta, TLR, and the Road to Scar -- 3.4 Genetics -- 3.5 Evaluation of the Fine Specificities of the Maternal Autoantibody Profile -- 3.6 Other Pathogenetic Mechanisms -- 4. RISK OF DELIVERING A CHILD WITH COMPLETE CHB -- 5. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS -- 5.1 Cardiac Manifestations -- 5.2 Non-Cardiac Manifestations -- 6. TREATMENT -- 6.1 Fluorinated Corticosteroids -- 6.2 Other Possible Therapies -- 6.3 Postnatal Treatment -- 7. OBSTETRIC MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCIES AT RISK OF DEVELOPING CCHB -- 8. PROGNOSIS -- 8.1 Infants -- 8.2 Maternal -- 9. OTHER PREGNANCY OUTCOMES IN WOMEN WITH ANTI-RO/SSA ANTIBODIES -- 10. ANTI-RO/SSA NEGATIVE CHB -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- 4 - Subclinical Cardiovascular Damage in Systemic Rheumatic Diseases -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ROLE OF TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS -- 2.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 2.2 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- 2.3 Psoriatic Arthritis -- 2.4 Ankylosing Spondylitis -- 2.5 Systemic Sclerosis -- 3. SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS -- 3.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 3.2 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- 3.3 Psoriatic Arthritis -- 3.4 Ankylosing Spondylitis -- 3.5 Systemic Sclerosis -- 4. CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENTS -- 4.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 4.1.1 Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs -- 4.1.2 Glucocorticoids -- 4.1.3 Nonbiologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs -- 4.1.4 Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs.; 4.1.5 Statins -- 4.2 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- 4.2.1 Glucocorticoids -- 4.2.2 Hydroxychloroquine -- 4.2.3 Immunosuppressive Treatment -- 4.2.4 Statins -- 4.3 Psoriatic Arthritis -- 4.3.1 Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs -- 4.4 Ankylosing Spondylitis -- 4.4.1 Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs -- 4.4.2 Statins -- 4.5 Systemic Sclerosis -- REFERENCES -- 5 - Atherosclerosis and Autoimmunity -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PREVALENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY -- 3. PATHOGENESIS -- 3.1 Genetic Background -- 3.2 Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation -- 3.3 Autoantigens and Autoantibodies in Atherosclerosis -- 3.4 Cellular Mechanisms -- 3.5 The Role of β2GPI -- 3.6 ; Anticardiolipin Antibodies -- 3.7 Anti-oxLDL Antibodies -- 3.8 Anti-apoA-1 Antibodies -- 3.9 Inflammatory Chemokines and Cytokines in Autoimmune Atherosclerosis -- 3.10 Heat-Shock Proteins as Autoantigens in Atherosclerosis -- 3.11 Other Factors: Vitamin D and Obesity -- 3.12 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Atherosclerosis -- 3.13 Rheumatoid Arthritis and Atherosclerosis -- 4. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS -- 5. DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATIONS -- 6. TREATMENT -- REFERENCES -- 6 - Inflammasomes and Inflammatory Cytokines in Early Atherosclerosis -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. LIPID DYSREGULATION IN AUTOIMMUNITY -- 3. INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING MECHANISMS -- 4. INFLAMMASOMES AND IL-1β IN ATHEROGENESIS -- 5. β2-GLYCOPROTEIN I IN ATHEROGENIC INNATE IMMUNITY -- 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 7 - Treatment of Lipid Metabolism Disturbances in Autoimmune Diseases -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. LIPID METABOLISM DISTURBANCES RELEVANT FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES -- 3. SERUM LIPID LEVEL CONTROL IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES -- 3.1 Diet and Nutraceuticals.; 3.2 Total Cholesterol- and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs: Statins -- 3.2.1 Potential and Proven Benefits of Statin Use in Patients With Autoimmune Diseases -- 3.2.1.1 Effects on the Autoimmune Disease -- 3.2.1.2 Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease -- 3.2.2 Potential Harms of Statin Use in Patients With Autoimmune Diseases -- 3.3 Total Cholesterol- and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs: Fibrates -- 3.4 High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Increasing Drugs -- 4. LIPOPROTEIN FUNCTION MODULATION IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES -- REFERENCES -- 8 - Cardiac Imaging Techniques in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY -- 3. TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY -- 4. STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY -- 5. TISSUE DOPPLER IMAGING -- 6. SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY -- 7. MYOCARDIAL CONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY -- 8. USEFULNESS OF BIOMARKERS OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION -- 9. CAROTID ULTRASONOGRAPHY -- 9.1 Carotid Atherosclerosis -- 10. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 9 - New Cardiac Imaging Tools and Invasive Techniques in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (Part II) -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING -- 2.1 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques -- 2.1.1 Cine Imaging -- 2.1.2 T2-Weighted Imaging -- 2.1.3 First-Pass Myocardial Perfusion Imaging -- 2.1.4 Late Gadolinium Enhancement Imaging -- 2.2 Clinical Role and Indications for Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- 2.2.1 Ischemic Cardiomyopathy -- 2.2.2 Interstitial Fibrosis -- 2.2.3 Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies -- 2.2.4 Valve Dysfunction -- 2.2.5 Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia -- 2.2.6 Constrictive Pericarditis -- 2.2.7 Inflammatory Vasculitis -- 3. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY -- 3.1 Coronary Calcium Scoring -- 3.2 Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography -- 3.3 Pericardial Disease.; 4. RIGHT HEART CATHETERIZATION -- 5. ENDOMYOCARDIAL BIOPSY -- 5.1 Biopsy Technique -- 5.2 Complications -- 6. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- 10 - Cardiac Diseases in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 1.2 Mortality in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 2. ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Epidemiology -- 2.3 Etiology of Ischaemic Heart Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 2.3.1 Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors -- 2.3.1.1 Hypertension -- 2.3.1.2 Smoking -- 2.3.1.3 ; Lipids -- 2.3.1.4 Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus -- 2.3.1.5 Physical Activity -- 2.3.1.6 Body Weight and Composition -- 2.3.2 Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors -- 2.4 Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 2.5 Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 2.5.1 Added Value of Novel Biomarkers and Imaging -- 2.6 Treatment -- 2.6.1 Antiinflammatory Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk -- 2.6.2 Treatment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 3. NONATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE -- 3.1 Pericardial Disease -- 3.1.1 Introduction -- 3.1.2 Prevalence -- 3.1.3 Etiology of Pericardial Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 3.1.4 Mortality -- 3.1.5 Pathology -- 3.1.6 Clinical Manifestations -- 3.1.7 Diagnostic Investigations -- 3.1.8 Differential Diagnosis and Management -- 3.2 Endocardial Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 3.2.1 Valvular Disease -- 3.2.2 Coronary Arteritis -- 3.3 Myocardial Involvement and Conduction System Abnormalities in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 4. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 11 - Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PERICARDIAL INVOLVEMENT -- 2.1 Prevalence -- 2.2 Histopathologic Findings/Pathogenesis -- 2.3 Clinical Features.; 2.4 Diagnostic Investigations.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book provides an overview on the current understanding of major complications relating to the heart and autoimmune diseases. It includes the latest information on the new pathogenetic mechanisms involved, along with clinical manifestations of these important comortbidities. Mortality in autoimmune diseases, in particular, rheumatoid arthritis and SLE, has increased when compared with the general population, due largely to cardiovascular diseases.