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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910580134403321 |
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Autore |
Hilgers Michael |
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Titolo |
The diesel engine / / Michael Hilgers |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Berlin, Germany : , : Springer Vieweg, , [2022] |
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©2022 |
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ISBN |
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9783662651025 |
9783662651018 |
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Edizione |
[Second edition.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (85 pages) |
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Collana |
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Commercial vehicle technology |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Trucks - Motors (Diesel) |
Diesel trucks |
Machinery |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Truck Engines and Passenger Car Diesel Engines in Comparison -- 2 Diesel Fuel and Air -- 2.1 Air -- 2.2 The Air-Fuel Equivalence Ratio λ -- 3 The Mechanics of the Engine -- 3.1 The Crank Assembly -- 3.1.1 The Piston -- 3.1.2 The Motion of the Piston -- 3.1.3 Blow-by Losses and Crankcase Ventilation -- 3.2 The Valve Train and the Gear Train -- 3.3 The Engine Brake -- 3.3.1 The Exhaust Flap Valve (Exhaust Brake) -- 3.3.2 The Decompression Brake -- 3.3.2.1 Decompression Through the Exhaust Valves -- 3.3.2.2 The Constant Throttle Valve -- 3.4 Lubrication -- 4 Integrating the Engine in the Vehicle -- 4.1 The Cooling System -- 4.2 The Engine Needs Fresh Air: The Air Intake -- 5 The Fuel System and Fuel Injection -- 6 The Exhaust System -- 6.1 Exhaust Gas Turbocharger -- 6.1.1 Turbocompounding -- 6.2 Exhaust Gas Treatment -- 6.2.1 Emissions -- 6.2.1.1 Formation of Exhaust Gas Constituents -- 6.2.1.2 Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) -- 6.2.1.3 Particulate Matter (PM) -- 6.2.2 Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides -- 6.2.2.1 Exhaust Gas Recirculation, EGR -- 6.2.2.2 Selective Catalytic Reduction, SCR -- 6.2.3 Reduction of Particulate Matter in Exhaust Gas -- 6.2.3.1 The Diesel Particulate Filter -- 6.2.4 Reduction of Hydrocarbons and Carbon Monoxide -- 6.2.5 Combined Systems -- 7 Thermodynamics -- 7.1 |
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Some Thermodynamic Fundamentals -- 7.1.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics -- 7.1.2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics -- 7.2 Ideal Gas -- 7.3 State Changes of Ideal Gases -- 7.3.1 State Change with Constant Volume-Isochoric State Change -- 7.3.2 State Change with Constant Pressure-Isobaric State Change -- 7.3.3 State Change with Constant Temperature-Isothermal State Change -- 7.3.4 State Change Without Change of Entropy-Isentropic State Change -- 7.4 Cyclic Processes -- 7.4.1 The Carnot Cycle. |
7.4.2 The Constant Volume Cycle (the Otto Cycle) -- 7.4.3 The Constant Pressure Cycle (the Diesel Cycle) -- 7.4.4 Comparison of Diesel and Gasoline Engines -- 7.4.5 The Seiliger Cycle -- 7.4.6 Approximating the Real Cycle -- Comprehension Questions -- Abbreviations and Symbols -- References -- Index. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9911018950303321 |
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Titolo |
Antioxidants and reactive oxygen species in plants / / edited by Nicholas Smirnoff |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Oxford ; ; Ames, Iowa, : Blackwell Pub., 2005 |
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ISBN |
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9786610748211 |
9781280748219 |
1280748214 |
9780470761168 |
0470761164 |
9780470988565 |
0470988568 |
9781405171465 |
1405171464 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (318 p.) |
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Collana |
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Biological Sciences Series |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Antioxidants - Physiological effect |
Active oxygen - Physiological effect |
Plants - Metabolism |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Antioxidants and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants; Contents; Contributors; Preface; 1 Glutathione; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The glutathione redox couple and cellular redox potential; 1.3 Glutathione metabolism; 1.4 Biosynthesis and inhibition by L-buthionine-SR-sulphoximine; 1.5 Glutathione and the cell cycle; 1.6 Glutathione in leaves and its relationship to chilling tolerance; 1.7 Glutathione and homoglutathione in the regulation of root and root nodule development; 1.8 Transport and transporters; 1.9 Glutathione and signalling; 1.10 Conclusions and perspectives |
2 Plant thiol enzymes and thiol homeostasis in relation to thiol-dependent redox regulation and oxidative stress2.1 Introduction: plant sulfur and thiol contents; 2.2 The redox potential and its relation to the redox proteome; 2.3 Oxidation of thiol groups; 2.4 C-X-X-C and C-X-X-S motifs in redox proteins; 2.5 The principle reactions that maintain thiol-redox homeostasis; 2.6 Enzymes involved in thiol-disulfide interconversion; 2.6.1 Thioredoxins; 2.6.2 Glutaredoxins; 2.6.3 Omega and lambda-GSTs; 2.6.4 Protein disulfide isomerases |
2.7 Peroxiredoxins, thiol/disulfide proteins in antioxidant defence2.7.1 1-Cys Prx; 2.7.2 2-Cys Prx; 2.7.3 Prx Q; 2.7.4 Type II Prx; 2.8 The thiol proteome of plants; 2.9 Thiol homeostasis in subcellular compartments; 2.10 Thiol-dependent redox regulation of gene expression; 2.11 Linking thiol regulation to metabolic and developmental pathways; 2.12 Outlook; 3 Ascorbate, tocopherol and carotenoids: metabolism, pathway engineering and functions; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Ascorbate; 3.2.1 Distribution and subcellular localisation; 3.2.2 Ascorbate biosynthesis; 3.2.3 Ascorbate recycling |
3.2.4 Ascorbate and dehydroascorbate transport across membranes3.2.5 Enzymes involved in ascorbate oxidation; 3.2.6 Ascorbate catabolism; 3.2.7 Control of ascorbate synthesis and metabolic engineering; 3.2.8 The functions of ascorbate; 3.3 Vitamin E: tocopherols and tocotrienols; 3.3.1 Isoprenoid antioxidants; 3.3.2 Structure and antioxidant activity of tocopherols and tocotrienols; 3.3.3 Functions of tocopherol; 3.3.4 Biosynthesis of tocopherols and tocotrienols; 3.3.5 Control and engineering of tocopherol and tocotrienol biosynthesis; 3.4 Carotenoids; 3.4.1 Carotenoids as antioxidants |
3.4.2 Carotenoid biosynthesis and metabolic engineering4 Ascorbate peroxidase; 4.1 Enzymatic removal of hydrogen peroxide in plants; 4.2 Functional analysis of APX; 4.3 APX structure; 4.3.1 Overall structure; 4.3.2 Active site structure; 4.3.3 Substrate binding; 4.4 Evolution of APXs; 4.5 Summary; 5 Catalases in plants: molecular and functional properties and role in stress defence; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Biochemistry and molecular structure of catalases; 5.2.1 Types of catalases; 5.2.2 Molecular structure; 5.2.3 Mechanism of the catalytic reaction and kinetic properties |
5.3 Occurrence and properties of plant catalases |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during the interaction of metabolism with oxygen. As ROS have the potential to cause oxidative damage by reacting with biomolecules, research on ROS has concentrated on the oxidative damage that results from exposure to environmental stresses and on the role of ROS in defence against pathogens. However, more recently, it has become apparent that ROS also have important roles as signalling molecules. A complex network of enzymatic and small molecule antioxidants controls the concentration of ROS and repairs oxidative damage, and research is revealing t |
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