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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910574088503321 |
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Titolo |
Hypospadias surgery : an illustrated textbook / / edited by Ahmed T. Hadidi |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022] |
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©2022 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[Second edition.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (931 pages) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Foreword to the Second Edition -- Foreword to the Second Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition, 2004 -- Foreword to the First Edition, 2004 -- Foreword to the First Edition, 2004 -- Art Designers Acknowledgement -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: General and Basic Science -- 1: History of Hypospadias -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Evolution of Hypospadias Repair Techniques -- 1.2.1 The Early Period: The Period of Stretching and Glue -- 1.2.2 The Renaissance or Middle Ages Period: The Period of Tunneling -- 1.2.3 The Modern Period: The Period of Urethroplasty -- 1.3 Grades of Hypospadias -- 1.3.1 Grade I or Glanular Hypospadias (Q54.0) -- 1.3.2 Grade II or Distal Hypospadias (Q54.1) -- 1.3.3 Grade III or Proximal Hypospadias Without Severe Deep Chordee (Q54.2) -- 1.3.4 Grade IV or Perineal Hypospadias with Severe Deep Chordee (Q54.3) -- 1.3.5 Grade V or Cicatricial or Crippled Hypospadias -- 1.4 Chordee (Penile Curvature) -- 1.5 Stages of Repair -- 1.6 Suture Materials -- References -- 2: Men Behind Principles and Principles Behind Techniques -- 2.1 Short List of Men Behind Principles -- 2.2 Abnormal Ventral Curvature of the Penis (Chordee) and Orthoplasty -- 2.3 Abnormal Proximal Meatal Insertion and Urethroplasty -- 2.3.1 Urethral Mobilization -- 2.3.2 Use of Ventral Skin Distal to the Meatus -- 2.4 Use of Ventral Skin Proximal to the Meatus (Meatal-Based Flaps) -- 2.4.1 Use of Preputial Skin -- 2.4.2 Combined Use of Prepuce and Skin Proximal to the Meatus -- |
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2.4.3 Use of the Scrotum -- 2.4.4 Use of Dorsal Penile Skin -- 2.4.5 Use of Grafts -- 2.5 Use of a Protective Intermediate Layer -- 2.6 Abnormal-Looking Glans Penis and Glanuloplasty and Meatoplasty -- References -- 3: Normal Development of the Penis and Urethra -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Cloaca. |
3.2.1 Development and Fate of the Cloacal Membrane -- 3.2.2 Development of the Urogenital Fold -- 3.2.3 Development of the Urogenital Plate -- 3.2.4 Development of the Male Penile (Spongy) Urethra -- 3.2.4.1 Penile Urethra -- 3.2.4.2 Glanular urethra -- 3.3 Discussion -- 3.3.1 The Fate of the Cloacal Membrane -- 3.3.2 The Penile (Spongy) Urethra -- 3.3.3 The Glanular Urethra -- 3.3.4 The Median Perineal Raphe -- 3.4 The Migration Hypothesis -- 3.5 Conclusion -- 3.6 Derivatives of the Genital Tubercle -- 3.6.1 The Glans -- 3.6.2 The Corpora Cavernosa -- 3.6.3 The Corpus Spongiosum -- 3.7 Development of the Fascial Stroma -- 3.8 Development of the Median Perineal Raphe and Septum -- 3.9 Development of the Scrotum -- 3.10 Development of the Prepuce and Frenulum -- 3.11 Derivatives of the Mesonephric and Paramesonephric Ducts -- References -- 4: Surgical Anatomy of the Penis and Urethra -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Root of the Penis -- 4.3 The Body of the Penis -- 4.3.1 Coverings of the Penis -- 4.3.2 The Corpora Cavernosa -- 4.3.3 The Corpus Spongiosum -- 4.3.4 The Bulbospongiosus Muscle -- 4.3.5 The Penile (Spongy) Urethra -- 4.4 The Glans -- 4.4.1 Dimensions of the Glans -- 4.4.2 Glans-Penis Ratio -- 4.4.3 Fossa Navicularis -- 4.4.4 The External Urethral Meatus -- 4.5 The Prepuce -- 4.6 The Frenulum -- 4.7 The Median Raphe -- 4.8 Nerve Supply of the Penis -- 4.8.1 Somatic Innervation -- 4.8.2 Autonomic Innervation -- 4.8.3 Neurovascular Bundle -- 4.9 Suspensory Ligaments -- 4.10 Normal Size of the Penis -- 4.10.1 Normal Size of the External Genitalia in Adults -- 4.10.2 Anoscrotal Distance (ASD) (Figs. 4.13 and 4.14) -- 4.10.3 Penile Length -- 4.10.4 Tanner Classification of Sexual Maturity Stages in Boys (Fig. 4.16) -- 4.11 Blood Supply of the Skin of the Penis and Prepuce. |
4.11.1 Preputial Arterial Supply and Venous Drainage -- 4.11.2 Surgical Considerations -- 4.12 Conclusions -- References -- Suggested Readings -- 5: Altered Development of Prepuce in Hypospadias and Its Clinical Relevance -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Theories of Preputial Development -- 5.3 Characteristics of Male Genital Skin in Different Genital Locations (Table 5.1) -- 5.4 COVER Technique for Skin Reconstruction in Hypospadias Repair (COVER: Cobra eyes' Ventral Reapproximation) -- References -- 6: Morphology of Hypospadias -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Glans -- 6.2.1 Glans Dimensions in Hypospadias -- 6.3 The Meatus -- 6.4 The Urethral Plate -- 6.5 The Prepuce -- 6.6 The Proximal Penile Urethra -- 6.7 Corpus Spongiosum -- 6.8 Bulbospongiosus Muscle -- 6.9 The Penoscrotal (Median) Raphe -- 6.10 Penile Torsion -- 6.11 Size of the Penis -- 6.12 The Scrotum -- 6.13 Anoscrotal Distance (ASD) -- 6.14 Suprapubic Fat -- 6.15 The Testis -- 6.16 The Prostate -- 6.17 Other Associated Anomalies -- References -- 7: Pathogenesis of Hypospadias: The Disorganization Hypothesis -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Normal Urethral Development (The "Migration Hypothesis") -- 7.3 The Glans -- 7.4 Penile Urethra -- 7.5 The Urethral Plate -- 7.6 Chordee -- 7.7 The Corpus Spongiosum -- 7.8 The Corpus Cavernosum -- 7.9 The Prepuce and Frenulum -- 7.10 Median Raphe -- 7.11 Torsion and Rotation -- 7.12 Megameatus Intact Prepuce (MIP) -- 7.13 Penoscrotal Transposition and Bifid Scrotum -- 7.14 Anoscrotal Distance (ASD) -- 7.15 Discussion -- 7.16 Disorganization |
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Hypothesis (Fig. 7.28) -- References -- 8: The Urethral Plate and Chordee -- 8.1 The Urethral Plate -- 8.1.1 Introduction -- 8.1.2 Definition of the Urethral Plate -- 8.1.2.1 Medical Dictionary Definition -- 8.1.2.2 Embryological Definition -- 8.1.2.3 Anatomical Definition. |
8.1.2.4 Surgical Definition -- 8.1.2.5 Other Definitions -- 8.1.3 Morphology of the Urethral Plate -- 8.1.4 Epithelial Lining of the Normal Urethra and the Urethral Plate -- 8.1.5 Quality of the Urethral Plate -- 8.1.6 Width of the Urethral Plate -- 8.1.7 Variations of the Urethral Plate in a Single Patient -- 8.1.8 Histology of the Urethral Plate -- 8.1.9 Effect of Age on the Urethral Plate -- 8.2 Chordee (Penile Curvature) -- 8.2.1 Introduction and Origin of the Term Chordee -- 8.2.2 Definition -- 8.2.3 Surgical Anatomy of Penile Fascia -- 8.2.3.1 Normal Fascial Coverings of the Penis -- 8.2.4 Morphology of Chordee -- 8.2.5 Is There a Chordee Tissue? -- 8.2.6 Histology of the Chordee -- 8.2.7 Etiology of Chordee -- 8.2.8 Erection Tests -- 8.2.9 Grades of Chordee -- 8.2.10 Is the Penile Curvature an Angle or an Arc? -- 8.2.11 How to Measure the Chordee Angle? -- 8.2.12 When to Correct Chordee? -- 8.2.13 Frankfurt Protocol of Chordee Correction -- 8.2.13.1 Timing of Chordee Correction: Early Correction of Chordee at 6 Months -- 8.2.13.2 Intraoperative Assessment and Planning -- 8.2.13.3 Ventral Degloving of the Penis -- 8.2.13.4 Tunica Albuginea Externa Excision (TALE) -- Assessment of Curvature After the TALE Procedure -- Tunica Vaginalis Flap (TVF) -- 8.2.13.5 Abdominal Wall Fixation -- 8.2.14 Chordee Without Hypospadias and Paper-Thin Urethra -- 8.2.15 Glanular Tilt -- 8.2.16 General Principles of Chordee Correction -- 8.2.16.1 Techniques That Lengthen the Ventral Side of the Penis -- Tunica Albuginea Longitudinal Excision (TALE) -- Fairy Cuts -- STAG and STAC Procedure -- Incision of Tunica Albuginea and the Use of Grafts or Flaps -- 8.2.16.2 The Use of Dermal Grafts -- 8.2.16.3 The Use of Small Intestinal Submucosa (SIS) -- 8.2.16.4 The Use of Buccal Mucosa. |
8.2.16.5 Tunica Vaginalis Grafts or Tunica Vaginalis Flap (TVF) -- 8.2.16.6 Techniques That Shorten the Dorsal Side of the Penis (Fig. 8.54) -- Nesbit Procedure -- Tunica Albuginea Plication (TAP) -- Heineke-Mikulicz Technique -- 8.2.17 Does Dorsal Plication Produce Shortening of the Penis? -- 8.2.17.1 Penile Disassembly Technique -- 8.2.18 Dissection of the Urethral Plate/Urethra -- 8.2.19 Dissection of the Neurovascular Bundle -- 8.2.20 Total Urethral Mobilization -- 8.2.21 Split and Roll Technique -- 8.2.22 Recurrent/Persistent Chordee in Adolescents and Young Adults (Fig. 8.62) -- References -- 9: Classification and Assessment of Hypospadias -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Anatomical Classifications of Hypospadias -- 9.3 Why Do We Need to Classify Hypospadias? -- 9.4 Factors that Influence Outcome of Hypospadias Surgery -- 9.4.1 Site of Meatus (M) -- 9.4.2 Chordee (C) -- 9.4.3 Type and Size of the Glans (G) -- 9.4.4 The Urethral Plate (U) -- 9.5 The Hypospadias International Score (MCGU) -- 9.6 The Hypospadias Operative Checklist (HOC) -- 9.7 Postoperative Assessment -- References -- 10: Epidemiology of Hypospadias -- 10.1 Prevalence -- 10.2 Etiology of Hypospadias Is Multifactorial -- 10.3 Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome -- 10.4 Estrogen Hypothesis -- 10.5 The Role of Environmental Factors in the Etiology of Hypospadias -- 10.5.1 Exogenous Exposure to Estrogens -- 10.5.1.1 Oral Contraceptives -- 10.5.1.2 Assisted Reproductive Technology -- 10.6 Endogenous Hormone Levels -- 10.6.1 Endogenous Estradiol Levels -- 10.6.2 Placental Insufficiency -- 10.7 Clinical Factors -- 10.7.1 Pregnancy Complications -- 10.7.2 Maternal Drug Use -- 10.7.3 Maternal Intrauterine DES Exposure -- |
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10.8 Behavioral Factors -- 10.8.1 Parental Age -- 10.8.2 Maternal Diet -- 10.8.3 Other Lifestyle Factors -- 10.9 Occupational Factors. |
10.9.1 Exposure to Pesticides. |
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