Environment, scarcity, and violence [[electronic resource] /] / Thomas F. Homer-Dixon

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910780058503321
• Autore: Homer-Dixon Thomas F
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Princeton, N.J., : Princeton University Press, c1999
• ISBN: 9786612457845; 1-4008-2299-8; 1-282-45784-5; 1-4008-1210-0
• Edizione: [Core Textbook]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (272 p.)
• Classificazione: MS 1700
• Disciplina: 303.6
• Soggetti: Violence - Environmental aspects - Developing countries; Social conflict - Developing countries; Environmental degradation - Social aspects - Developing countries; Renewable natural resources - Developing countries; Scarcity - Social aspects; Developing countries Environmental conditions
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Front matter -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Overview -- 3. Two Centuries of Debate -- 4. Environmental Scarcity -- 5. Interactions and Social Effects -- 6. Ingenuity and Adaptation -- 7. Violence -- 8. Conclusions -- Notes -- General Readings on Environmental Security -- Index
• Sommario/riassunto: The Earth's human population is expected to pass eight billion by the year 2025, while rapid growth in the global economy will spur ever increasing demands for natural resources. The world will consequently face growing scarcities of such vital renewable resources as cropland, fresh water, and forests. Thomas Homer-Dixon argues in this sobering book that these environmental scarcities will have profound social consequences--contributing to insurrections, ethnic clashes, urban unrest, and other forms of civil violence, especially in the developing world. Homer-Dixon synthesizes work from a wide range of international research projects to develop a detailed model of the ; sources of environmental scarcity. He refers to water shortages in China, population growth in sub-Saharan Africa, and land distribution in Mexico, for example, to show that scarcities stem from the degradation and depletion of renewable resources, the increased demand for these resources, and/or their unequal distribution. He shows that these scarcities can lead to deepened poverty, large-scale migrations, sharpened social cleavages, and weakened institutions. And he describes the kinds of violence that can result from these social effects, arguing that conflicts in Chiapas, Mexico and ongoing turmoil in many African and Asian countries, for instance, are already partly a consequence of scarcity. Homer-Dixon is careful to point out that the effects of environmental scarcity are indirect and act in combination with other social, political, and economic stresses. He also acknowledges that human ingenuity can reduce the likelihood of conflict, particularly in countries with efficient markets, capable states, and an educated populace. But he argues that the violent consequences of scarcity should not be underestimated--especially when about half the world's population depends directly on local renewables for their day-to-day well-being. In the next decades, he writes, growing scarcities will affect billions of people with unprecedented severity and at an unparalleled scale and pace. Clearly written and forcefully argued, this book will become the standard work on the complex relationship between environmental scarcities and human violence.

New Therapies of Liver Diseases

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910566457403321
• Autore: Toniutto Pierluigi
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Basel, : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2022
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (236 p.)
• Soggetti: Public health and preventive medicine
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Sommario/riassunto: In this Special Issue of the journal, advancements in the treatment of liver diseases are illustrated by international experts in the field. New treatment options for primary biliary cirrhosis and, hopefully, primary sclerosing cholangitis are discussed. Up-to-date pharmacological therapy for preventing liver cirrhosis decompensation and treating acute-on-chronic liver failure is highlighted. Furthermore, new treatments for cholangiocarcinoma, based on biological and tissue markers, will be available in the near future, aiming to surpass the current unsatisfactory results of traditional therapies. Immunotherapy has been applied to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The new first-line treatment, combining atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for HCC in the intermediate and advanced stages, will allow for an increase in patient survival in the near future. Liver transplantation (LT) remains the preferred treatment for many patients with end-stage liver diseases and HCC. The selection criteria for LT in patients with HCC moved from morphological to dynamic criteria, such as those derived from the assessment of tumor responses to locoregional and/or systemic treatments before transplantation. This allowed many patients who would have been excluded from a transplantation with the old selection criteria to access one. Finally, a very interesting issue regarding new indications for liver transplantation is illustrated.