1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910476889603321

Autore

De Witte Kristof

Titolo

Financing Quality Education for All : The Funding Methods of Compulsory and Special Needs Education / / Kristof De Witte [and three others]

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Leuven, Belgium : , : Leuven University Press, , 2019

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (161 pages) : illustrations

Disciplina

338.43378

Soggetti

Education, Higher - Finance

Government aid to education

Special education - Finance

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Nota di contenuto

Introduction -- The choice of countries and regions -- Overview of education systems -- Funding formulas -- Conclusions.

Sommario/riassunto

In OECD countries the average expenditure on primary and secondary education institutions is about 3.5% of GDP. The investment in education has large implications for economic development and the proper functioning of democratic institutions, as well as overall well-being. However, clear consensus and guidance on which system leads to the best educational outcomes is lacking. This volume describes the resource allocation for compulsory and special needs education for a selection of well-performing countries and regions on PISA tests. By studying the funding systems in well-performing countries and regions the authors identify the elements in the respective funding systems that are associated with best outcomes and have the ideal characteristics to pursue particular goals of education systems such as equity and efficiency. The funding methods of primary and secondary education as well as special needs education are covered.



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910557760203321

Autore

Kipp Markus

Titolo

Oligodendrocyte Physiology and Pathology Function

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Basel, Switzerland, : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2021

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (330 p.)

Soggetti

Medicine and Nursing

Neurosciences

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Sommario/riassunto

The adult vertebrate central nervous system mainly consists of neurons, astrocytes, microglia cells, and oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells of the CNS, are subjected to cell stress and subsequent death in a number of metabolic or inflammatory disorders, among which multiple sclerosis (MS) is included. This disease is associated with the development of large demyelinated plaques, oligodendrocyte destruction, and axonal degeneration, paralleled by the activation of astrocytes and microglia as well as the recruitment of peripheral immune cells to the site of tissue injury. Of note, viable oligodendrocytes and an intact myelin sheath are indispensable for neuronal health. For example, it has been shown that oligodendrocytes provide nutritional support to neurons, fast axonal transport depends on proper oligodendrocyte function, and mice deficient in mature myelin proteins eventually display severe neurodegeneration. This Special Issue contains a collection of highly relevant primary research articles as well as review articles focusing on the development, physiology, and pathology of the oligodendrocyte-axon-myelin unit.