1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910318336503321

Autore

Dalègre Joëlle

Titolo

Venise en Crète : Civitas venetiarum apud Levantem / / Joëlle Dalègre

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Paris, : Presses de l’Inalco, 2019

ISBN

2-85831-302-4

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (368 p.)

Soggetti

Music

History

Sociology & Anthropology

Crète vénitienne

guerres turco-vénitiennes

Candie

La Canée

Réthmnon

Sitia

ierapetra

noblesse crètoise

duc de Crète

noblesse vénitienne

vilains

musique

littérature

icônes

vénéto-crétois

révoltes crétoises

imprimerie grecque

séismes

Candia

Chania

Turkish-Venetian

monasteries

education

villains

music

taxes

mude

trade



mixed trade

Greek printind

Dike of Crete

Lingua di pubblicazione

Francese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Sommario/riassunto

Les Crétois ont vécu près de cinq siècles sous domination vénitienne, du début du xiiie siècle au milieu du xviie. Ce fut une véritable entreprise de colonisation : un pays étranger et lointain débarque, prend le pouvoir, s’arroge les meilleures terres qu’il distribue à ses colons, établit son administration ses règles, ses impôts, sa justice, sa religion, sa langue, ses divisions sociales, ses principes économiques... à son avantage. Un système centralisé, contrôlé, mais capable d’évoluer au fil du temps en prenant conscience des réalités. C’est l’objet des premiers chapitres.  C’est aussi une expérience humaine exceptionnelle de coexistence entre deux populations, où à la fois s’affirment et se mêlent les identités. Les Crétois n’ont jamais réellement accepté la domination, près de trente révoltes le prouvent, et les Vénitiens jusqu’au bout se méfient d’eux et refusent de leur confier des armes pour la défense de l’île. Néanmoins, les populations se côtoient, des mariages mixtes ont lieu, des églises s’ouvrent aux deux cultes, et les contacts culturels se multiplient ; c’est ainsi que naîtra la Renaissance crétoise, floraison artistique unique. Les colons, toujours minoritaires, sont‑ils encore des « colons » au bout de plusieurs siècles ? La Crète, après Venise, est‑elle différente ? Ces phénomènes qui touchent à l’humain forment la seconde partie du livre, qui ne peut que se clore sur la conquête turque.  The Cretans lived nearly five centuries under Venetian rule, from the beginning of the 13th century to the middle of the 17th century. It was a real enterprise of colonization: a foreign and distant country, seizes power, arrogates to itself the best lands which it distributes to its colonists, establishes its administration, its rules, its taxes, its justice, its religion, its language, its social divisions, its economic rules ... to its advantage. A centralized system, controlled, but able to evolve over time by becoming aware of the realities. This is the…



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910557600203321

Autore

Corti Alessandro

Titolo

Targeting Monocytes/Macrophages to Treat Atherosclerotic Inflammation

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Frontiers Media SA, 2020

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (127 p.)

Soggetti

Pharmacology

Science: general issues

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Sommario/riassunto

It is by now widely recognized that atherosclerosis - with its burden of consequences in cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases - is just a chronic inflammatory process of the arterial wall. A very peculiar, complex and as yet still poorly understood process, upon which hundreds of scientists from several different fields are continuously concentrating their investigative efforts in search of possible leads to therapeutic approaches. Initiation of the disease is given by deposition of lipid in the intimal layers, resulting in endothelial activation and infiltration of blood-derived mononuclear cells. These mature into macrophages, become activated, express scavenger receptors such as SR-A and CD36 and ingest the oxidized lipoprotein accumulating in the lesion. Macrophages thus represent an obvious target for intervention, as they play a crucial role in the progression of the atherosclerotic inflammation. Studies have shown that hypercholesterolaemia can increase monocyte mobilisation from bone marrow into the circulation, and several chemokines and their receptors are involved in the recruitment of blood borne monocytes into the arterial wall. Monocyte-derived macrophages are capable of sustaining their local proliferation, but resident macrophages possibly also participate in progression of the disease. Remarkably, smooth muscle cells can acquire macrophage-like features during atherogenesis, including the ability to



uptake lipid, thus becoming a significant proportion of the CD68+ so called 'foam cells'. Lipid-laden macrophages induce extracellular matrix degradation, while lipid uptake eventually causes their death with formation of a necrotic core. The efficiency in clearance of dead cells by phagocytes (efferocytosis), can also be considered as a determinant of plaque vulnerability. An important feature of macrophages is their great plasticity and functional diversity in response to signals from the plaque microenvironment. Several such 'signals' (cholesterol, oxidative stress, hypoxia, cytokines...) can in fact modulate cell differentiation at transcriptional and epigenetic levels, thus altering the balance between the effector vs. reparative functions of macrophages. A whole gamut of specific subsets are thus originated, which appear to be simultaneously present in lesions with proportions that vary according to their location, the disease stage, and the presence of additional cell types such as e.g. dendritic cells. The result is a multiplicity of potential pharmacological targets, representing a major obstacle for the devisement of therapeutic strategies. Experimental approaches have been attempted in diverse directions: e.g. modulating the macrophage phenotype to an anti-inflammatory and resolving state, or blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines that macrophages produce, or alternatively enhancing efferocytosis in order to favour the resolution of inflammation and stabilization of plaques. Blocking monocyte recruitment was proposed in order to hinder the initial steps of atherogenesis. Other treatments were aimed to inhibiting local proliferation of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Specific targeting of macrophages has however to date not yet provided significant, translational results. The present Research Topic collects articles to help unravel the complexity of macrophage behaviour in atherosclerosis and identify innovative pharmacological approaches.



3.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910557789203321

Autore

Smith Heather F

Titolo

Anatomical Variation and Clinical Diagnosis

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Basel, Switzerland, : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2021

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (187 p.)

Soggetti

Medicine and Nursing

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Sommario/riassunto

In the anatomical sciences, it has long been recognized that the human body displays a range of morphological patterns and arrangements, often termed "anatomical variation". Variations are relatively common throughout the body and may cause or contribute to significant medical conditions. An understanding of normal anatomical variation is vital for performing a broad range of surgical and other medical procedures and treatment modalities. However, despite their importance to effective diagnosis and treatment, such variations are often overlooked in medical school curricula and clinical practice. Recent advances in imaging techniques and a renewed interest in variation in dissection-based gross anatomy laboratories have facilitated the identification of many such variants. The aim of this Special Issue of Diagnostics is to highlight previously under-recognized anatomical variations and to discuss them in a clinical context. In particular, this Special Issue focuses on variants that have specific implications for diagnosis and treatment and explores their potential consequences. The scope of this Special Issue includes studies on gross anatomy, radiology, surgical anatomy, histology, and neuroanatomy.