Companion to Science in the twentieth century / / edited by John Krige and Dominique Pestre

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910789595303321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: London : , : Routledge, , 2003
• ISBN: 1-136-48332-2; 1-136-48339-X; 1-315-01560-9
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (979 p.)
• Collana: Routledge world reference series
• Altri autori (Persone): KrigeJohn; PestreDominique
• Disciplina: 509.04
• Soggetti: Science -- History -- 20th century
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: First published in The Netherlands by Routledge 1997. First published in paperback 2003--T.p. verso.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; Title Page ; Copyright Page ; TABLE OF CONTENTS; List of Figures ; List of Tables ; List of Contributors; Introduction; CHAPTER I Historiography of ScienceAn American Perspective; CHAPTER 2 What is Science?; CHAPTER 3 On Seeing Brockenspectres Sex and Gender in Twentieth-Century Science; CHAPTER 4 Science, Political Power and the State; CHAPTER 5 Crafting and Disciplining the Tropics Plant Science in the French Colonies; CHAPTER 6 The Management of Society by Numbers; CHAPTER 7 Scientific Management and the Production Process; CHAPTER 8 The Discovery of Growth Statistical Glimpses of Twentieth-Century ScienceCHAPTER 9 Academic Research, Technical Change and Government Policy; CHAPTER 10 Science and the UniversityPatterns from the US Experience in the Twentieth Century; CHAPTER 11 Science, Scientists, and the Military; CHAPTER 12 Innovation and the Modern Corporation From Heroic Invention to Industrial Science; CHAPTER 13 The Transformation of the Pharmaceutical Industry in the Twentieth Century; CHAPTER 14 The History of Electronics From Vacuum Tubes to Transistors; CHAPTER 15 Science in Public Policy A History of High-Level Radioactive Waste ManagementCHAPTER 16 From Eugenics to Genetic ; Manipulation; CHAPTER 17 In the Name of Science; CHAPTER 18 Science Fiction and Science in theTwentieth Century; CHAPTER 19 Seeing and Picturing Visual Representation in Twentieth-Century Science; CHAPTER 20 The Earth Sciences and Geophysics; CHAPTER 21 Neo-Darwinism and Natural History; CHAPTER 22 Clinical Research; CHAPTER 23 Cancer The Century of the Transformed Cell; CHAPTER 24 A Science 'Dans Le Siecle' Immunology or the Science of Boundaries; CHAPTER 25 The Molecular Transformation of Twentieth-Century BiologyCHAPTER 26 Biochemistry, Molecules and Macromolecules; CHAPTER 27 Polymer Chemistry; CHAPTER 28 Atomic and Molecular Science 1900-1960; CHAPTER 29 Solid State Science; CHAPTER 30 From 'Elementary' to 'Fundamental' Particles; CHAPTER 31 Computer Science The Search for a Mathematical Theory; CHAPTER 32 Astronomy; CHAPTER 33 Mathematics in the Twentieth Century; CHAPTER 34 Material Culture, Theore tical Culture and Delocalization; CHAPTER 35 Biologists at Work Experimental Practices in the Twentieth-Century Life SciencesCHAPTER 36 Mastering Nature and Yeoman Agricultural Science in the Twentieth Century; CHAPTER 37 The Role of Physical Instrumentationin Structural Organic Chemistry; CHAPTER 38 Physics Instruments in the Twentieth Century; CHAPTER 39 Science in the United Kingdom A Study in the Nationalization of Science; CHAPTER 40 Russian Science in the Twentieth Century; CHAPTER 41 Twentieth-Century German Science Institutional Innovation and Adaptation; CHAPTER 42 Science in the United States; CHAPTER 43 Science in Latin Arnerica
• Sommario/riassunto: With over forty chapters, written by leading scholars, this comprehensive volume represents the best work in America, Europe and Asia. Geographical diversity of the authors is reflected in the different perspectives devoted to the subject, and all major disciplinary developments are covered.<BR>There are also sections concerning the countries that have made the most significant contributions, the relationship between science and industry, the importance of instrumentation, and the cultural influence of scientific modes of thought. Students and professionals will come to appreciate how, and why

A Systems Approach for River and River Basin Restoration

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910557578503321
• Autore: Endreny Theodore
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Basel, Switzerland, : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2021
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (204 p.)
• Soggetti: Technology: general issues; Kalgoorlie-Boulder (SE WA Goldfields SH51-09)
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Sommario/riassunto: Communities increasingly find that the water quality, water levels, or some other resource indicator in their river basins do not meet their expectations. This discrepancy between the desired and actual state of the resource leads to efforts in river basin restoration. River basins are complex systems, and too often, restoration efforts are ineffective due to a lack of understanding of the purpose of the system, defined by the system structure and function. The river basin structure includes stocks (e.g., water level or quality), inflows (e.g., precipitation or fertilization), outflows (e.g., evaporation or runoff), and positive and negative feedback loops with delays in responsiveness, all of which function to change or stabilize the state of the system (e.g., the stock of interest, such as water level or quality). External drivers on this structure, together with goals and rules, contribute to how a river basin functions. This book reviews several new research projects to identify and rank the twelve most effective leverage points to address discrepancies between the desired and actual state of the river basin system. This book demonstrates that river basin restoration is most likely to succeed when we change paradigms rather than try to change the system elements, as the paradigm will establish the system goals, structure, rules, delays, and parameters.