Clinical pancreatology for practicing gastroenterologists and surgeons / / edited by J. Enrique Domínguez Muñoz

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910555294303321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley Blackwell, , [2021]; ©2021
• ISBN: 1-119-57014-X; 1-119-57008-5; 1-119-57009-3
• Edizione: [Second edition.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (749 pages)
• Disciplina: 616.37
• Soggetti: Pancreas - Diseases; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Dedication -- Section I Acute Pancreatitis -- Chapter 1 Acute Pancreatitis: An Overview -- Introduction -- Causes -- Laboratory Diagnosis -- Imaging -- Risk Stratification -- Classification -- Treatment -- Prophylactic Antibiotics -- Nutrition -- Post-discharge Cholecystectomy -- Long-term Sequelae -- References -- Chapter 2 How to Deal with the Etiological Diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis in Clinical Practice? -- Introduction -- Etiological Diagnosis -- Gallstone-induced Pancreatitis -- Microlithiasis -- Alcoholic Pancreatitis -- Drug-induced Pancreatitis -- Other Etiological Diagnoses of Acute Pancreatitis -- Hypercalcemia -- Hypertriglyceridemia -- Smoking -- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus -- Pancreatobiliary Tumors -- Post-ERCP Pancreatitis -- Single and Double Balloon Enteroscopy -- Congenital Anomalies -- Idiopathic Acute Pancreatitis -- Investigative Work-up -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3 Definition of Complications and Severity of Acute Pancreatitis for Clinical Practice -- Background -- The Atlanta Classification 1992 -- The Revised Atlanta Classification 2012 -- Definition of Organ Failure and Complications in Acute Pancreatitis -- Organ Failure -- Local Complications -- ; Systemic Complications -- Definition of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis -- Mild Acute Pancreatitis -- Moderately Severe Acute Pancreatitis -- Severe Acute Pancreatitis -- Limitations of the Revised Atlanta Classification -- The Determinant-Based Classification -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Early Prediction of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis: What can be Done in Clinical Practice? -- Introduction -- Available Prediction Tools -- Volume Deficit -- Inflammatory Response -- Host-related Characteristics -- Age and Comorbidity Burden.; Obesity and Hypertriglyceridemia -- Degree of Parenchymal and Extra-parenchymal Injury -- Scoring Systems -- Limitations and Future of Current Scoring Systems and Predictive Markers -- Artificial Intelligence and Biomarkers: the Future? -- References -- Chapter 5 Role of CT Scan in Acute Pancreatitis: When is it Indicated and What Information can be Obtained? -- CT Imaging in Acute Pancreatitis -- Confirming the Diagnosis of AP -- Assessing the Etiology of Acute Pancreatitis -- Assessing the Prognosis of Acute Pancreatitis -- Identifying Local Complications Associated with Acute Pancreatitis -- Pancreatic Necrosis and Peripancreatic Fluid Collections -- Vascular Complications -- Other Complications -- Timing of CT in Acute Pancreatitis -- Limitations of CT Imaging -- Conclusion -- Disclosures -- References -- Chapter 6 Role of MRI in Acute Pancreatitis When is it Indicated and What Information can be Obtained? -- Introduction -- MRI and MRCP Protocol for Pancreas Examination -- Interstitial Edematous Pancreatitis -- Necrotizing Pancreatitis -- Complications of Acute Pancreatitis -- Fluid Collections -- Acute Peripancreatic Fluid Collection -- Acute Necrotic Collection -- Pseudocyst -- Walled-off Necrosis -- Vascular Complications -- References -- Chapter 7 Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis in The Emergency Room: What Should be Done During the First Hours of Disease? -- Introduction -- Early Diagnosis in the Emergency Room -- Initial Work-up for Etiology -- Severity Assessment, Triage, and Disposition -- Specialty Consultation -- Management -- First-line Medical Management: Fluid Resuscitation -- Type of Intravenous Fluid to Administer -- Antibiotics -- Pain Control -- Nutrition -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 8 Acute Pancreatitis: A Practical Guideline for the Monitoring and Treatment of Systemic Complications -- Introduction.; Acute Pancreatitis and Systemic Complications: Definitions, Importance, and Incidence -- Monitoring Respiratory Function and Management of Respiratory Failure -- Shock: Volume Management and Hemodynamic Monitoring -- Acute Renal Failure: Early Detection and Management -- Other Systemic Complications Associated with Acute Pancreatitis -- Hypocalcemia -- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation -- Gastrointestinal Bleeding -- Pancreatic Encephalopathy and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome -- Abdominal Compartment Syndrome -- References -- Chapter 9 Guidelines for the Treatment of Pain in Acute Pancreatitis -- Introduction -- Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs -- Opioid Analgesics -- Epidural Analgesia -- Local Anesthetics -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 10 Nutrition in the Acute Phase of Pancreatitis: Why, When, How and How Long? -- Why -- When -- How -- What to Feed -- References -- Chapter 11 Oral Refeeding in Acute Pancreatitis: When and How Should it be Restarted? -- Introduction -- What is the Optimal Timing of Refeeding in AP? -- How Should Oral Refeeding be Scheduled? -- What are the Predictors of Oral Feeding Intolerance in AP Patients? -- Summary and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 12 Pharmacological Therapy for Acute Pancreatitis: Any Light at the End of the Tunnel? -- Introduction -- Calcium Toxicity -- Mitochondrial Dysfunction -- Autophagy -- Acinar Cell Secretion, Serine Proteases, and Serine ; Protein Kinases -- Immune Cells/Inflammation -- CFTR -- Design of Future Clinical Trials -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 Indication and Optimal Timing of ERCP in Acute Pancreatitis -- Introduction -- ERCP in the Setting of Acute Biliary Pancreatitis -- Urgent ERCP -- Elective ERCP -- Additional Applications of ERCP in the Setting of Acute Pancreatitis -- Conclusions -- Disclosures -- References.; Chapter 14 How to Deal with Infected Pancreatic Necrosis? -- Introduction -- Prevention of Infection of (Peri)pancreatic Necrosis -- Diagnosis of Infected (Peri)pancreatic Necrosis -- How to Deal with Infected (Peri)pancreatic Necrosis -- Systemic Antibiotics -- Endoscopic or Percutaneous Drainage -- Endoscopic or Laparoscopic Necrosectomy -- References -- Chapter 15 Minimally Invasive Surgical Necrosectomy in Clinical Practice: Indications, Technical Issues, and Optimal Timing -- Introduction -- Percutaneous Drainage -- Sinus Tract Endoscopy -- Endoscopic (Endoluminal) Approach -- Retroperitoneal Approach -- Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Approach -- References -- Chapter 16 Endoscopic Necrosectomy in Clinical Practice: Indications, Technical Issues, and Optimal Timing -- Introduction -- Management of Symptomatic Pseudocysts -- Management of Symptomatic Walled-off Necrosis -- Indications and Timing for Intervention -- Choosing the Best Interventional Option: the Step-up Approach -- Methods of Endoscopic Necrosectomy and Stent Choice -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17 Management of Acute Pancreatic Pseudocyst: When to Observe, When and How to Drain? -- Introduction -- Evaluation -- Drainage Therapy -- Disconnected Pancreatic Duct Syndrome -- Complications -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18 The Disconnected Main Pancreatic Duct Syndrome: How to Proceed in Clinical Practice? -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Risk Factors and Predictors of DPDS -- Clinical Significance -- Clinical Presentation -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 19 Vasculature Complications in Pancreatitis: How to Deal with Them? -- Venous Complications -- Splanchnic Thrombosis Rates -- Risk Factors for Thrombosis -- Clinical Findings -- Screening -- Splenic Vein Thrombosis -- Portal Vein Thrombosis -- Management of Visceral Vein Thrombosis.; Anticoagulation -- Surgical Management -- Miscellaneous Venous Complications -- Bowel Wall Ischemia -- Portal Vein-Pseudocyst Fistula -- Arterial Complications -- Pseudoaneurysm -- Pseudoaneurysm and Risk of Rupture -- Hemosuccus Pancreaticus -- Imaging of Pseudoaneurysm or Potential Hemorrhage -- Ruptured Pseudoaneurysm Management -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 20 Acute Relapsing Pancreatitis: What can be Done to Prevent Relapses? -- Introduction -- Definition -- Burden -- Demographics -- Etiology -- Diagnostic Work-up -- Natural History and Risk of Progression -- Preventing Recurrences and Disease Progression -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 21 Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approach to Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency after Acute Pancreatitis -- Introduction -- Symptoms -- Diagnosis -- Management -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 22 Asymptomatic Chronic Elevation of Serum Pancreatic Enzymes: How to Deal with It? -- Introduction -- Physiology of Pancreatic Enzymes -- Pancreatic Abnormalities in Patients with Pancreatic Hyperenzymemia -- Pancreatic Hyperenzymemia: A Clue to Malignancy? -- Pancreatic Abnormalities at Second-level Imaging -- Gastrointestinal Diseases and Pancreatic Hyperenzymemia -- Inflammatory Bowel Disease -- Celiac Disease -- Liver Disease -- Others -- Macroenzymemia -- Systemic Conditions Associated with Hyperenzymemia -- Familial ; Aggregation and Genetics -- Drug-induced Hyperenzymemia -- Extrapancreatic Abnormalities in Patients with Hyperenzymemia -- Salivary Gland Diseases -- Renal Insufficiency -- Hyperenzymemia and Cancers -- Eating Disorders -- Others -- Benign Pancreatic Hyperenzymemia (Gullo Syndrome) -- Clinical Features -- Physiopathology -- Algorithm for Management of CAPH (Figure 22.2) -- Clinical History and Laboratory Evaluation -- Isolated Hyperamylasemia.; Pancreatic Hyperamylasemia and/or Hyperlipasemia.