Applied multidimensional geological modeling : informing sustainable human interactions with the shallow subsurface / / edited by Alan Keith Turner, Holger Kessler, Michiel J. van der Meulen

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910555046403321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hoboken, NJ : , : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., , [2021]; ©2021
• ISBN: 1-119-16311-0; 1-119-16310-2; 1-119-16309-9
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (675 pages)
• Disciplina: 550.113
• Soggetti: Geological modeling - Simulation methods; Geological surveys - Simulation methods; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Part I Introduction and Background -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Modeling Terminology and Concepts -- 1.1 Mapping or Modeling - Which Is Correct? -- 1.1.1 Definition of the Term "Model" -- 1.1.2 Evolution of the Geological Model Concept -- 1.2 Why Use "Multidimensional"? -- 1.3 Evolution of Digital Geological Modeling -- 1.4 Overview of the Book -- 1.4.1 Intended Audience -- 1.4.2 Part I: Introduction and Background -- 1.4.3 Part II: Building and Managing Models -- 1.4.3.1 Technical Considerations - Chapters 5-8 -- 1.4.3.2 Alternative Model Building Approaches - Chapters 9-12 -- 1.4.3.3 Model Application and Evaluation - Chapters 13-15 -- 1.4.4 Part III: Using and Disseminating Models -- 1.4.5 Part IV: Case Studies -- 1.4.6 Part V: Future Possibilities and Challenges -- References -- Chapter 2 Geological Survey Data and the Move from 2-D to 4-D -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Role of Geological Survey Organizations -- 2.2.1 Establishment of Geological Surveys -- 2.2.2 Systematic versus Strategic Mapping Approaches -- 2.2.3 Geological Mapping by ; Geological Surveys -- 2.2.4 Difficulty in Maintaining Adequate Financial Support -- 2.3 Challenges Facing Geological Survey Organizations -- 2.4 A Geological Map is Not a Piece of Paper -- 2.4.1 Early Geological Maps -- 2.4.2 Early Digital Mapping and Modeling -- 2.4.3 Advantages of Digital Mapping -- 2.5 The Importance of Effective Data Management -- 2.6 The Challenges of Parameterization - Putting Numbers on the Geology -- 2.6.1 Parameterization of Geological Models -- 2.6.2 Model Scale -- 2.6.3 Parameter Heterogeneity -- 2.6.4 Model Uncertainty -- 2.7 Use of 3‐D Geological Models with Process Models -- 2.8 The Evolving Mission of the Geological Survey of the Netherlands.; 2.9 Experience With a Multiagency and Multijurisdictional Approach to 3‐D Mapping in the Great Lakes Region -- 2.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Legislation, Regulation, and Management -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Layers of the Subsurface -- 3.3 Legal Systems -- 3.4 Land Ownership -- 3.5 Regulation and Management -- 3.5.1 Ground Investigation -- 3.5.2 Spatial Planning -- 3.5.3 Natural Resources -- 3.5.4 Environmental and Cultural Issues -- 3.6 Approaches to Subsurface Development -- 3.6.1 Existing Spaces -- 3.6.2 New Developments -- 3.7 Involving Stakeholders -- 3.8 Delivery of Information -- 3.9 The Role of 3‐D Subsurface Models -- 3.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 The Economic Case for Establishing Subsurface Ground Conditions and the Use of Geological Models -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Nature of Geotechnical Investigations -- 4.2.1 Geotechnical Investigations for Management of Geotechnical Risk -- 4.2.2 How Geological Models Sit Within the Geotechnical Investigation Process -- 4.2.3 Potential Impact of Geotechnical Risks -- 4.3 Benefits of Using 3‐D Models and Establishing Subsurface Ground Conditions -- 4.3.1 Cost of Geotechnical Investigations -- 4.3.2 Geotechnical Baseline Report -- 4.4 Processes, Codes, and Guidelines for Establishing Subsurface Conditions and Managing Risk -- 4.4.1 Risk Reduction Strategies to Manage Deficient Ground Information -- 4.4.2 Investments to Mitigate Against Deficient Ground Information -- 4.4.3 Code Requirements -- 4.5 Examples of the Use of 3‐D Geological Models for Infrastructure Projects -- 4.5.1 Investigating Three‐Dimensional Geological Modeling as a Tool for Consultancy -- 4.5.2 Three‐Dimensional Geological Modeling for a Nuclear Power Facility in Anglesey, Wales, UK, to Enhance Ground Investigation Quality and Optimize Value.; 4.5.3 Integrating 3‐D Models Within Project Workflow to Control Geotechnical Risk -- 4.5.4 The Economic Value of Digital Ground Models for Linear Rail Infrastructure Assets in the United Kingdom -- 4.5.5 Employing an Integrated 3‐D Geological Model for the Reference Design of the Silvertown Tunnel, East London -- 4.5.6 A New Dutch Law on Subsurface Information to Enable Better Spatial Planning -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part II Building and Managing Models -- Chapter 5 Overview and History of 3‐D Modeling Approaches -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Historical Development of 3‐D Modeling -- 5.2.1 Representation of the Third Dimension -- 5.2.2 Electrical Analog Models -- 5.2.3 The Adoption of Digital Mapping Technologies -- 5.2.4 Evolution of 3‐D Mapping and Modeling Collaborative Forums -- 5.3 The Mahomet Aquifer: An Example of Evolving Subsurface Modeling -- 5.3.1 Early Modeling Efforts -- 5.3.2 Initial 3‐D Geological and Hydrogeological Evaluations -- 5.3.3 Recent Geological and Hydrogeological Models -- 5.4 Digital 3‐D Geological Modeling Approaches Discussed in This Book -- 5.4.1 Stacked‐Surface Approach to Model Creation -- 5.4.2 Modeling Based on Cross‐Sections and Boreholes -- 5.4.3 Three‐Dimensional Gridded Voxel Models -- 5.4.4 ; Integrated Rule‐Based (Implicit) Geological Models -- References -- Chapter 6 Effective and Efficient Workflows -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Understanding the Geologic Modeling Process -- 6.1.2 Developing Custom Workflows -- 6.2 Operational Considerations -- 6.2.1 User Requirements -- 6.2.2 Defining Mapping Objectives -- 6.2.2.1 Delineation of Model Domain -- 6.2.2.2 Definition of the General Geologic Framework Model -- 6.2.2.3 Determination and Representation of the Desired Model Accuracy -- 6.2.2.4 Consideration of Formats for Final Deliverables -- 6.2.3 Geologic Setting and Natural Complexity.; 6.2.4 Existing Data Availability and Management -- 6.2.5 Collection of New Data -- 6.2.6 Staff Availability and Expertise -- 6.3 Selection of Modeling Methods and Software -- 6.4 Products and Distribution -- 6.5 Model Maintenance and Upgrades -- 6.6 Illinois State Geological Survey 3‐D Modeling Workflows -- 6.6.1 Project Objectives -- 6.6.2 Project Schedule -- 6.6.3 Project Staffing Considerations -- 6.6.4 Software Selection -- 6.6.5 Data Assessment -- 6.6.6 Project Deliverables -- 6.6.7 Post‐Project Model Management -- 6.7 Modeling Workflow Solutions by Other Organizations -- 6.7.1 University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences -- 6.7.2 Delaware Geological Survey -- 6.7.3 Ontario Geological Survey -- 6.7.4 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland -- 6.8 Creating a Custom Workflow -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 Data Sources for Building Geological Models -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Defining and Classifying Data -- 7.2.1 Data Versus Information -- 7.2.2 Classifying Data -- 7.2.2.1 Spatial Location and Extent Using Points, Lines, and Polygons -- 7.2.2.2 Framework Versus Property Data -- 7.2.2.3 Elevation, Surficial, and Subsurface Data -- 7.3 Legacy Data -- 7.4 Elevation Data -- 7.5 Surficial and Subsurface Geological Data -- 7.5.1 Geological Survey Data -- 7.5.1.1 Map Data -- 7.5.1.2 Boreholes -- 7.5.1.3 Analytical Databases -- 7.5.1.4 Reports and Academic Contributions -- 7.5.1.5 3‐D Models -- 7.5.1.6 Accessibility -- 7.5.2 Soil Data -- 7.5.3 Geotechnical Data -- 7.5.4 Water Well Data -- 7.5.5 Petroleum Data -- 7.6 Geophysical Data -- 7.6.1 Seismic Survey Method -- 7.6.1.1 Seismic Refraction Surveys -- 7.6.1.2 Seismic Reflection Surveys -- 7.6.1.3 Surface Wave Surveys -- 7.6.2 Resistivity Survey Method -- 7.6.3 Electromagnetic Survey Method -- 7.6.3.1 Time Domain Electromagnetic Surveys (TDEM).; 7.6.3.2 Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Surveys -- 7.6.3.3 Airborne Electromagnetic Surveys -- 7.6.4 Gravity Surveys -- 7.6.4.1 Ground‐based Gravity Surveys -- 7.6.4.2 Airborne Gravity Surveys -- 7.6.5 Ground Penetrating Radar -- 7.6.6 Borehole Geophysics -- 7.6.6.1 Borehole Geophysical Logging -- 7.6.6.2 In‐hole Seismic Geophysical Logging -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8 Data Management Considerations -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Data Management Methods -- 8.2.1 Standards and Best Practice -- 8.2.2 The Database System -- 8.2.3 Data Modeling -- 8.2.4 Relational Databases -- 8.2.5 Entity‐Relationship Diagrams -- 8.2.6 Normalization Process -- 8.2.7 Denormalization Process -- 8.2.8 Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) Processes -- 8.2.9 Data Warehousing -- 8.2.10 The Important Role of Metadata -- 8.3 Managing Source Data for Modeling -- 8.3.1 Data from Multiple Data Sources -- 8.3.2 Managing the Connectivity among Data Sources -- 8.3.3 Facilitating Sharing of Database Designs -- 8.4 Managing Geological Framework Models -- 8.4.1 BGS Model Database Design Principles -- 8.4.2 Versioning Existing Models -- 8.4.3 Creating New Models Based on Existing Models - "Model Interoperability" -- 8.5 Managing Geological Properties Data and Property Models -- 8.5.1 Characteristics of ; Property Data Sources and Models -- 8.5.2 Applications within the British Geological Survey -- 8.6 Managing Process Models -- 8.7 Integrated Data Management in the Danish National Groundwater Mapping Program -- 8.8 Transboundary Modeling -- 8.8.1 The H3O Program: Toward Consistency of 3‐D Hydrogeological Models Across the Dutch‐Belgian and Dutch‐German Borders -- 8.8.2 The Polish-German TransGeoTherm Project -- 8.8.3 The GeoMol Project -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 Model Creation Using Stacked Surfaces -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Rationale for Using Stacked Surfaces.; 9.3 Software Functionality to Support Stacked‐Surface Modeling.

Membranes for membrane reactors [[electronic resource] ] : preparation, optimization, and selection / / edited by Angelo Basile, Fausto Gallucci

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910133575903321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Chichester, West Sussex ; ; Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, 2011
• ISBN: 0-470-97757-4; 1-280-76788-X; 9786613678652; 0-470-97755-8; 0-470-97756-6
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (646 p.)
• Classificazione: SCI013060
• Altri autori (Persone): BasileAngelo (Angelo Bruno); GallucciFausto
• Disciplina: 660.2832; 660/.2832
• Soggetti: Membrane reactors; Bioreactors; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Membranes for Membrane Reactors: Preparation, Optimization and Selection; Contents; Contributors; Glossary; Introduction - A Review of ; Membrane Reactors; 1 Introduction; 2 Membranes for Membrane Reactors; 2.1 Polymeric Membranes; 2.2 Inorganic Membranes; 2.2.1 Metal Membranes; 2.2.2 Ceramic Membranes; 2.2.3 Carbon Membranes; 2.2.4 Zeolite Membranes; 2.3 Membrane Housing; 2.4 Membrane Separation Regime; 2.4.1 Porous Membrane; 2.4.2 Dense Metallic Membranes; 3 Salient Features of Membrane Reactors; 3.1 Applications of Membrane Reactors; 3.2 Advantages of the Membrane Reactors; 4 Hydrogen Production by Membrane Reactors4.1 Methane Steam Reforming; 4.2 Dry Reforming of Methane; 4.3 Partial Oxidation of Methane; 4.4 Water Gas Shift Reaction Performed in Membrane Reactors; 4.5 Outlines on Reforming Reactions of Renewable Sources in Membrane Reactors; 5 Other Examples of Membrane Reactors; 5.1 Zeolite Membrane Reactors; 5.2 Fluidised Bed Membrane Reactor; 5.3 Perovskite Membrane Reactors; 5.4 Hollow Fibre Membrane Reactors; 5.5 Catalytic Membrane Reactors; 5.6 Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors; 6 Membrane Bioreactor; 6.1 A Brief History of the MBR Technology Development; 6.2 Market Value and Drivers6.3 Commercially Available MF/UF Membranes for MBR; 6.3.1 Membrane Geometry; 6.3.2 Mode of Operation: Inside-Out Versus Outside-In Flow; 6.3.3 Membrane Materials and Material Properties; 6.3.4 Features of Commercial MBR Technologies; 6.4 Advantages of MBR over CAS; 6.5 Organics and Nutrients Removal in MBR; 6.5.1 Removal of Organic Matter and Suspended Solids; 6.5.2 Nutrient Removal; 6.6 Recalcitrant Industrial Wastewater Treatment by MBR; 6.6.1 Micropollutants; 6.6.2 Dye Wastewater; 6.6.3 Tannery Wastewater; 6.6.4 Landfill Leachate; 6.6.5 Oil Contaminated Wastewater6.6.6 Insight into Recalcitrant Compound Removal in MBR; 6.7 Recent Advances in Membrane Bioreactors Design/Operation; 6.8 Development Challenges; 6.8.1 Membrane Fouling; 6.8.2 Pre-Treatment Requirement; 6.8.3 Maintaining Membrane Integrity; 6.9 Future Research; 7 Conclusion; References; 1 Microporous Carbon Membranes; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Transport Mechanisms in Carbon Membranes; 1.3 Methods for the Preparation of Microporous Carbon Membranes; 1.3.1 General Preparation and Characterisation; 1.3.2 Classification of Carbon Membranes; 1.3.3 The Pyrolysis Process1.3.4 Pretreatment; 1.3.5 Post-Treatment; 1.3.6 Polymer Precursors; 1.3.7 Adjustments of Pore Structures; 1.3.8 Modification of Porous Substrates; 1.3.9 Current Status; 1.3.10 Mixed-Matrix Carbon Membranes; 1.4 Membrane Modules; 1.5 Applications of Membranes in Membrane Reactor Processes; 1.6 Final Remarks and Conclusions; References; 2 Metallic Membranes by Wire Arc Spraying: Preparation, Characterisation and Applications; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Thermal Spraying; 2.2.1 Definition and Types; 2.2.2 Applications; 2.2.3 Wire Arc Spraying; 2.3 Preparation of Membranes; 2.3.1 Preparation of Inorganic Membranes Using Thermal Spraying
• Sommario/riassunto: A membrane reactor is a device for simultaneously performing a reaction and a membrane-based separation in the same physical device. Therefore, the membrane not only plays the role of a separator, but also takes place in the reaction itself. This text covers, in detail, the preparation and characterisation of all types of membranes used in membranes reactors. Each membrane synthesis process used by membranologists is explained by well known scientists in their specific research field. The book opens with an exhaustive review and introduction to membrane reactors, introducing the recent adv

Uncertain Multi-Attribute Decision Making : Methods and Applications / / by Zeshui Xu

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910298469003321
• Autore: Xu Zeshui
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Berlin, Heidelberg : , : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2015
• ISBN: 3-662-45640-0
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2015.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (375 p.)
• Disciplina: 330; 330.0151; 519.6; 658.40301
• Soggetti: Operations research; Econometrics; Management science; Operations Research and Decision Theory; Quantitative Economics; Operations Research, Management Science
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Part 1 Real-Valued MADM Methods and Their Applications -- Real-Valued MADM with Weight Information Unknown -- MADM with Preferences on Attribute Weights -- MADM with Partial Weight Information -- Part 2 Interval MADM Methods and Their Applications -- Interval MADM with Real-Valued Weight Information -- Interval MADM with Unknown Weight Information -- Interval MADM with Partial Weight Information -- Part 3 Linguistic MADM Methods and Their Applications -- Linguistic MADM with Unknown Weight Information -- Linguistic MADM Method with Real-Valued or Unknown Weight Information -- MADM Method Based on Pure Linguistic Information -- Part 4 Uncertain Linguistic MADM Methods and Their Applications -- Uncertain Linguistic MADM with Unknown Weight Information -- Uncertain Linguistic MADM Method with Real-Valued Weight Information -- Uncertain Linguistic MADM Method with Interval Weight ; Information.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book introduces methods for uncertain multi-attribute decision making including uncertain multi-attribute group decision making and their applications to supply chain management, investment decision making, personnel assessment, redesigning products, maintenance services, military system efficiency evaluation. Multi-attribute decision making, also known as multi-objective decision making with finite alternatives, is an important component of modern decision science. The theory and methods of multi-attribute decision making have been extensively applied in engineering, economics, management and military contexts, such as venture capital project evaluation, facility location, bidding, development ranking of industrial sectors and so on. Over the last few decades, great attention has been paid to research on multi-attribute decision making in uncertain settings, due to the increasing complexity and uncertainty of supposedly objective aspects and the fuzziness of human thought. This book can be used as a reference guide for researchers and practitioners working in e.g. the fields of operations research, information science, management science and engineering. It can also be used as a textbook for postgraduate and senior undergraduate students.