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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910523898503321 |
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Titolo |
Approaches to chronic kidney disease : a guide for primary care providers and non-nephrologists / / Jerry McCauley, Seyed Mehrdad Hamrahian, Omar H. Maarouf, editors |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022] |
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©2022 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (448 pages) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Kidneys - Diseases |
Malalties del ronyó |
Malalties cròniques |
Llibres electrònics |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Renal Physiology for Primary Care Clinicians -- Introduction -- Vascular Structure of the Kidney -- Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) -- Renal Tubular Function -- Proximal Tubular Segments -- Loop of Henle -- Distal Tubular Segments -- Collecting Tubules -- References -- Chapter 2: State of the Care, Definition, and Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease -- Definition of Chronic Kidney Disease -- Significance of Chronic Kidney Disease -- Economic Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease -- Common Causes of ESRD -- Epidemiology/Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease -- Risk Factors for CKD and CKD Prevalence -- Awareness of CKD -- Prevention and Screening -- Screening -- Slowing the Progression of CKD -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Screening Tests for CKD Detection -- Introduction -- Urinalysis -- Urine Specimen Collection -- Gross Examination -- Urine Dipstick -- Urine Sediment -- Glomerular Filtration Rate and Its Assessment -- Assessment of GFR -- Measurement of GFR -- Estimation of GFR -- Creatinine as a Marker to Estimate GFR -- Creatinine Clearance -- Equations for Estimating |
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GFR from Serum Creatinine -- Cockcroft-Gault Formula -- MDRD Study Equation -- CKD-EPI Equation -- Urea as a Marker for GFR -- Serum Cystatin C -- GFR Assessment in Circumstances Requiring High Degree of Accuracy -- Kidney Donor Evaluation -- Drug Dosing -- Assessing Kidney Function Beyond eGFR -- Disease Duration -- Major Causes and Classification of Kidney Disease -- Proteinuria -- Albuminuria -- Measurement of Total Urine Protein Excretion -- Approach to Patient with Proteinuria -- Hematuria -- Radiologic Assessment in Renal Disease -- Ultrasound -- Computed Tomography (CT) -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Abdominal Radiography -- Renal Arteriography -- Radionuclide Studies. |
Retrograde or Anterograde Pyelography -- Renal Biopsy -- Indications of Renal Biopsy -- Contraindications -- Pre-biopsy Work-Up -- Complications -- References -- Chapter 4: Slowing Chronic Kidney Disease Progression -- Introduction -- CKD Detection -- Slowing CKD Progression by Optimizing Hypertension Control -- Slowing CKD Progression by Reducing Proteinuria -- Slowing Diabetic Kidney Disease -- Slowing CKD Progression in Cardiovascular Disease -- Slowing CKD Progression by Optimizing Metabolic Acidosis -- Hyperlipidemia -- Hyperuricemia -- Obesity and CKD Progression -- Smoking -- New Therapies Targeting Renal Fibrosis to Slow CKD Progression -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Progression of CKD and Uremic Symptoms -- Definition of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) -- Clinical Presentation -- Things to Include in Routine History and Physical in a Patient with CKD -- Making Use of Existing Laboratory Data and Imaging Studies -- CKD and Its Risk Factors -- Etiology of CKD -- Stages of CKD and Its Progression -- CKD and Its Progression -- Definition of CKD Progression and Its Assessment -- Disclosing to Patients -- Referral to a Nephrologist -- Natural History of Renal Disease -- Pathophysiology of CKD and Its Progression -- Factors to Predict the Progression of CKD -- Intraglomerular Hypertension and Glomerular Hypertrophy -- Proteinuria -- Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis -- Diabetes Mellitus and CKD -- Metabolic Acidosis -- Uric Acid -- Use of Smoking and Illicit Drugs -- Interaction with Healthcare Professionals -- Taking a Charge of Own Health -- Socioeconomic Impact -- APOL1 Genotype in African Americans (AA) -- CKD Manifestations and Their Management -- Uremia -- Pathogenesis of Uremia -- Signs and Symptoms of Uremia -- Approach to Management of Uremia -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Diabetic Kidney Disease -- Introduction. |
Pathogenesis -- Incidence and Prevalence -- Risk Factors -- Age -- Race/Ethnicity -- Obesity -- Uncontrolled Blood Sugar -- Hypertension -- Albuminuria -- Role of Kidney Biopsy -- Pathology -- Progression -- Treatment -- Following DKD Patient During Treatment to Control CV Risk Factors -- References -- Chapter 7: Hypertensive Kidney Disease -- Introduction and Epidemiology -- Definitions -- Epidemiology of Hypertensive Kidney Disease -- Causes of Hypertensive Kidney Disease -- Impaired Sodium Excretion -- Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System -- Sympathetic Nervous System -- Impaired Renal Autoregulation in CKD -- Inflammation -- BP Target in Hypertensive Kidney Disease -- Blood Pressure Monitoring and Blood Pressure Patterns in Hypertensive Kidney Disease -- Masked Hypertension in CKD -- Resistant Hypertension in Hypertensive Kidney Disease -- Role of Hypertension in the Progression of CKD -- Treatment of Hypertensive Kidney Disease -- Use of RAAS Inhibition in CKD -- Diuretics -- Aldosterone Antagonists in Hypertensive Kidney Disease -- Dietary Potassium Supplementation -- SGLT-2 Inhibitors -- Allopurinol -- Aspirin and Clopidogrel -- Weight Loss for Treatment |
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of Hypertensive Kidney Disease -- Evaluation for Renal Artery Stenosis in Hypertensive Kidney Disease -- Hypertensive Emergency in Hypertensive Kidney Disease -- Prognosis -- References -- Chapter 8: Infection-Related Kidney Disease -- Introduction -- Virus-Induced Kidney Disease -- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) -- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN) -- APOL1 Gene -- HIV-Associated Immune Complex Kidney Disease (HIVICK) -- Treatment of HIV with HIV-Associated Anti-Retro-Viral Therapy (HAART) -- Protease Inhibitors (PI) -- Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI) -- Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI) -- Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). |
HCV Treatment -- Hepatitis B Virus -- HBV Treatment -- Hepatitis E Virus -- Other Virus-Associated Renal Disease -- Flaviviruses -- Dengue Virus -- Hantavirus -- Coronavirus-19 -- Bacterial Infections -- Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis -- Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis -- Mycobacterial Infections -- Fungal Infections -- Protozoan and Parasitic Infections -- Malaria -- Leptospirosis -- Leishmaniasis -- Schistosomiasis -- Filariasis -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Hepatorenal Syndrome -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology of HRS -- HRS-AKI -- HRS-NAKI -- Clinical Manifestations -- Diagnosis -- Differential Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Medical Management -- TIPS -- Renal Replacement Therapy -- Liver Transplantation -- Prevention -- Prognosis -- References -- Chapter 10: Lupus Nephritis -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Clinical Response Definitions -- Treatment Protocols (Please See Table 10.1 for a Summary) -- Induction Therapy -- Maintenance Therapy -- Emerging Therapies and Protocols -- Antimalarials in LN -- B-cell Depletion -- Management of Class V LN -- Pregnancy and LN -- Dialysis and Transplantation in LN -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Onconephrology -- Introduction -- Assessment of Kidney Function in Cancer Patients -- Acute Kidney Injury in Cancer Patients -- Tumor Lysis Syndrome -- Therapy-Related Acute Kidney Injury -- Traditional Chemotherapeutic Agents -- Platinum Salts -- Methotrexate and Pemetrexed -- Ifosfamide and Cyclophosphamide -- Nitrosoureas -- Gemcitabine and Mitomycin C -- Targeted Therapy -- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Inhibitors -- BRAF Inhibitors -- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Inhibitors -- Proteasome Inhibitors -- Immunotherapy -- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICPI) -- Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (CAR-T) Therapy -- Radiation Nephropathy. |
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) -- Cancer-Related Kidney Disease -- Paraprotein-Related Kidney Disease -- Classification of Paraprotein-Related Diseases -- Clinical and Histological Manifestations of Renal Involvement in Plasma Cell Dyscrasias -- Multiple Myeloma -- Evaluation of Suspected Monoclonal Gammopathy -- Treatment of Monoclonal Gammopathies with Renal Involvement -- Leukemia and Lymphoma -- Paraneoplastic Glomerular Disease -- Urinary Tract Obstruction -- Renal Cell Carcinoma -- CKD, ESRD, and Cancer -- References -- Chapter 12: Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease: Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders -- Acidemia of Chronic Kidney Disease -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical Findings -- Adverse Effects -- Treatment -- Available Therapeutics -- Calculation of Bicarbonate Deficit -- Dietary Management of Metabolic Acidosis of Chronic Kidney Disease -- Pharmaceutical Management -- Sodium Disorder and Chronic Kidney Disease -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology of Concentrating and Diluting Defects in Chronic Kidney Disease -- The Counter-Current Mechanism in Chronic Kidney Disease -- Clinical Implications -- |
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Treatment -- Hypovolemic Hyponatremia Secondary to Volume Deficits -- Euvolemic/Hypervolemic Hyponatremia -- ADH Inhibitors -- Water Restriction -- Use of Loop Diuretics -- Hypernatremia and Chronic Kidney Disease -- Hyponatremia and End-Stage Renal Disease -- Potassium and Chronic Kidney Disease -- Epidemiology -- Hyperkalemia in Chronic Kidney Disease -- Mechanism of Hyperkalemia and Chronic Kidney Disease -- Clinical Sequel -- Treatment -- Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate -- Calcium Polystyrene Sulfonate -- Patiromer -- Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate -- Renal Replacement Therapy -- Hypokalemia in Chronic Kidney Disease -- Clinical Sequel -- Goals of Treatment -- Potassium Preparation -- References. |
Chapter 13: Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease. |
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