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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910523008403321 |
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Titolo |
Atlas of critical care echocardiography / / edited by Alexis Salerno, Daniel J. Haase, and Sarah B. Murthi |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022] |
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©2022 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (189 pages) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Critical care medicine |
Ecocardiografia |
Medicina intensiva en cardiologia |
Llibres electrònics |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Imaging -- Obtaining, Interpreting, and Using Echo -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ultrasound Knobology -- 2.1 Echogenicity (Fig. 1) -- 2.2 Knobs and Terms (Table 1) -- 3 Ultrasound Scanning Modes -- 3.1 B Mode or Two-Dimensional (2D) (Fig. 2 Upper Panel, Video 1) -- 3.2 M Mode (Fig. 2 Lower Panel) -- 3.3 Doppler Modes (Fig. 3) -- 3.3.1 Types of Doppler -- 4 Ultrasound Transducers (Fig. 4) -- 4.1 Curvilinear -- 4.2 Linear -- 4.3 Phased Array -- 5 Transducer Movements (Fig. 5) -- 6 Exam Types and Presets (Fig. 6) -- 7 Measurements in Point-of-Care Ultrasound -- Suggested Reading -- Parasternal Long Axis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Obtaining the PLA -- 2.1 Image Orientation (Fig. 2) -- 3 Assessments and Measurements -- 4 Ideal Image (Fig. 3) -- 5 Tips and Pointers -- 6 Special Considerations -- Suggested Reading -- Parasternal Short Axis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Obtaining the Parasternal Short Axis -- 2.1 Image Orientation (Fig. 2) -- 2.2 Ideal Images -- 3 Assessment and Measurements -- 4 Tips and Pointers -- Suggested Reading -- Apical 4 Chamber and Apical 5 Chamber -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Obtaining the AP 4 -- 1.2 Obtaining the AP 5 -- 1.3 Image Orientation -- 1.4 Ideal Image |
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(Fig. 2) -- 1.5 Assessments and Measurements -- 1.6 Troubleshooting/Pointers -- Suggested Reading -- Subxiphoid Cardiac and Inferior Vena Cava Views -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Obtaining the Subxiphoid View -- 3 Obtaining the IVC Window -- 4 Image Orientation Cardiac Presets -- 5 Image Orientation Abdominal Presets for the FAST and RUSH -- 6 Ideal Image -- 7 Assessments and Measurements -- 8 Tips and Pointers -- Suggested Reading -- Liver Doppler -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Obtaining the Hepatic PWD -- 3 Obtaining the Portal Pulsed Wave Doppler -- 4 Tips and Pointers. |
Suggested Reading -- Renal Doppler -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Obtaining the Renal Doppler Image -- 3 Renal Venous Assessments -- 4 Renal Arterial Assessments -- 5 Troubleshooting and Pointers -- Suggested Reading -- Thoracic Ultrasound -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Uses for Thoracic Ultrasound in Shock -- 3 Obtaining the Thoracic Views -- 4 Normal Anatomical Structures (Fig. 4) -- 5 Artifacts (Fig. 5) -- 6 Tips and Pointers -- 7 Special Considerations -- Suggested Reading -- Part II: Measurements and Interpretation -- Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and E-point Septal Separation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 LVEF and EPSS -- 2.1 Uses for LVEF and EPSS -- 2.2 Obtaining the Views LVEF and EPSS -- 3 Visual Estimation of the LVEF -- 4 Measurement of EPSS -- 5 Special Considerations -- References -- Stroke Volume, Cardiac Output, and Systemic Vascular Resistance -- 1 Introduction -- 2 SV and SV Index (SVI) -- 2.1 Uses for SV -- 2.2 Measurement of SV -- 2.3 Tips and Pointers -- 2.4 Equation for SV -- 2.5 Special Considerations -- 3 Cardiac Output and Cardiac Index (CO and CI) -- 3.1 Uses for CO -- 3.2 Measurement of CO -- 3.3 Equations for CO and CI -- 4 Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) and SVR Index (SVRI) -- 4.1 Uses for SVR -- 4.2 Measurement of SVR -- 4.3 Equation for SVR -- 4.4 Measurement of SVRI -- 4.5 Special Considerations -- Suggested Reading -- Diastolic Function -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Diastolic Function -- 3 Obtaining the Measurements LV Diastolic Function -- 3.1 Pulsed Wave Doppler Through the Mitral Valve: E and A (Fig. 1) -- 3.2 Tissue Doppler at the Lateral Mitral Valve Annulus: e′ and a′ (Fig. 2) -- 4 Interpreting Measurements: Grading LV Diastolic Function (Figs. 3 and 4) -- 5 Obtaining Measurements of RV Diastolic Function -- 5.1 Pulsed Wave Doppler Through the Tricuspid Valve: ETRV and A TRV. |
5.2 Tissue Doppler Imaging at the Lateral Mitral Annuls: e′TRV and a′TRV -- 5.3 Interpreting RV Diastolic Dysfunction Measurements -- 6 Tips and Pitfalls -- Suggested Reading -- Right Ventricular Systolic Function -- 1 Introduction -- 2 RV Dysfunction -- 3 Uses for RV Assessment -- 4 Obtaining Views -- 4.1 Visual Estimation of the RV -- 4.2 Tips and Pointers -- 4.3 Measurement of Transannular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) (Figs. 2 and 3) -- 4.4 Measurement of Peak Systolic Velocity at the Tricuspid Valve (S′TRV) -- 5 Tips and Pointers for TAPSE and S′ -- 6 Special Considerations -- 7 Normal and Reference Values -- Suggested Reading -- Pulmonary Hypertension -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pulmonary Artery Pressures -- 3 Visual Inspection the RV and LV in All Windows (Fig. 1) -- 4 Assessment with the Tricuspid Regurgitant Jet (Fig. 2) -- 5 Assessment of Flow Through the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract -- Suggested Reading -- Inferior Vena Cava Respiratory Variation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Obtaining the Views and Calculating Measurements -- 3 Interpreting Measurements -- 4 Tips and Pitfalls -- Suggested Reading -- Stroke Volume Variation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 SVV with Respiratory Peak Velocity Variation -- 3 Uses VTI RV -- 4 Window and Mode -- 5 How to Measure SVV with VTI Vpk Variation -- 6 Special Considerations When Using APV and VTI Variation for SVV |
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Assessment -- 7 SVV with Passive Leg Raise -- Suggested Reading -- Pulmonary Findings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Uses for Lung Assessment -- 3 B-Lines as Evidence of Pulmonary Edema -- 4 Tips and Pointers -- 5 Special Considerations -- 6 Pleural Effusion, Consolidation, and Collapse -- 7 Pneumothorax -- 8 Evaluation of Pneumothorax by M-Mode -- 9 Tips and Pointers -- Suggested Reading -- Right Atrial Pressure Assessment -- 1 Introduction. |
2 Estimation of RAP for Calculations of SVR and PA Systolic Pressure -- 3 Detection of Venous Congestion from Elevated RAP -- 4 Other Assessments -- 4.1 Right Ventricular Diastolic Function -- 4.2 Inferior Vena Cava -- 4.3 Special Considerations -- Suggested Reading -- Potpourri of Pathology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Case 1: Cardiac Tamponade -- 3 Case 2: Pulmonary Embolism -- 4 Case 3: COVID-19 Pneumonia -- 5 Case 4 Severe Aortic Stenosis -- 6 Case 5 Endocarditis -- Suggested Reading -- Part III: Shock Protocols -- The Focused Sonogram for Trauma (FAST) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Uses -- 3 The FAST Protocol -- 4 Tips and Pointers -- 5 Special Considerations -- Suggested Reading -- The Rapid UltraSound in Shock (RUSH) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Uses -- 3 FAST and RUSH Protocols -- 4 Tips and Pointers -- 5 Special Considerations -- Suggested Reading -- Cardiac Arrest Sonographic Assessment (CASA) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Uses for CASA -- 3 CASA Protocol -- 4 Tips and Pointers -- References -- Part IV: The Focused Rapid Echocardiographic Evaluation (FREE) -- There Is No @#% Tank! It is a Pump!! -- 1 Introduction -- 2 There Is No @#% Tank! It Is a Pump!!! -- 3 The Capillary Bed -- Suggested Reading -- Echo-Based Shock Physiology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Presentation of Shock -- 3 Optimizing Perfusion vs. Resuscitation -- 4 Phases of Shock (Fig. 1) -- 5 Medical vs. Surgical Shock -- 6 Therapies to Optimize Perfusion in Shock -- 7 Hypotension vs. Shock -- Suggested Reading -- The Focused Rapid Echocardiographic Evaluation (FREE) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Uses -- 3 FREE Protocol -- 4 Pre-imaging Assessment -- 5 Ultrasound Imaging in the FREE (Fig. 1) -- 6 Measurements and Analysis -- 7 Hemodynamic Profiles and Treatment Recommendations -- 8 Operationalizing the FREE -- 9 Tips and Pointers -- 10 Special Considerations. |
Suggested Reading -- Fluid Strategies in the FREE -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Effects of a Fluid Bolus -- 3 Fluid Liberal vs Fluid Conservative (Figs. 1 and 2) -- 4 Surgical Patients -- Suggested Reading -- Hemodynamic Profiles in the FREE -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Hemodynamic Profiles -- 3 Assessing the Profiles -- 4 Normal × 3 (Happy Heart) -- 5 Underfilled (Hummingbird) -- 6 Vasodilated -- 7 Dysfunctional (Sad Heart) -- 8 Mixed Profiles -- Suggested Readings -- The Focused Rapid Echocardiographic Evaluation (FREE): Clinical Examples -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Quantitative Measurements in the FREE -- 3 Case 1: Trauma Patient with Decreased Urine Output -- 4 Case 2: Overdose with Respiratory Failure and Hypotension -- 5 Case 3: Postoperative from a Major Ventral Hernia Repair with Hypotension -- 6 Case 4: Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia and Hypotension -- 7 Case 5: COVID-19 Requiring ECMO with Hypotension and Worsening Hypoxia -- Suggested Reading -- Index. |
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