Features and management of acute and chronic neuro-covid / / Marco Cascella and Elvio De Blasio

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910522928003321
• Autore: Cascella Marco
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• ISBN: 3-030-86705-6
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (172 pages)
• Disciplina: 616.2414
• Soggetti: Neurotoxicology
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1: Pathophysiology of COVID-19-Associated Neurotoxicity -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Overview on Neurological Manifestations -- 1.3 Pathophysiology of COVID-19-Associated Neurotoxicity -- 1.3.1 The Issue of SARS-CoV-2 Neurotropism -- 1.3.1.1 The Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 in Nerve Tissue -- 1.3.1.2 Pathogenesis of Direct SARS-CoV-2 Damage -- 1.3.1.3 The Ligand-Receptor Interaction and "Postreceptorial Mechanisms" in Nervous Tissue -- 1.3.2 Mechanisms of Diffusion Towards the Nervous Tissue -- 1.3.2.1 The Hematogenous Route -- 1.3.2.2 The Neurogenic Pathway -- 1.3.2.3 Other Possible Routes -- 1.3.3 Immune-Mediated Neurological Processes -- 1.3.3.1 Cytokine Storm -- 1.3.3.2 Microglial Activation and Blood-Brain Barrier Damage -- 1.3.4 Gut-Brain Axis Involvement -- 1.3.5 Effects of Multiorgan Dysfunction -- 1.4 Potential Mechanisms for Long-Term Neurotoxicity -- 1.5 Pain and COVID-19: The COVID-Pain Issue -- 1.5.1 Acute Clinical Manifestations -- 1.5.2 Long-Term Painful Clinical Manifestations -- 1.6 Ongoing Clinical Research -- 1.7 Research Perspectives -- 1.8 Conclusions -- References -- 2: Acute Manifestations of Neuro-COVID -- 2.1 Introduction. Overview on Clinical Manifestations of the Disease -- 2.2 Pathogenic Mechanisms -- 2.3 Classification Approaches -- 2.4 Central Nervous System Manifestations -- 2.4.1 Headache and Dizziness -- 2.4.2 Acute Encephalopathy -- 2.4.3 Posterior ; Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome -- 2.4.4 Seizures -- 2.4.5 Acute Cerebrovascular Diseases -- 2.4.6 Meningitis and Encephalitis -- 2.4.7 Acute Myelitis -- 2.5 PNS Manifestations -- 2.5.1 Hypo/Anosmia and Dysgeusia/Ageusia -- 2.5.2 Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Variants -- 2.5.3 Pain -- 2.6 Skeletal Muscle Manifestations -- 2.6.1 Asthenia and Myalgia.; 2.6.2 Skeletal Muscle Injury -- 2.7 Psychiatric Manifestations -- 2.8 Conclusions -- References -- 3: Diagnostic Approaches to Acute Neuro-COVID -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Neuroimaging -- 3.2.1 Stroke -- 3.2.2 Cerebral Hemorrhagic Lesions -- 3.2.3 Mixed Pictures -- 3.2.4 Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome -- 3.2.5 Encephalitis -- 3.2.6 Myelitis -- 3.2.7 Peripheral Nervous System and Muscular Disorders -- 3.2.8 Clinical and Neuroimaging Correlation -- 3.2.9 The Role of Brain Positron Emission Tomography -- 3.2.10 Other Diagnostic Approaches -- 3.3 Electrodiagnostic Tests -- 3.3.1 EEG: Indications, Approaches, Features, and Limitations -- 3.3.2 ICU-Acquired Weakness in COVID-19 Patients -- 3.3.3 Mixed CNS/PNS Pictures -- 3.4 Laboratory Tests -- 3.5 Neuropathological Findings -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- 4: Neurological, Psychological, and Cognitive Manifestations of Long-COVID -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Long-COVID Phenomenon in Numbers -- 4.3 Neurological Symptoms -- 4.3.1 Mechanisms -- 4.3.2 Clinical Features -- 4.4 Psychological Sequelae of Long-COVID -- 4.4.1 Disease-Related or Pandemic-Induced Effects? -- 4.4.2 From Acute to Chronic Psychiatric Problems -- 4.5 Potential Long-Term Cognitive Issues -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References.