Calculate the orbit of Mars! : an observing challenge and historical adventure / / Jane Clark

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910502986103321
• Autore: Clark Jane
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer International Publishing, , [2021]; ©2021
• ISBN: 3-030-78267-0
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (319 pages)
• Disciplina: 523.43
• Soggetti: Mars (Planet) Orbit
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Author -- Chapter 1: In the Beginning -- Ptolemy's Model: Salient Features -- The Copernican Revolution: The Pun That Keeps oving -- Tycho Brahe, the Greatest Pre-telescope Observer -- Tycho and Mathematics -- Tycho's Instruments -- Galileo - Telescopes and Free Fall -- Free Fall and Motion -- The Telescope Bursts onto the Scene -- Encounter with the Inquisition -- Chapter 2: Read My Ellipses -- Kepler -- Ellipses -- Chapter 3: The Behaviour of Two Bodies in Orbit -- Christiaan Huyghens (1629-1695) -- Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727): The Great Synthesizer -- Universal Gravitation -- Gravity Due to Point Masses and Spheres -- Angular Momentum and Its Implications -- The Bit Where Conic Sections Come In -- Time Evolution -- A Brief Aside: the Word Anomaly -- The Moon: A Challenge for Newtonian Physics -- Canonical Units -- Energy -- The Orbit Tells Us What the Force Law Is -- Chapter 4: Least Squares Fit to Sets of Equations -- Least Squares Fitting Subroutine -- Chapter 5: The Orbit of the Earth -- Sunny Side Down, Please -- From Solar Midday to Orbit -- Sorting Out Some Definitions -- Further Geometric Gymnastics with Ellipses -- Tilting My Lance at Obliquity -- Getting Around to Earth's Orbit -- Chapter 6: Here's Looking at You, Mars! -- Equipment -- Guiding -- Photographic Technique -- How I Made Measurements from Pictures Like Fig. 6.7 -- How to Obtain the Position of Mars from the Star Positios -- Main Program -- Angle Unit Changing ; Subroutines -- Least Squares Fitting Subroutine LSQFIT Has to Be Added -- Distance Unit Changing Subroutines -- Results -- The 2009-2010 Apparition of Mars -- Later Observing Campaigns -- Data from 2011 to 2012 (Table 6.5 and Fig. 6.31) -- Data from 2020 (Table 6.6 and Fig. 6.32) -- Chapter 7: First Shot at the Orbit of Mars.; Non-coplanar Orbits Facing in Random Directions -- Rotations -- What These Angles Are Used for -- Herget's Method -- Lagrange's f and g Functions -- The Sector-Triangle Ratio -- Introduction of Kepler's Equation -- Solution of Eqs. (7.89), (7.101) and (7.104) -- Solving Eq. (7.1) with Known Magnitude but Unknown Direction of Sun-Planet Distance -- Eureka! (Part One) -- Obtaining the Orbital Elements from Two Radius Vectors -- Software Listing -- Main Program -- Calculate Ascending Node -- Convert Observation Times to Canonical Units -- Use Escobal's Methods to Calculate Various Quantities -- Use Methods Given Above to Calculate the Longitude and Passage Time of Perihelion -- This Is Basically the Subroutine Described in Chap. 4 -- Eureka! (Part Two) -- Chapter 8: Refining the Preliminary Orbit -- Least-Squares Curve Fitting -- Gambling on Monte Carlo -- Monte Carlo Source Code -- Manual Adjustment of Orbits -- Using Knowledge of the 2020 Opposition -- Conclusions Drawn -- Da Capo al Fine: Can I Fit Tycho's Data? -- How Well Did I Do? -- Appendix 1: Parabolas and Hyperbolas -- Deriving the Equation of a Hyperbola in Polar Coordinates -- Deriving the Equation of a Parabola in Polar Coordinates -- Appendix 2: Multiplying Three Vectors -- Appendix 3: Proof of Trigonometric Addition Formulae for All Angles -- References -- Index.

Ancient Christian martyrdom [[electronic resource] ] : diverse practices, theologies, and traditions / / Candida R. Moss

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910779004903321
• Autore: Moss Candida R
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New Haven, : Yale University Press, c2012
• ISBN: 1-280-77051-1; 9786613681287; 0-300-15466-6
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (256 p.)
• Collana: The Anchor Yale Bible reference library
• Disciplina: 272/.1
• Soggetti: Church history - Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600; Martyrdom - Christianity - History; Persecution - History - Early church, ca. 30-600
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1. Cultural Contexts: The Good Death and the Self- Conscious Sufferer -- 2. Asia Minor: Imitating Christ -- 3. Rome: Contesting Philosophy -- 4. Gaul: The Victors of Vienne and Lyons -- 5 Roman North Africa: Apocalyptic Ascent -- 6. Alexandria: Clement and the True Martyr -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- General Index -- Index of Modern Authors -- Index of Ancient Sources
• Sommario/riassunto: The importance of martyrdom for the spread of Christianity in the first centuries of the Common Era is a question of enduring interest. In this innovative new study, Candida Moss offers a radically new history of martyrdom in the first and second centuries that challenges traditional understandings of the spread of Christianity and rethinks the nature of Christian martyrdom itself. Martyrdom, Moss shows, was not a single idea, theology, or practice: there were diverse perspectives and understandings of what it meant to die for Christ.Beginning with an overview of ancient Greek, Roman, and Jewish ideas about death, Moss demonstrates that there were many cultural contexts within which early Christian views of martyrdom were very much at home. She then shows how distinctive and diverging theologies of martyrdom emerged in ; different ancient congregations. In the process she reexamines the authenticity of early Christian stories about martyrs and calls into question the dominant scholarly narrative about the spread of martyrdom in the ancient world.